非零井源距VSP多分量地震资料逆时偏移
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摘要
上行波叠前深度偏移是提高非零井源距VSP地震资料成像精度的主要途径之一。从二维各向同性介质中的弹性波动方程出发,在交错网格空间中推导了弹性波场逆时延拓的高精度有限差分算子,给出了弹性波场逆时延拓的最佳匹配层吸收边界条件,从时间一致性准则出发,通过求解程函方程获取VSP地震资料逆时偏移的成像条件,在此基础上实现了非零井源距VSP多分量地震资料联合逆时深度偏移。理论模型与实际资料均得到了高质量的成像结果。
The depth migration before the wave superposed plays an important role in updating the imaging precision of seismic data of vertical seismic profile(VSP) with non-zero offset.The paper derived a reverse-time propagation and high precision finite difference operator of elastic wave field in staggered grids by applying the elastic wave equations in 2-D isotropic media,and the absorbing boundary conditions of perfectly matched layer(PML) applicable to reverse-time propagation of elastic wave field was also given in the paper.Based on the consistent principle of down-going and up-going waves,the imaging condition was computed by solving the eikonal equations.On the basis of above techniques,a united reverse-time depth migration algorithm of VSP multi-component seismic data with non-zero offset was developed.The high quality imaging results were obtained by the theoretical model or field data processing.
The depth migration before the wave superposed plays an important role in updating the imaging precision of seismic data of vertical seismic profile(VSP) with non-zero offset.The paper derived a reverse-time propagation and high precision finite difference operator of elastic wave field in staggered grids by applying the elastic wave equations in 2-D isotropic media,and the absorbing boundary conditions of perfectly matched layer(PML) applicable to reverse-time propagation of elastic wave field was also given in the paper.Based on the consistent principle of down-going and up-going waves,the imaging condition was computed by solving the eikonal equations.On the basis of above techniques,a united reverse-time depth migration algorithm of VSP multi-component seismic data with non-zero offset was developed.The high quality imaging results were obtained by the theoretical model or field data processing.
引文
[1]GAZDAG J.Wave-equation migration by phase shift[J].Geophysics,1978,43(7):1342-1351.
[2]GAZDAG J,SGUAZERRO P.Migration of seismic data by phase shift plus interpolations[J].Geophysics,1984,49(1):124-131.
[3]姚忠瑞,王延光,乔玉雷,等.三维VSP非固定相移叠前深度偏移研究[J].油气地球物理,2008,6(1):28-30,37.YAO Zhong-rui,WANG Yan-guang,QIAO Yu-lei,et al.The research of 3D VSP variable phase-shift prestack depth migra-tion[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2008,6(1):28-30,37.
[4]DILLION P B.Veltical seismic profile migration using the Kirchhoff intergral[J].Geophysics,1988,53(4):786-799.
[5]WIGGINS J W.Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data[J].Geophysics,1984,49(6):139-1248.
[6]ALKHALIFAH T.Gaussian beam depth migration for anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1995,60(5):1474-1484.
[7]GRAYSH.Gaussian beam migration of common-shot records[J].Geophysics,2005,70(4):71-77.
[8]董良国,马在田,曹景钟,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理,2000,43(3):411-419.DONG Liang-guo,MA Zai-tian,CAO Jing-zhong,et al.A staggered high-order difference method of one-order elastic waveequation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):411-419.
[9]BERFENGER J P.A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetics waves[J].Journal Computation Physics,1994,114(2):185-200.
[10]何兵寿,张会星.多分量波场的矢量法叠前深度偏移技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):369-374.HE Bing-shou,ZHANG Hui-xing.Vector prestack depth migration of multi-component wavefield[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2006,41(4):369-374.
[2]GAZDAG J,SGUAZERRO P.Migration of seismic data by phase shift plus interpolations[J].Geophysics,1984,49(1):124-131.
[3]姚忠瑞,王延光,乔玉雷,等.三维VSP非固定相移叠前深度偏移研究[J].油气地球物理,2008,6(1):28-30,37.YAO Zhong-rui,WANG Yan-guang,QIAO Yu-lei,et al.The research of 3D VSP variable phase-shift prestack depth migra-tion[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2008,6(1):28-30,37.
[4]DILLION P B.Veltical seismic profile migration using the Kirchhoff intergral[J].Geophysics,1988,53(4):786-799.
[5]WIGGINS J W.Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data[J].Geophysics,1984,49(6):139-1248.
[6]ALKHALIFAH T.Gaussian beam depth migration for anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1995,60(5):1474-1484.
[7]GRAYSH.Gaussian beam migration of common-shot records[J].Geophysics,2005,70(4):71-77.
[8]董良国,马在田,曹景钟,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理,2000,43(3):411-419.DONG Liang-guo,MA Zai-tian,CAO Jing-zhong,et al.A staggered high-order difference method of one-order elastic waveequation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):411-419.
[9]BERFENGER J P.A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetics waves[J].Journal Computation Physics,1994,114(2):185-200.
[10]何兵寿,张会星.多分量波场的矢量法叠前深度偏移技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):369-374.HE Bing-shou,ZHANG Hui-xing.Vector prestack depth migration of multi-component wavefield[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2006,41(4):369-374.
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