新时期公众对地震谣言的认知状况分析
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摘要
通过对北京地区不同阶层人群的防震减灾科普知识、需求及科普形式创新调查数据的定量分析,以及对2008年汶川地震发生后政府成功制止谣言的传播和2010年山西部分地区地震谣言传播事件进行的分析,阐述了地震谣言产生和传播的社会基础以及政府危机传播策略在地震谣言事件中存在的问题。防震减灾科普知识的匮乏以及对地震部门工作的不了解导致公众对地震谣言的识别能力低下;媒体对地震知识的概念混淆,使得高知人群更容易对国内地震预报工作产生误解;政府仅仅通过单一媒体对地震谣言进行简单的辟谣,效果将会非常有限。
By quantitative analysis on investigation data on understanding,demands and popularization form for scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation and reduction,and analysis on 2 earthquake rumor events,as the successful response of the government to the rumor during 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the earthquake rumor incidents in parts of Shanxi in 2010,two points are explained: the social foundation of generation and dissemination of earthquake rumors and problems existed in responses and measures of the government in case of earthquake rumors.The identification ability of the public on earthquake rumors is lowered for lack of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster prevention and misunderstanding of the internal work of the earthquake administrations.That the media's confusion of the concept of earthquake knowledge made it possible for the senior intellectual group to misunderstand seismic prediction of the domestic;It is inefficient for the government to refute earthquake rumor only through a single media.
By quantitative analysis on investigation data on understanding,demands and popularization form for scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation and reduction,and analysis on 2 earthquake rumor events,as the successful response of the government to the rumor during 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the earthquake rumor incidents in parts of Shanxi in 2010,two points are explained: the social foundation of generation and dissemination of earthquake rumors and problems existed in responses and measures of the government in case of earthquake rumors.The identification ability of the public on earthquake rumors is lowered for lack of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster prevention and misunderstanding of the internal work of the earthquake administrations.That the media's confusion of the concept of earthquake knowledge made it possible for the senior intellectual group to misunderstand seismic prediction of the domestic;It is inefficient for the government to refute earthquake rumor only through a single media.
引文
[1]孙嘉卿,金盛华,曹慎慎.灾难后谣言传播心理的定性分析——以“5.12汶川地震”谣言为例[J].心理科学进展,2009,17(3):603.
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[2]李强.地震谣言与地震误传的社会心理学分析[D].天津:南开大学,1998:8.
[3]孙振凯,苗崇刚,顾建华,等.近年来我国地震谣言的起因及对策[J].国际地震动态,2001(1):12-17.
[4]李三练.地震预报的发布与地震谣言的鉴别[J].城市与减灾,2010(2):2-4.
[5]董竞.试论政府公共危机信息传播机制的构建与完善[D].北京:首都经贸大学,2006.
[6]邹文卫,洪银屏,谭阳,等.地震灾害应急知识读本[M].北京:科学普及出版社,2010:11-12.
[7]王芳.危机传播经典案例透析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2010.
[8]王凤,袁志祥.从山西地震谣传事件看地方政府的公关危机[J].高原地震,2011,23(2):60-62.
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