地震储集层预测技术在不同勘探开发阶段的应用
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摘要
地震储集层预测的基本内容可以归结为岩相预测、岩性预测、物性预测及含油气性预测。油气勘探开发全过程分为预探、评价、产能建设与油气生产阶段,由于地质背景、勘探程度、资料基础以及需求的不同,不同阶段采用的地震储集层预测技术差异较大。在预探阶段,地震储集层预测的作用是查明地层纵向总体情况和沉积体系平面分布的关系,结合钻井资料建立已发现油气藏的宏观概念;在评价阶段,地震储集层预测的作用是预测岩相、岩性、储集层物性、含油气性,为形成开发设计方案提供依据;在产能建设与油气生产阶段,要通过地震储集层预测精细刻画储集层并描述其性质,以预测剩余油分布范围,为开发调整提供依据。对各阶段应用的地震储集层预测技术及其难点进行了简要综述。参18
The basic content of seismic reservoir prediction covers a large prediction range from petrofacies,lithology,petrophysics,to oil and gas distribution.The whole process of petroleum exploration and development includes preliminary exploration,evaluation,productivity establishment and production.Due to different geological background,exploration level,basic information,and demands,there are relatively large differences in application of seismic reservoir prediction techniques.In the preliminary exploration stage,the function of seismic reservoir prediction is to investigate the vertical structure of strata and the sedimentary system,and to set up the macro concept of proven reservoirs on the base of well data.In the evaluation stage,the seismic reservoir prediction technique is applied to predict petrofacies,lithology,petrophysics of the reservoir,and hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics,and to supply bases for designing the development program.In the productivity establishment and oil/gas production stage,seismic reservoir prediction is utilized to depict the reservoir,to predict the residual oil distribution and to provide foundation for development plan adjustment.Seismic reservoir prediction techniques and the difficulties in application on various stages are analyzed comprehensively.
The basic content of seismic reservoir prediction covers a large prediction range from petrofacies,lithology,petrophysics,to oil and gas distribution.The whole process of petroleum exploration and development includes preliminary exploration,evaluation,productivity establishment and production.Due to different geological background,exploration level,basic information,and demands,there are relatively large differences in application of seismic reservoir prediction techniques.In the preliminary exploration stage,the function of seismic reservoir prediction is to investigate the vertical structure of strata and the sedimentary system,and to set up the macro concept of proven reservoirs on the base of well data.In the evaluation stage,the seismic reservoir prediction technique is applied to predict petrofacies,lithology,petrophysics of the reservoir,and hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics,and to supply bases for designing the development program.In the productivity establishment and oil/gas production stage,seismic reservoir prediction is utilized to depict the reservoir,to predict the residual oil distribution and to provide foundation for development plan adjustment.Seismic reservoir prediction techniques and the difficulties in application on various stages are analyzed comprehensively.
引文
[1]赵政璋.储集层预测理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.(ZHAO Zheng-zhang.Theory and application of seismic reservoirprediction[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.)
[2]刘书会,张繁昌,印兴耀,等.砂砾岩储集层的地震反演方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):124-125,128.(LIU Shu-hui,ZHANG Fan-chang,YIN Xing-yao,et al.Seismic inversion forgranule gravel reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2003,30(3):124-125,128.)
[3]谢增业,田世澄,单秀琴,等.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气富集成藏特征及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):31-34.(XIE Zeng-ye,TIAN Shi-cheng,SHAN Xiu-qin,et al.Featuresof gas accumulation and exploration foreground in oolitic reservoirof Feixianguan Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2005,32(2):31-34.)
[4]张抗,王大锐,Huff G Bryan.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系油气藏储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):123-126.(ZHANG Kang,WANG Da-rui,Huff G Bryan.Reservoircharacterization of the Odovician oil and gas pools in the TaheOilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(1):123-126.)
[5]杨金龙,罗静兰.塔河地区二叠系火山岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(4):44-47.(YANG Jin-long,LUO Jing-lan.Permia volcanic reservoirs in the Tahe region[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(4):44-47.)
[6]甘立灯,姚逢昌,郑晓东,等.非常规储集层地震横向预测的一种方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):65-68.(GAN Li-deng,YAO Feng-chang,ZHENG Xiao-dong,et al.A method ofseismic transverse prediction for unusual reservoir[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2000,27(2):65-68.)
[7]张学芳,董月昌,慎国强,等.曲线重构技术在测井约束反演中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):70-72.(ZHANG Xue-fang,DONG Yue-chang,SHEN Guo-qiang,et al.Application oflog rebuilding technique in constrain inversion[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2005,32(3):70-72.)
[8]姚逢昌,甘利灯.地震反演的应用与限制[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):53-57.(YAO Feng-chang,GAN Li-deng.Applications and limits of seimic inversion[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2000,27(2):53-57.)
[9]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.苏里格气田地震预测技术效果分析及对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):63-67.(ZENG Zhong,YAN Shi-xin,WEI Xiu-cheng,et al.Analysis andcountermeasurement of seismic prediction in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):63-67.)
[10]王志章,石占中.现代油藏描述技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.(WANG Zhi-zhang,SHI Zhan-zhong.Modernreservoir characterization technology[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999.)
[11]Sandra K,Raeuchle D S,Hamilton M,et al.Integrating 3-Dseismic imaging and seismic attribute analysis with geneticstratigraphy:implications for infield reserve growth and fieldextension[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(9):1338-1339.
[12]William E,Galloway.Clastic depositional systems and sequence:Application to reservoir prediction,delineation andcharacterization[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(2):173-180.
[13]Partyka G A,Gridley J M,Lopez J.Interpretational applicationsof spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J].TheLeading Edge,1999,18(3):353-360.
[14]庄博,刘玉琴.三维可视化技术在陈家庄地区砂砾岩储集层描述中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):64-66.(ZHUANGBo,LIU Yu-qin.Application of 3D visualization on sandstonereservoir description in the Chenjiazhuang Area,JiyangDepression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):64-66.)
[15]张勇,宋维琪.基于储集层地质模式用多种地震属性参数预测砂体含油气性[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,26(4):60-63.(ZHANGYong,SONG Wei-qi.Using seismic multi-attributes to predict oiland gas based reservoir geological pattern[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2001,26(4):60-63.)
[16]王西文.精细地震解释技术在油田开发中后期的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(6):58-61.(WANG Xi-wen.Technique andapplication of precise seismic interpretation in the layerdevolopment stage of oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2004,31(6):58-61.)
[17]李阳,王端平,刘建民.陆相水驱油藏剩余油富集区研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):91-96.(LI Yang,WANG Duan-ping,LIU Jian-min.Remaining oil enrichment areas in continentalwaterflooding reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2005,32(3):91-96.)
[18]刘雯林.油气田开发地震技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.(LIU Wen-lin.Seismic technology of development of oiland gas field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.)
[2]刘书会,张繁昌,印兴耀,等.砂砾岩储集层的地震反演方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):124-125,128.(LIU Shu-hui,ZHANG Fan-chang,YIN Xing-yao,et al.Seismic inversion forgranule gravel reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2003,30(3):124-125,128.)
[3]谢增业,田世澄,单秀琴,等.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气富集成藏特征及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):31-34.(XIE Zeng-ye,TIAN Shi-cheng,SHAN Xiu-qin,et al.Featuresof gas accumulation and exploration foreground in oolitic reservoirof Feixianguan Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2005,32(2):31-34.)
[4]张抗,王大锐,Huff G Bryan.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系油气藏储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):123-126.(ZHANG Kang,WANG Da-rui,Huff G Bryan.Reservoircharacterization of the Odovician oil and gas pools in the TaheOilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(1):123-126.)
[5]杨金龙,罗静兰.塔河地区二叠系火山岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(4):44-47.(YANG Jin-long,LUO Jing-lan.Permia volcanic reservoirs in the Tahe region[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(4):44-47.)
[6]甘立灯,姚逢昌,郑晓东,等.非常规储集层地震横向预测的一种方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):65-68.(GAN Li-deng,YAO Feng-chang,ZHENG Xiao-dong,et al.A method ofseismic transverse prediction for unusual reservoir[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2000,27(2):65-68.)
[7]张学芳,董月昌,慎国强,等.曲线重构技术在测井约束反演中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):70-72.(ZHANG Xue-fang,DONG Yue-chang,SHEN Guo-qiang,et al.Application oflog rebuilding technique in constrain inversion[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2005,32(3):70-72.)
[8]姚逢昌,甘利灯.地震反演的应用与限制[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):53-57.(YAO Feng-chang,GAN Li-deng.Applications and limits of seimic inversion[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2000,27(2):53-57.)
[9]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.苏里格气田地震预测技术效果分析及对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):63-67.(ZENG Zhong,YAN Shi-xin,WEI Xiu-cheng,et al.Analysis andcountermeasurement of seismic prediction in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):63-67.)
[10]王志章,石占中.现代油藏描述技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.(WANG Zhi-zhang,SHI Zhan-zhong.Modernreservoir characterization technology[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999.)
[11]Sandra K,Raeuchle D S,Hamilton M,et al.Integrating 3-Dseismic imaging and seismic attribute analysis with geneticstratigraphy:implications for infield reserve growth and fieldextension[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(9):1338-1339.
[12]William E,Galloway.Clastic depositional systems and sequence:Application to reservoir prediction,delineation andcharacterization[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(2):173-180.
[13]Partyka G A,Gridley J M,Lopez J.Interpretational applicationsof spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J].TheLeading Edge,1999,18(3):353-360.
[14]庄博,刘玉琴.三维可视化技术在陈家庄地区砂砾岩储集层描述中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):64-66.(ZHUANGBo,LIU Yu-qin.Application of 3D visualization on sandstonereservoir description in the Chenjiazhuang Area,JiyangDepression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):64-66.)
[15]张勇,宋维琪.基于储集层地质模式用多种地震属性参数预测砂体含油气性[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,26(4):60-63.(ZHANGYong,SONG Wei-qi.Using seismic multi-attributes to predict oiland gas based reservoir geological pattern[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2001,26(4):60-63.)
[16]王西文.精细地震解释技术在油田开发中后期的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(6):58-61.(WANG Xi-wen.Technique andapplication of precise seismic interpretation in the layerdevolopment stage of oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2004,31(6):58-61.)
[17]李阳,王端平,刘建民.陆相水驱油藏剩余油富集区研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):91-96.(LI Yang,WANG Duan-ping,LIU Jian-min.Remaining oil enrichment areas in continentalwaterflooding reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2005,32(3):91-96.)
[18]刘雯林.油气田开发地震技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.(LIU Wen-lin.Seismic technology of development of oiland gas field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.)
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