施甸盆地三维地震动研究
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摘要
本文利用三维施甸盆地模型以及川滇地区的地壳速度结构,采用谱元法和并行计算技术,考虑地形的影响,模拟了盆地外围中等设定地震作用下施甸盆地地震波的传播,分析了面波的产生和传播,研究了该盆地不同位置剖面地震动的差异和原因。研究表明,小型盆地在中等地震的作用下盆地内部地震动空间差异很大,盆地中较深的小型凹陷更容易汇聚面波,形成更强的振动,位于覆盖层厚度剧烈变化区域的地震动强度也会很大,甚至大于覆盖层厚的区域。较基岩地震动,盆地内地震动持续时间明显增加,地震动的放大作用明显,这也是盆地震害严重的主要原因之一。
Based on three-dimensional Shidian basin model and crust velocity structure of Sichuan-Yunan region,and considering the real topography,the seismic wave propagation of Shidian basin under moderate scenario earthquake is simulated by using spectral-element method and parallel computing technique.The generation and the propagation of surface waves are analyzed in this paper,and the ground motion of different profiles in the basin are compared and analyzed.Results show that for small-scale basin,the spatial discrepancy of basin-internal ground motion is considerable,little but deep hollow in the basin is easy to collect surface waves and produce much stronger ground motion.The area located in the drastic change of soil depth is also predominant for strong ground motion,which is even stronger than that of the area with greatest soil depth.Compared with the base rock the duration of ground motion increases significantly in the basin,and the amplification effect is more apparent.This is a main reason for the severe earthquake damage in the basin.
Based on three-dimensional Shidian basin model and crust velocity structure of Sichuan-Yunan region,and considering the real topography,the seismic wave propagation of Shidian basin under moderate scenario earthquake is simulated by using spectral-element method and parallel computing technique.The generation and the propagation of surface waves are analyzed in this paper,and the ground motion of different profiles in the basin are compared and analyzed.Results show that for small-scale basin,the spatial discrepancy of basin-internal ground motion is considerable,little but deep hollow in the basin is easy to collect surface waves and produce much stronger ground motion.The area located in the drastic change of soil depth is also predominant for strong ground motion,which is even stronger than that of the area with greatest soil depth.Compared with the base rock the duration of ground motion increases significantly in the basin,and the amplification effect is more apparent.This is a main reason for the severe earthquake damage in the basin.
引文
[1]刘启方,李雪强,孙平善.施甸盆地三维速度结构模型研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(3):88-96.LIU Qifang,LI Xueqiang,SUN Pingshan.Study on the 3-D velocity model of Shidian Basin[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engi-neering Vibration,2013,33(3):88-96.(in Chinese)
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[3]Bard P Y,Bouchon M.The seismic response of sediment-filled valleys.Part 2.The case of incident SH waves[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1980,70(5):1921-1941.
[4]Kawase H,Aki K.A study on the response of a soft basin for incident S,P,and Rayleigh waves with special reference to the long duration ob-served in Mexico City[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1989,79(5):1361-1382.
[5]Wald D J,Graves R W.The seismic response of the Los Angeles basin,California[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2):337-356.
[6]Olsen K B.Site amplification in the Los Angeles Basin from Three-dimensional modeling of ground motion[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2000,90(6B):S77-S94.
[7]Komatitsch D,Qinya Liu,Tromp J,et al.Simulations of ground motion in the Los Angeles Basin based upon the spectral-element method[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2004,94(1):187-206.
[8]Lee S J,Chen H W,Huang B S.Simulations of strong ground motion and 3D amplification effect in the Taipei Basin by using a composite Grid fi-nite-difference method[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2008,98(3):1229-1242.
[9]Pitarka A,Irikura K,Iwata T,et al.Three-dimensional simulation of the near-fault ground motion for the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu(Kobe),Ja-pan,earthquake[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2):428-440.
[10]Kawase H.The cause of the damage belt in Kobe:“the basin-edge effect,”constructive interference of the direct S-wave with the basin-InducedDiffracted/Rayleigh waves[J].Seismological Research Letters,1996,67(5):25-34.
[11]Graves R W,Pitarka A,Somerville P G.Ground-motion amplification in the Santa Monica area:Effects of shallow basin-edge structure[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88(5):1224-1242.
[12]Somerville P G.Emerging Ar:t“arthquake ground motion[J].Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics III,ASCE GeotechnicalSpecial Publication,1998,75:1-38.
[13]王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉,等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(1):1-16.WANG Chunyong,MOONEY W D,WANG Xili,et al.Study on 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(1):1-16.(in Chinese)
[14]刘启方,金星,丁海平.复杂场地条件下震源参数对断层附近长周期地震动的影响[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):186-196.LIU Qifang,JIN Xing,DING Haiping.Effects of the source parameters on long period near-fault ground motion in the case of complex site condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1):186-196.(in Chinese)
[15]Komatitsch D,Vilotte J P.The spectral element method:An efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D geological structures[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am,1998,88:368-392.
[16]Komatitsch D,Vilotte J P,et a1.The spectral element method for elastic wave equations Application to 2-D and 3-D seismic problems[J].Int.J.Numer.Meth.Engng,1999,45:1139-1164.
[17]Komatitsch D,Tromp J.Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation[J].Geophys.J.Int,1999,139:806-822.
[18]Komatitsch D,Barnes C,Tromp J.Simulation of anisotropic wave propagation based upon a spectral element method[J].Geophysics,2000,65:1251-1260.
[19]Komatitsch D,Barnes C,Tromp J.Wave propagation near a fluid-solid interface:A spectral-element approach[J].Geophysics,2000,65:623-631.
[2]Bard P Y,Bouchon M.The seismic response of sediment-filled valleys.Part 1.The case of incident SH waves[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1980,70(4):1263-1286.
[3]Bard P Y,Bouchon M.The seismic response of sediment-filled valleys.Part 2.The case of incident SH waves[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1980,70(5):1921-1941.
[4]Kawase H,Aki K.A study on the response of a soft basin for incident S,P,and Rayleigh waves with special reference to the long duration ob-served in Mexico City[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1989,79(5):1361-1382.
[5]Wald D J,Graves R W.The seismic response of the Los Angeles basin,California[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2):337-356.
[6]Olsen K B.Site amplification in the Los Angeles Basin from Three-dimensional modeling of ground motion[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2000,90(6B):S77-S94.
[7]Komatitsch D,Qinya Liu,Tromp J,et al.Simulations of ground motion in the Los Angeles Basin based upon the spectral-element method[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2004,94(1):187-206.
[8]Lee S J,Chen H W,Huang B S.Simulations of strong ground motion and 3D amplification effect in the Taipei Basin by using a composite Grid fi-nite-difference method[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2008,98(3):1229-1242.
[9]Pitarka A,Irikura K,Iwata T,et al.Three-dimensional simulation of the near-fault ground motion for the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu(Kobe),Ja-pan,earthquake[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2):428-440.
[10]Kawase H.The cause of the damage belt in Kobe:“the basin-edge effect,”constructive interference of the direct S-wave with the basin-InducedDiffracted/Rayleigh waves[J].Seismological Research Letters,1996,67(5):25-34.
[11]Graves R W,Pitarka A,Somerville P G.Ground-motion amplification in the Santa Monica area:Effects of shallow basin-edge structure[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88(5):1224-1242.
[12]Somerville P G.Emerging Ar:t“arthquake ground motion[J].Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics III,ASCE GeotechnicalSpecial Publication,1998,75:1-38.
[13]王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉,等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(1):1-16.WANG Chunyong,MOONEY W D,WANG Xili,et al.Study on 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(1):1-16.(in Chinese)
[14]刘启方,金星,丁海平.复杂场地条件下震源参数对断层附近长周期地震动的影响[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):186-196.LIU Qifang,JIN Xing,DING Haiping.Effects of the source parameters on long period near-fault ground motion in the case of complex site condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1):186-196.(in Chinese)
[15]Komatitsch D,Vilotte J P.The spectral element method:An efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D geological structures[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am,1998,88:368-392.
[16]Komatitsch D,Vilotte J P,et a1.The spectral element method for elastic wave equations Application to 2-D and 3-D seismic problems[J].Int.J.Numer.Meth.Engng,1999,45:1139-1164.
[17]Komatitsch D,Tromp J.Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation[J].Geophys.J.Int,1999,139:806-822.
[18]Komatitsch D,Barnes C,Tromp J.Simulation of anisotropic wave propagation based upon a spectral element method[J].Geophysics,2000,65:1251-1260.
[19]Komatitsch D,Barnes C,Tromp J.Wave propagation near a fluid-solid interface:A spectral-element approach[J].Geophysics,2000,65:623-631.
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