起伏地表煤田地震资料静校正
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摘要
由于地表起伏和近地表结构变化产生的静校正问题严重影响了煤田地震资料的成像质量.为此,首先利用低速带分片拟合的广义线性反演技术进行折射波静校正,解决长波长静校正问题和部分短波长静校正问题,然后,利用叠加能量最大静校正技术进一步解决剩余静校正问题,最后,利用非地表一致性剩余时差校正技术,解决速度和射线等误差引起的非地表一致性剩余时差问题.实验结果表明,在以串连的方式应用了三种校正方法之后,在共炮点道集上,折射波同相轴的线性形态得到了恢复;在动校正后的共中心点道集上,煤层反射的双曲线同相轴被拉平;在叠加剖面上,煤层反射的信噪比得到了改善.
The imaging quality of coalbed seismic data is greatly degraded by static time shift resulted from relief surface and structural variation of near-surface layers. To solve the problems, firstly, the generalized linear inversion refraction static correction based on piecewise fitting of weathered zone is applied to correct long wave-length statics and a part of short wave-length statics. Then, the residual statics are further corrected by the stack-power maximization static correction method. Finally, the non-surface-consistent residual moveout correction is used to correct the residual moveouts resulted from the errors of velocity and ray path. The processing results show that after the application of three correction methods in series, the linear refraction events are recovered in shot gathers, the hyperbolic events of coalbed reflection are aligned, and the signal to noise ratio of coalbed reflection is improved in the stack section.
The imaging quality of coalbed seismic data is greatly degraded by static time shift resulted from relief surface and structural variation of near-surface layers. To solve the problems, firstly, the generalized linear inversion refraction static correction based on piecewise fitting of weathered zone is applied to correct long wave-length statics and a part of short wave-length statics. Then, the residual statics are further corrected by the stack-power maximization static correction method. Finally, the non-surface-consistent residual moveout correction is used to correct the residual moveouts resulted from the errors of velocity and ray path. The processing results show that after the application of three correction methods in series, the linear refraction events are recovered in shot gathers, the hyperbolic events of coalbed reflection are aligned, and the signal to noise ratio of coalbed reflection is improved in the stack section.
引文
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[20] 王振华,袁明生,阎玉魁.复杂地表条件下的静校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5) ;488-500． Wang Z H, Yuan M S, Yan Y K. Method of static correction s under complex nearsurface [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003, 38(5) :488-500．
[21] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,朱铉,等.若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :743-749． Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S, Zhu X,et al. Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(3) : 743-749．
[2] 耿丽娟.新疆哈密戈壁滩区煤层三维地震勘探实践[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :393-397． Gen L J. 3D seismic wave survey for coal layer in Hami desert area of Xinjiang[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005, 20(2) : 393-397．
[3] 吴钦宝,王秀东,宁方助.煤田三维地震勘探的应用及效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :377-380． Wu Q B, Wang X D, Ning F Z. Application and analysis of 3D seismic exploration in coal mine[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005 ,20(2) : 377-380．
[4] 陈同俊,崔若飞,郎玉泉,等.煤田采区三维地震精细构造解释方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :573-578． Chen T J, Cui R F, Lang Y Q, et al. Detail structural interpretation methods of coal 3-D seismic [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007 , 22(2) : 573-578．
[5] 李国发.彭苏萍、何兵寿.等.转换波地震资料处理的关键问题与解决方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(1) :41-45． Li G F, Peng S P, He B S, et al. Key problems and solutions in processing converted-wave seismic data[J]. Journal of China University of Mining &. Technology, 2005, 34(1) : 41-45
[6] 李国发.彭苏萍,何兵寿,等.利用三维地震勘探纵波方位振幅随炮检距的变化检测煤田裂隙[J].科学通报,2005,50(增刊1) :146-150． iI G F, Peng S P. He B S, et al. Detection of coalbeb fractures-with P-wave azimuthal AVO in 3-D seismic exploration[J], Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005, 50(Supp.): 146-150．
[7] 王辉,刘天放.利用时空校正方法做山区地震勘探静校正[J].煤田地质与勘探.2006,34(6) :69-72． Wang H, Liu T F. Static correction in mountainous area using space2time correction method [J]. Coal Geology and Exploration, 2006, 34(6) : 69-72．
[8] 罗银河,董桥梁,俞国柱,等.优化人工神经网络在折射波静校正中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(1) :69-72． Luo Y H, Dong Q L, Yu G Z,et al. The application of optimized artif icial neural network to refraction static correction[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration, 2005, 33(1) :69-72．
[9] 李金花,解团结,刘原英.黄土山区煤田三维地震勘探应用实例[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(3) :54-56． Li J H, Xie T J, Liu Y Y. Loess high country coalfield 3D seismic prospecting example[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2006, 18(3) :54-56．
[10] 张继国,刘连升.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4) :384-386． Zhang J G, Liu L S. Static corrections by f irst breaks tomographic inversion in complex area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2006, 41 (4) :384-386．
[11] 秦亚玲,王彦春,王睿样.一种适合沙漠地区的静校正方法[J].地球物理学进展.2007． 22(6) :1873-1879． Qin Y L, Wang Y C, Wang R X. A method of static correction suitable to the desert area t [J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2007 ,22(6) : 1873-1879
[12] 韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[j].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :475-483． HAan X L, Yang C C, Ma S H, et al. Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas [J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2008, 23(2) : 475-483．
[13] 孙明,夏斌,林君.广义线性反演初至折射静校技术在金属矿区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :545-551． Song M, Xia B, Lin J. Technique of GLI first-break refraction statics corrections and its application in met al deposit[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008,23 (2) :545-551
[147] 林依华,张中杰,尹成.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) :101-106． Lin Y H, Zhang Z J, Yi C. Hybrid optimization of static estimation in complex topography [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2003, 46(1) : 101-106．
[15] 井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1460-1466． Jing X L, Yang C C.A dual-scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2006,49(5) :1460-1466．
[16] Ronen J, Claerbout J F. Surface-consistent residual statics estimation by stack-power maximization [J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50(12) :2759-2767．
[17] 王红落,陈中州,常旭.波动方程基准面延拓研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004． 19(2) :230-234． Wang H L, Chen Z Z, Chang X. The recent progress in wave-equation datuming [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2004, 19(2) :230-234
[18] 刘伊克,常旭,王辉,等.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2) :272-278． Liu Y K, Chang X, Wang H, et al. Estimation of near-surface velocity and seismic tomographic static correction[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2001,44(2) :272-278．
[19] Hampson D, Russell B. First-break interpretation using generalized linear inversion [J]. Journal of the Canadian society of exploration geophysicist, 1984, 20:40-50．
[20] 王振华,袁明生,阎玉魁.复杂地表条件下的静校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5) ;488-500． Wang Z H, Yuan M S, Yan Y K. Method of static correction s under complex nearsurface [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003, 38(5) :488-500．
[21] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,朱铉,等.若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :743-749． Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S, Zhu X,et al. Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(3) : 743-749．
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