采矿诱发地震的震源机制特征——以辽宁省抚顺市老虎台煤矿为例
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摘要
为探索采矿诱发地震(简称矿震)孕育的机理,以抚顺老虎台煤矿为例,基于双力偶点源的震源模型理论,用地震波P波初动方法,求解出27个较强矿震的震源机制。结合区域强地震震源机制解、地方震小震综合断层面解和极近场矿震震源调查,分析矿震的孕育环境。发现老虎台煤矿矿震与该区域天然地震的震源机制差异明显。得出卸荷产生的次生应力场是孕育矿震的主要应力来源、卸荷重力应力场诱发作用突出的结论。对非双力偶型矿震提出了煤柱失稳和顶板较大规模下沉2种新的解释。提出了减轻矿震的途径。
In order to explore the seismogenic mechanism of mining-induced earthquakes, taking for example the Fushun Laohutai coal mine, based on the focal model theory of the double couple point source and by using the P-wave first motion method, the focal mechanisms of 27 stronger mining-induced earthquakes are solved. According to these focal mechanisms, combined with the focal mechanism solution of regional strong earthquakes, composite fault plane solution of natural local small earthquakes and mining-induced earthquake source investigation at the nearest field, the seismogenic conditions of mining-induced earthquakes are analyzed. The authors find that there is appreciable difference in focal mechanism between mining-induced earthquakes in the Laohutai coal mine and natural earthquakes of the region. Thus it is concluded that the secondary stress field produced by unloading is primary stress source inducing mine earthquakes and that unloaded gravity stress field plays a prominent role in inducing the seismogenic process. Two kinds of new explanation of non-double-couple mining-induced earthquakes are advanced: instability of coal pillars and large-scale roof weighting. Ways of reducing mining-induced earthquakes are proposed.
In order to explore the seismogenic mechanism of mining-induced earthquakes, taking for example the Fushun Laohutai coal mine, based on the focal model theory of the double couple point source and by using the P-wave first motion method, the focal mechanisms of 27 stronger mining-induced earthquakes are solved. According to these focal mechanisms, combined with the focal mechanism solution of regional strong earthquakes, composite fault plane solution of natural local small earthquakes and mining-induced earthquake source investigation at the nearest field, the seismogenic conditions of mining-induced earthquakes are analyzed. The authors find that there is appreciable difference in focal mechanism between mining-induced earthquakes in the Laohutai coal mine and natural earthquakes of the region. Thus it is concluded that the secondary stress field produced by unloading is primary stress source inducing mine earthquakes and that unloaded gravity stress field plays a prominent role in inducing the seismogenic process. Two kinds of new explanation of non-double-couple mining-induced earthquakes are advanced: instability of coal pillars and large-scale roof weighting. Ways of reducing mining-induced earthquakes are proposed.
引文
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眼3演张萍,蒋秀琴.岫岩-海城Ms5.4地震序列的震源机制解及应力场特征眼J演.地震地磁观测与研究,2001,22(2):76-82.
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眼8演杨清源,陈献程,胡毓良.诱发地震中的非双力偶震源眼J演.地震地磁观测与研究,1994,15(1):1-5.
眼9演MillerAD,FoulgerGR,JulianBR.非双力偶地震理论(二)眼J演.世界地震译丛,2000,1:1-11.
眼10演MillerAD,FoulgerGR,JulianBR.非双力偶地震观测(三)眼J演.世界地震译丛,2000,2:1-19.
眼2演张萍,蒋秀琴.辽宁地区震源机制解及应力场特征的研究眼J演.东北地震研究,2000,16(1):1-7.
眼3演张萍,蒋秀琴.岫岩-海城Ms5.4地震序列的震源机制解及应力场特征眼J演.地震地磁观测与研究,2001,22(2):76-82.
眼4演张少泉,任振启,张连城,等.中尺度地震预报实验场的思路与方案眼J演.地震学报,1996,18(4):529-537.
眼5演卢良玉,高常波,李天成,等.浑河断裂现今活动性及抚顺城区段的活动特点研究眼J演.东北地震研究,2001,17(2):48-56.
眼6演张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理眼M演.北京:地质出版社,1981郾79-85.
眼7演王贤能,黄润秋.岩石卸荷破坏特征与岩爆效应眼J演.山地研究,1998,16(4):281-285.
眼8演杨清源,陈献程,胡毓良.诱发地震中的非双力偶震源眼J演.地震地磁观测与研究,1994,15(1):1-5.
眼9演MillerAD,FoulgerGR,JulianBR.非双力偶地震理论(二)眼J演.世界地震译丛,2000,1:1-11.
眼10演MillerAD,FoulgerGR,JulianBR.非双力偶地震观测(三)眼J演.世界地震译丛,2000,2:1-19.
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