格栅坝在泥石流防治中的应用——以汶川地震引发的烂泥沟泥石流治理为例
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摘要
受汶川地震影响,四川等地泥石流治理更为迫切。泥石流的暴发具有突发性,在防治工程中,相比实体坝而言,格栅坝是一种节省材料、稳定性更高的拦挡结构,使用范围越来越广,但是目前尚无成熟的格栅坝设计方法。本文参考梳齿坝的已有理论确定了支墩间距的计算方法,并结合已有实验资料提出了格栅坝格栅间距的计算公式,改变了以往不同坝体乃至同一坝内各横梁间距一致的计算方法。另外,因支墩间隔相对较小,以简支模式计算石块对横梁冲击力并不合适,本文基于固定梁模式重新推导了计算公式,其计算结果与简支梁模式比较,数值大了3倍。最后考虑坝体建成后的不同情况,提出了支墩、横梁及两侧翼墙的详细计算工况,并基于以上设计理论,对烂泥沟泥石流治理工程的部分格栅坝进行了具体设计。
Under the influence of Wenchuan earthquake,it is more urgent to prevent and control debris flows in many provinces especially in Sichuan.The outbreak of debris flows has suddenness,now we give first place to its prevention.Compared to solid dams,the grille-dam with material saving and higher stability is used for debris flow disasters mitigation more and more widely.But there is no systematic method for grille-dam design.With reference to the theory for calculating the distance of comb-dam-piers we present a method to calculate the distance between two piers of grille-dam,and put forward a formula to calculate the distance of beams of grille-dam based on the existing experiment data.It changes the calculation situation,in which the distances on beams in different dams or in different parts of the dam are the same. Seeing that the distance between two piers is not large enough,taking the beam of grille-dam as a simply supported beam is not reasonable,we consider the beam to be a fixed beam and calculate the force caused by the big stone's impact on the beam.The result from this mode is 3 times larger than that from simply supported beam mode.Finally,considering different situations of the dam after construction,detailed calculation condition for pier,beam and side dam of the grille-dam is presented,and on the basis of the design theory mentioned above,the design of control project of Lanni Gully debris flow is carried out.
Under the influence of Wenchuan earthquake,it is more urgent to prevent and control debris flows in many provinces especially in Sichuan.The outbreak of debris flows has suddenness,now we give first place to its prevention.Compared to solid dams,the grille-dam with material saving and higher stability is used for debris flow disasters mitigation more and more widely.But there is no systematic method for grille-dam design.With reference to the theory for calculating the distance of comb-dam-piers we present a method to calculate the distance between two piers of grille-dam,and put forward a formula to calculate the distance of beams of grille-dam based on the existing experiment data.It changes the calculation situation,in which the distances on beams in different dams or in different parts of the dam are the same. Seeing that the distance between two piers is not large enough,taking the beam of grille-dam as a simply supported beam is not reasonable,we consider the beam to be a fixed beam and calculate the force caused by the big stone's impact on the beam.The result from this mode is 3 times larger than that from simply supported beam mode.Finally,considering different situations of the dam after construction,detailed calculation condition for pier,beam and side dam of the grille-dam is presented,and on the basis of the design theory mentioned above,the design of control project of Lanni Gully debris flow is carried out.
引文
[1]Liu Z Q,Sun S Q.The disaster of May 12th Wenchuan earthquake and its influence on debris flows[J].Journal of Geography and Geology,2009,1 (1):26-30.
[2]Lien H P.Design of slit dams for donrtolling stony debris flows[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2003,18(1):74-87.
[3]Teruyoshi Takahara,Kazuki Matsumura.Experimental study of the sediment trap effect of steel grid-type Sabo Dams[J].International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering,2008,1(2):73-78.
[4]李德基.透水型拦挡坝在泥石流防治中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.1997,8(4):60-66. Li D J.The Application of permeable dam in debris flow control[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hezard and Dontrol,1997,8(4):60-66.
[5]Shun Okubo,Hiroshi Ikeya,Yoshiharu Ishikawa,et al.Development of new method for countermeasures against debris flows[J].Lecture Notes in Earth-sciences, 1997,(64):166-185.
[6]詹敏.钢制格栅坝拦截泥石流效果试验研究[J].水土保持应用技术,2007,(4):23-24. Zhan M.Efficiency of steel grid dam against non-viscous debris flow[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,(4):23-24.
[7]水野秀明,水山高久.关于上部狭窄式格栅坝的研究[J].水土保持科技情报,1998,(3):6-10. Hideaki Mizuno,Hisashi Takashi Mizuyama.Study of grille-dam cabined on the top[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,(3):6-10.
[8]水野秀明,南哲行,水山高久.连续配置钢管格栅坝拦截泥石流效果[J].水土保持科技情报,2001,(2):29- 31. Hideaki Mizuno,Nantetsu Line,Hisashi Takashi Mizuyama.Efficiency of grille-dam with steel pipe in a row against debris flow[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,(2):29-31.
[9]DZT0239-2004,泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范[S].
[10]四川省消力电力厅.四川省中小流城暴雨洪水计算手册[M].1984.1-15.
[11]GB 50017-2003,钢结构设计规范[S].
[2]Lien H P.Design of slit dams for donrtolling stony debris flows[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2003,18(1):74-87.
[3]Teruyoshi Takahara,Kazuki Matsumura.Experimental study of the sediment trap effect of steel grid-type Sabo Dams[J].International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering,2008,1(2):73-78.
[4]李德基.透水型拦挡坝在泥石流防治中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.1997,8(4):60-66. Li D J.The Application of permeable dam in debris flow control[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hezard and Dontrol,1997,8(4):60-66.
[5]Shun Okubo,Hiroshi Ikeya,Yoshiharu Ishikawa,et al.Development of new method for countermeasures against debris flows[J].Lecture Notes in Earth-sciences, 1997,(64):166-185.
[6]詹敏.钢制格栅坝拦截泥石流效果试验研究[J].水土保持应用技术,2007,(4):23-24. Zhan M.Efficiency of steel grid dam against non-viscous debris flow[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,(4):23-24.
[7]水野秀明,水山高久.关于上部狭窄式格栅坝的研究[J].水土保持科技情报,1998,(3):6-10. Hideaki Mizuno,Hisashi Takashi Mizuyama.Study of grille-dam cabined on the top[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,(3):6-10.
[8]水野秀明,南哲行,水山高久.连续配置钢管格栅坝拦截泥石流效果[J].水土保持科技情报,2001,(2):29- 31. Hideaki Mizuno,Nantetsu Line,Hisashi Takashi Mizuyama.Efficiency of grille-dam with steel pipe in a row against debris flow[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,(2):29-31.
[9]DZT0239-2004,泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范[S].
[10]四川省消力电力厅.四川省中小流城暴雨洪水计算手册[M].1984.1-15.
[11]GB 50017-2003,钢结构设计规范[S].
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