四川盆地震旦系与中伊朗盆地第三系碳酸盐岩油气成藏比较性研究
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摘要
中国叠合盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏形成的特殊性是学术界和油气勘探部门十分关注的问题。四川盆地上震旦统灯影组是中国叠合盆地最老的碳酸盐岩储集层之一;中伊朗盆地第三系库姆组是世界上极具特色的含陆源碎屑火山碎屑的碳酸盐岩混积地层。四川盆地震旦系较古老,所经历构造演化、成岩过程复杂;而中伊朗盆地库姆组则时代较新,所经历构造演化、成岩过程相对简单。通过对四川盆地丁山1井灯影组碳酸盐岩和中伊朗盆地Arn 1井第三系库姆组碳酸盐岩的比较性研究,发现两者在碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏的形成演化方面,既有共性又有特殊性。就储层而言,共性表现在均为裂缝孔隙型,原生孔隙基本消失殆尽,基质孔隙度较低,非均质性较强;特殊性表现在使灯影组早期储层空间保留至今和使早已致密的碳酸盐岩再次变为优质储层的作用和机理。就油气成藏而言,碳酸盐岩油气藏的形成均需要基本的油气地质条件,同时也均较复杂;不同的是,四川盆地震旦系油气的成藏过程更加复杂,主要表现在四中心(生烃中心、生气中心、储气中心和保气中心)的变迁和耦合。在中国叠合盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探中,应充分引用国外碳酸盐岩的有关成果,研究碳酸盐岩的共有特征;同时,还应重视中国叠合盆地碳酸盐岩储层发育和油气藏形成演化的特殊性。
The particularities of deep carbonate reservoir rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation of superimposed basins in China are a issue which academia and oil and gas exploration organizations concern.The Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin is one of the oldest carbonate reservoir strata of superimposed basins in China.The Tertiary Qom Formation in central Iranian Basin is characteristic diamictic carbonate strata containing terrigenous and volcanic clastics.The Upper Sinian strata in Sichuan Basin are ancient with the experience of complicated tectonic evolution and diagenetic processes.The Qom Formation in central Iranian Basin is young with the experience of relatively simple tectonic evolution and diagenetic processes.Through the comparison between the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation of Well Dingshan 1 in Sichuan Basin and Tertiary Qom Formation of Well Arn 1 in central Iranian Basin,it is found that there are commonness and particularities in the carbonate reservoirs and the formation & evolution of oil-gas pools.For the reservoirs,the commonness is that both of them are fractured-porous carbonate reservoirs with lower matrix porosity and stronger heterogeneity.The particularities of Dengying Formation are the effects and mechanism making the early reservoir spaces preserved up to now and turning the already tight carbonate rocks into high-quality reservoirs.For the hydrocarbon accumulation,the commonness is that basic petroleum geological conditions are needed and processes are complicated for both Dengying Formation and Qom Formation.But the hydrocarbon accumulation process is more complicated for the Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin showing in the migration and coupling relationship between four centers(hydrocarbon generation center,gas generation center,gas storage center,and gas preservation center).Therefore,the deep carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon pools of the superimposed basins in China are particular with the common characteristics of carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon pools in the world.More foreign research outcomes about carbonate reservoirs should be referenced to make out the commonness of the carbonate reservoirs in explorating the oil-gas of superimposed basins in China.At the meantime,more attention should be paid to their particularities.
The particularities of deep carbonate reservoir rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation of superimposed basins in China are a issue which academia and oil and gas exploration organizations concern.The Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin is one of the oldest carbonate reservoir strata of superimposed basins in China.The Tertiary Qom Formation in central Iranian Basin is characteristic diamictic carbonate strata containing terrigenous and volcanic clastics.The Upper Sinian strata in Sichuan Basin are ancient with the experience of complicated tectonic evolution and diagenetic processes.The Qom Formation in central Iranian Basin is young with the experience of relatively simple tectonic evolution and diagenetic processes.Through the comparison between the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation of Well Dingshan 1 in Sichuan Basin and Tertiary Qom Formation of Well Arn 1 in central Iranian Basin,it is found that there are commonness and particularities in the carbonate reservoirs and the formation & evolution of oil-gas pools.For the reservoirs,the commonness is that both of them are fractured-porous carbonate reservoirs with lower matrix porosity and stronger heterogeneity.The particularities of Dengying Formation are the effects and mechanism making the early reservoir spaces preserved up to now and turning the already tight carbonate rocks into high-quality reservoirs.For the hydrocarbon accumulation,the commonness is that basic petroleum geological conditions are needed and processes are complicated for both Dengying Formation and Qom Formation.But the hydrocarbon accumulation process is more complicated for the Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin showing in the migration and coupling relationship between four centers(hydrocarbon generation center,gas generation center,gas storage center,and gas preservation center).Therefore,the deep carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon pools of the superimposed basins in China are particular with the common characteristics of carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon pools in the world.More foreign research outcomes about carbonate reservoirs should be referenced to make out the commonness of the carbonate reservoirs in explorating the oil-gas of superimposed basins in China.At the meantime,more attention should be paid to their particularities.
引文
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[27]马永生,郭彤楼,朱光有,等.硫化氢对碳酸盐储层溶蚀改造作用的模拟实验证据以川东飞仙关组为例[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊Ⅰ):136-141.
[28]钱一雄,TABERNER C,邹森林,等.碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较以塔北和塔中地区为例[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(2):1-7.
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[2]汤良杰,吕修祥,金之钧,等.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气地质特点、战略选区思考及需要解决的主要地质问题[J].地质通报,2006,25(9/10):1032-1035.
[3]王兴志,穆曙光,方少仙,等.四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩成岩过程中的孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):549-554.
[4]孙玮,刘树根,韩克猷,等.四川盆地震旦系油气地质条件及勘探前景分析[J].石油实验地质,2009,30(4):350-355.
[5]张志敬,刘树根,张长俊,等.中伊朗盆地Kashan地区库姆组储层特征研究[J].中国西部油气地质,2007,3(1):58-64.
[6]于俊峰,夏斌,王世虎,等.伊朗盆地卡山地区第三系库姆组碳酸盐岩储层特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(4):378-382.
[7]徐希坤,刘树根,石华星,等.中伊朗盆地Kashan地区油气地质条件研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(3):62-68.
[8]OKHRAVI R,AMINI A.An example of mixed car-bonate-pyroclastic sedimentation(Miocene,CentralBasin,Iran)[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,118(1/2/3/4):37-54.
[9]宋来亮,徐国强,曹忠祥.中伊朗盆地卡尚地区库姆组层序地层研究[J].矿物岩石,2004,24(2):82-87.
[10]葛瑞全,洪太元,冉江龙.伊朗KASHAN区块库姆组碳酸盐岩层序地层特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(5):12-15.
[11]李政,徐兴友,宋来亮,等.伊朗卡山区块原油地球化学特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):130-133.
[12]于俊峰,王世虎,李政,等.伊朗库姆盆地新生代油气成藏地质特征[J].天然气工业,2006,26(1):23-25.
[13]王国芝,刘树根,石华星,等.伊朗Kashan区块库姆组含烃流体来源的地球化学示踪[J].矿物岩石,2009,29(2):72-77.
[14]黄籍中,陈盛吉,宋家荣,等.四川盆地烃源体系与大中型气田形成[J].中国科学:D辑,1996,26(6):504-510.
[15]黄籍中.四川盆地两类两套油系煤系烃源异同与大中型气田形成[J].天然气勘探与开发,1998,21(4):1-12.
[16]戴金星.威远气田成藏期及气源[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(5):473-480.
[17]夏在连,刘树根,王国芝,等.中伊朗盆地卡山地区Aran构造带油气成藏[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(2):24-26.
[18]王世虎,李政,周文,等.伊朗库姆盆地油气成藏机理分析[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(3):236-240.
[19]王世虎,李政,夏斌,等.伊朗卡山地区侏罗系Shem-shak组烃源岩特征研究[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(6):769-772.
[20]许丽,王拥军,李政.伊朗库姆盆地原油地球化学特征[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(2):168-172.
[21]刘树根,马永生,黄文明,等.四川盆地上震旦统灯影组储集层致密化过程研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):485-496.
[22]雷怀彦,朱莲芳.四川盆地震旦系白云岩成因研究[J].沉积学报,1992,10(2):69-78.
[23]王士峰,向芳.资阳地区震旦系灯影组白云岩成因研究[J].岩相古地理,1999,19(3):21-29.
[24]方少仙,侯方浩,董兆雄.上震旦统灯影组中非叠层石生态系蓝细菌白云岩[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):96-105.
[25]王勇.“白云岩问题”与“前寒武纪之谜”研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(8):857-862.
[26]杨威,王清华,赵仁德,等.碳酸盐岩成岩作用及其对储层控制的定量评价以和田河气田石炭系生物屑灰岩段为例[J].地球学报,2001,22(5):441-446.
[27]马永生,郭彤楼,朱光有,等.硫化氢对碳酸盐储层溶蚀改造作用的模拟实验证据以川东飞仙关组为例[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊Ⅰ):136-141.
[28]钱一雄,TABERNER C,邹森林,等.碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较以塔北和塔中地区为例[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(2):1-7.
[29]孙玮.四川盆地元古宇-下古生界天然气藏形成过程和机理研究[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2008.
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