地球深部探测的先锋——深地震反射方法的发展与应用
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摘要
介绍了深反射地震技术的发展与应用状况。深反射地震技术已被国际地学界公认为是研究大陆基底、解决深部地质问题和探测岩石圈精细结构的有效技术手段。自美国于20世纪70年代中期首先利用该技术研究地壳结构深部构造问题并取得良好效果以来,世界各国相继开展了深地震反射研究计划,获得了岩石圈形成与演化、地球深部构造等方面的重要信息,为一些长期争论不休的深部地质构造问题提供了较可靠的地震学依据。由于深反射地震方法具有探测深度大、分辨率高和准确可靠等特点,在今后一段时期,深反射地震技术仍是大陆动力学研究和深部地壳细结构研究的主要手段。
Deep seismic reflection has been accepted as an effective technology for studying continental basement, solving deep geological problems and probing fine structure of lithosphere. In the mid 1970s the technology was successfully applied to study crustal structure and deep structure in USA. Since then many other countries have carried out deep seismic reflection researches. Lots of important information about the form and evolution of lithosphere and deep structure have been obtained. This provides relatively convincing seismic evidences for some controversial deep geologic structure problems. Deep seismic reflection has advantages such as deeper probing depth and higher resolution, it will be the main method in studying of continental dynamics and fine curstal structure.
Deep seismic reflection has been accepted as an effective technology for studying continental basement, solving deep geological problems and probing fine structure of lithosphere. In the mid 1970s the technology was successfully applied to study crustal structure and deep structure in USA. Since then many other countries have carried out deep seismic reflection researches. Lots of important information about the form and evolution of lithosphere and deep structure have been obtained. This provides relatively convincing seismic evidences for some controversial deep geologic structure problems. Deep seismic reflection has advantages such as deeper probing depth and higher resolution, it will be the main method in studying of continental dynamics and fine curstal structure.
引文
1梁慧云,张先康．各国地壳上地幔深地震反射研究计划 与进展[J]．地球物理学进展,1996,11(1):42-60
2 Brown L, Barazangi M, Kaufman S, et al.The first decade of COCORP: 1974 - 1984[A]. In: Barazangi M, Brown L D, eds. AGU reflection seismology: A global perspective[C]. Washington: AGU Geodynam-ics Series,1986. 107-120
3 Oliver J. COCORP probes continental depths[J]. Geo Times, 1993(6): 21-22
4 Clowes RM LITHOPROBE:An integrated approach to studies of crustal evolution[J]. GeoTimes, 1992(8) : 12-14
5 Brun J P, Gustcher M A, DEKORP-ECORS team. Deep crustal structure of the Rhine Groben from DECORP-ECORS seismic reflection data: A summary [J]. Tectonophysics, 1992,208: 139-147
6 Matthews DH,The BIRPS Group. Progress in BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiling around the British Isles[J]. Testonophysics, 1990,173:387-396
7 Bois C, ECORS Scientific Party. Major geodynamic processes studies from the ECORS deep seismic profiles in France and adjacent areas[J]. Tectonophysics, 1990,173: 397-410
8 Moss F J, Mathur S P. A review of continental reflection profiling in Australia [A]. In: Barazangi M, Brown L D, eds. Reflection seismology: A global per-spective[C]. Washington: AGU Geodynamics Series, 1986. 67-76
9腾吉文．中国地球深部地震探测研究序幕[A]．陈颙主 编．地球物理与中国建设[C]．北京:地质出版社, 1997．342-344
10王椿镛．中国岩石圈结构研究的回顾与展望[J]．地球 物理学报,1997,40(增刊):82-109
11 Weng S,Chen H.Zhou X,et al. Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the Lower Yangtze region,eastern China[J]. Tectonophysics,1990,173:299-305
12姚伯初．Hayes D E,曾维军,等．南海北部陆缘东部 的地壳结构[J]．地球物理学报,1994,37(1):27～35
13姚伯初,Hayes D E,曾维军,等．南海北部陆缘西部 的地壳结构[J]．海洋学报,1994,16(3):86-93
14袁学诚,徐明才,唐文榜,等．东秦岭陆壳反射地震剖面 [J]．地球物理学报,1994,37(6):749-758
15赵文津,Nelson K D,纳尔逊．印度板块俯冲到藏南之 下的深反射证据[J]．地球学报,1996,17(2):131-137
16赵文津,Nelson K D,Brown L D,等．喜马拉雅和西藏 高原深地震反射剖面(INDEPTH)概况[J]．地球物理 学报,1993,36(1):124-124
17赵文津,Nelson K D,高锐,等．喜马拉雅和西藏高原深地震反射剖面的初步成果[J]．地球物理学报,1993, 36(1):125～125
18吴宣志,吴春玲,卢杰,等．利用深地震反射剖面研究北 祁连-河西走廊地壳细结构[J]．地球物理学报,1995, 38(S2):29～35
19高锐,董树文,贺日政,等．莫霍面地震反射图像揭露出 扬子陆块深俯冲过程[J]．地学前缘,2004,11(3):43- 49
20高锐,李秋生,赵越,等．燕山造山带深地震反射剖面 启动探测研究[J]．地质通报,2002,21(12):905～906
21陆涵行,曾融生,郭建明,等．唐山震区深反射剖面分析 [J]．地球物理学报,1988,31(1):27-36
22曾融生,陆涵行,丁志峰．从地震折射和反射剖面讨论 唐山地震成因[J]．地球物理学报,1988,31(4):383～ 398
23王椿镛,王贵美,林中洋,等．用深地震反射方法研究邢 台地震区地壳细结构[J]．地球物理学报．1993,36(4): 445-452
24王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举．冀中坳陷内深地震反射剖面 揭示的滑脱构造[J]．科学通报,1994,39(7):625～628
25王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等．华北盆地滑脱构造的地震 学证据[J]．地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613～620
26张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋,等．延庆-怀来地区地壳细结 构——利用深地震反射剖面[J]．地球物理学报,1996, 39(3):356～364
27王椿镛,楼海,魏修成,等．天山北缘的地壳结构和 1906年玛纳斯地震的地震构造[J]．地震学报,2001, 23(5):460～470
28傅维洲,杨宝俊,刘财．中国满洲里-绥芬河地学断面 地震学研究[J]．长春科技大学学报,1998,28(2): 206～212
29杨宝俊,刘财,周辉,等．用近垂直反射地震资料研究安 达-肇州-哈尔滨断面域地壳结构[A]．金旭,杨宝俊 主编．中国满洲里-绥芬河地学断面地球物理场及深 部构造特征研究[C]．北京:地震出版社,1994．100～ 113
30高锐,吴功建．青藏高原亚东-格尔木地学断面地球物 理综合解释模型与现今地球物理动力学过程[J]．长春 地质学院学报,1995,25(3):241～250
31高锐,黄东定,卢德源,等．横过西昆仑-塔里木接触带 深反射地震剖面[J]．科学通报,2000,45(17):1874- 1879
32高锐,肖序常,刘训,等．新疆地学断面深地震反射剖面 揭示德西昆仑-塔里木结合带岩石圈细结构[J]．地球 学报,2001,22(6):547～569
33 Zhao W J,Nelson K D. Project Team,Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet[J]. Nature,1993,366:557-559
34赵文津,Nelosn K D,车敬凯,等．深反射地震揭示喜 玛拉雅地区地壳上地幔的复杂结构[J]．地球物理学 报,1996,39(5):615-628
35 Gao Rui, Huang Dongding.Lu Deyuan,et al. Deep seismic reflection profiles across contact zone of West Kunlun and Tarim basin along the Xinjiang geotransect in NW Chin[J]. Terra Nostra,1999,2(99) :49-50
36 Gao Rui, Huang Dongding, Lu Deyuan, et al. Deep seismic reflection profiles across juncture zone between Tarim basin and west Kunlun Mountain[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(17) :1 874-1 849
37 Yuan X C, Klemperper S L, Teng W B, et al. Crustal structure and exhumation of the Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure orogen,eastern China, from seismic reflection profiling [A]. Beijing: Proceedings for International UHPM Workshop,2002.13
38 Yuan X C, Klemperper S L, Teng W B,et al. Crustal structure and exhumation of the Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure orogen,eastern China,from seismic reflection profiling[J]. Geology,2003,31:435-438
39 Dewey J, Kempton M, Kidd W, et al. Shortening of continental lithosphere: The neotectonics of Eastern Analolia-a young collision zone[A]. In: Coward M, Ries A, eds. Collision tectonics[C]. London: Black-well scientific publication, 1986. 3-36
40 Bois C. Geological significance of seismic reflections in collision belts[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:55-69
41 Meissner R,Wever Th,Sadowiak P. Continental collisions and seismic signature[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:15-23
42 Meissner R Rupture creep, lamellae and crocodiles happenings in the continental crust[J]. Tera Nova, 1989,1:17-28
43吴福元,张世红．深反射地震调查对大地构造学的贡献 [J]．世界地质,1994,13(1):117-127
44 Cheadle M J,Czuchra B L,Ando C J,et al. Geometries of deep crustal faults: Evidence from the COCORP Mojave survey[A]. In:Barazangi M, Brown L D.eds. Reflection seismology: The continental crust [ C ]. Washington: AGU Geodynamics series, 1986. 305-312
45 Feng R, McErilly T V. Interpretation of seismic reflection profiling data for the structure of the San Andreas Fault zone[J]. The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1983, 73:1701 -1720
46 Meissner R,Wever T. Nature and development of the crust according to deep reflection data from the German Variscides[A]. In: Barazangi M, Brown L D, eds. Reflection seismology: A global perspective[C]. Washington: AGU Geodynamics Series, 1986.31-42
47 Hale L D,Thompson S A. The seismic reflection character of the continental Mohorovicic discontinuity[J]. Jornal of Geophysical Research,1982,87:4 625-4 635
48 Allmendinger R W,Nelson K D, Potter C J, et al. Deep seismic reflection characteristics of the continental crust [J]. Geology, 1987,15:304-310
49 Nelson K D. A Unfied view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep seismic reflection and refraction results[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:25-35
50 Brown L D, Wille D M, Zheng L, et al. COCORP: New perspectives on the deep crust[J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1987,89: 47-54
51 Hammer PTC, Clowes R T. Moho reflectivity patterns: A comparison of Canadian LITHOPROBE Tran-sects[J]. Tectonophysics,1997,269:179-198
52彭聪,赵一鸣．中国东部含金矽卡岩矿床分布规律与深 部地球物理背景研究[J]．物探与化探,1999,23(6): 415-420
53 吕庆田,侯增谦,赵金花,等．深地震反射剖面揭示的铜 陵矿集区复杂地壳结构形态[J]．中国科学(D辑), 2003,33(5):442-449
2 Brown L, Barazangi M, Kaufman S, et al.The first decade of COCORP: 1974 - 1984[A]. In: Barazangi M, Brown L D, eds. AGU reflection seismology: A global perspective[C]. Washington: AGU Geodynam-ics Series,1986. 107-120
3 Oliver J. COCORP probes continental depths[J]. Geo Times, 1993(6): 21-22
4 Clowes RM LITHOPROBE:An integrated approach to studies of crustal evolution[J]. GeoTimes, 1992(8) : 12-14
5 Brun J P, Gustcher M A, DEKORP-ECORS team. Deep crustal structure of the Rhine Groben from DECORP-ECORS seismic reflection data: A summary [J]. Tectonophysics, 1992,208: 139-147
6 Matthews DH,The BIRPS Group. Progress in BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiling around the British Isles[J]. Testonophysics, 1990,173:387-396
7 Bois C, ECORS Scientific Party. Major geodynamic processes studies from the ECORS deep seismic profiles in France and adjacent areas[J]. Tectonophysics, 1990,173: 397-410
8 Moss F J, Mathur S P. A review of continental reflection profiling in Australia [A]. In: Barazangi M, Brown L D, eds. Reflection seismology: A global per-spective[C]. Washington: AGU Geodynamics Series, 1986. 67-76
9腾吉文．中国地球深部地震探测研究序幕[A]．陈颙主 编．地球物理与中国建设[C]．北京:地质出版社, 1997．342-344
10王椿镛．中国岩石圈结构研究的回顾与展望[J]．地球 物理学报,1997,40(增刊):82-109
11 Weng S,Chen H.Zhou X,et al. Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the Lower Yangtze region,eastern China[J]. Tectonophysics,1990,173:299-305
12姚伯初．Hayes D E,曾维军,等．南海北部陆缘东部 的地壳结构[J]．地球物理学报,1994,37(1):27～35
13姚伯初,Hayes D E,曾维军,等．南海北部陆缘西部 的地壳结构[J]．海洋学报,1994,16(3):86-93
14袁学诚,徐明才,唐文榜,等．东秦岭陆壳反射地震剖面 [J]．地球物理学报,1994,37(6):749-758
15赵文津,Nelson K D,纳尔逊．印度板块俯冲到藏南之 下的深反射证据[J]．地球学报,1996,17(2):131-137
16赵文津,Nelson K D,Brown L D,等．喜马拉雅和西藏 高原深地震反射剖面(INDEPTH)概况[J]．地球物理 学报,1993,36(1):124-124
17赵文津,Nelson K D,高锐,等．喜马拉雅和西藏高原深地震反射剖面的初步成果[J]．地球物理学报,1993, 36(1):125～125
18吴宣志,吴春玲,卢杰,等．利用深地震反射剖面研究北 祁连-河西走廊地壳细结构[J]．地球物理学报,1995, 38(S2):29～35
19高锐,董树文,贺日政,等．莫霍面地震反射图像揭露出 扬子陆块深俯冲过程[J]．地学前缘,2004,11(3):43- 49
20高锐,李秋生,赵越,等．燕山造山带深地震反射剖面 启动探测研究[J]．地质通报,2002,21(12):905～906
21陆涵行,曾融生,郭建明,等．唐山震区深反射剖面分析 [J]．地球物理学报,1988,31(1):27-36
22曾融生,陆涵行,丁志峰．从地震折射和反射剖面讨论 唐山地震成因[J]．地球物理学报,1988,31(4):383～ 398
23王椿镛,王贵美,林中洋,等．用深地震反射方法研究邢 台地震区地壳细结构[J]．地球物理学报．1993,36(4): 445-452
24王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举．冀中坳陷内深地震反射剖面 揭示的滑脱构造[J]．科学通报,1994,39(7):625～628
25王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等．华北盆地滑脱构造的地震 学证据[J]．地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613～620
26张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋,等．延庆-怀来地区地壳细结 构——利用深地震反射剖面[J]．地球物理学报,1996, 39(3):356～364
27王椿镛,楼海,魏修成,等．天山北缘的地壳结构和 1906年玛纳斯地震的地震构造[J]．地震学报,2001, 23(5):460～470
28傅维洲,杨宝俊,刘财．中国满洲里-绥芬河地学断面 地震学研究[J]．长春科技大学学报,1998,28(2): 206～212
29杨宝俊,刘财,周辉,等．用近垂直反射地震资料研究安 达-肇州-哈尔滨断面域地壳结构[A]．金旭,杨宝俊 主编．中国满洲里-绥芬河地学断面地球物理场及深 部构造特征研究[C]．北京:地震出版社,1994．100～ 113
30高锐,吴功建．青藏高原亚东-格尔木地学断面地球物 理综合解释模型与现今地球物理动力学过程[J]．长春 地质学院学报,1995,25(3):241～250
31高锐,黄东定,卢德源,等．横过西昆仑-塔里木接触带 深反射地震剖面[J]．科学通报,2000,45(17):1874- 1879
32高锐,肖序常,刘训,等．新疆地学断面深地震反射剖面 揭示德西昆仑-塔里木结合带岩石圈细结构[J]．地球 学报,2001,22(6):547～569
33 Zhao W J,Nelson K D. Project Team,Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet[J]. Nature,1993,366:557-559
34赵文津,Nelosn K D,车敬凯,等．深反射地震揭示喜 玛拉雅地区地壳上地幔的复杂结构[J]．地球物理学 报,1996,39(5):615-628
35 Gao Rui, Huang Dongding.Lu Deyuan,et al. Deep seismic reflection profiles across contact zone of West Kunlun and Tarim basin along the Xinjiang geotransect in NW Chin[J]. Terra Nostra,1999,2(99) :49-50
36 Gao Rui, Huang Dongding, Lu Deyuan, et al. Deep seismic reflection profiles across juncture zone between Tarim basin and west Kunlun Mountain[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(17) :1 874-1 849
37 Yuan X C, Klemperper S L, Teng W B, et al. Crustal structure and exhumation of the Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure orogen,eastern China, from seismic reflection profiling [A]. Beijing: Proceedings for International UHPM Workshop,2002.13
38 Yuan X C, Klemperper S L, Teng W B,et al. Crustal structure and exhumation of the Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure orogen,eastern China,from seismic reflection profiling[J]. Geology,2003,31:435-438
39 Dewey J, Kempton M, Kidd W, et al. Shortening of continental lithosphere: The neotectonics of Eastern Analolia-a young collision zone[A]. In: Coward M, Ries A, eds. Collision tectonics[C]. London: Black-well scientific publication, 1986. 3-36
40 Bois C. Geological significance of seismic reflections in collision belts[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:55-69
41 Meissner R,Wever Th,Sadowiak P. Continental collisions and seismic signature[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:15-23
42 Meissner R Rupture creep, lamellae and crocodiles happenings in the continental crust[J]. Tera Nova, 1989,1:17-28
43吴福元,张世红．深反射地震调查对大地构造学的贡献 [J]．世界地质,1994,13(1):117-127
44 Cheadle M J,Czuchra B L,Ando C J,et al. Geometries of deep crustal faults: Evidence from the COCORP Mojave survey[A]. In:Barazangi M, Brown L D.eds. Reflection seismology: The continental crust [ C ]. Washington: AGU Geodynamics series, 1986. 305-312
45 Feng R, McErilly T V. Interpretation of seismic reflection profiling data for the structure of the San Andreas Fault zone[J]. The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1983, 73:1701 -1720
46 Meissner R,Wever T. Nature and development of the crust according to deep reflection data from the German Variscides[A]. In: Barazangi M, Brown L D, eds. Reflection seismology: A global perspective[C]. Washington: AGU Geodynamics Series, 1986.31-42
47 Hale L D,Thompson S A. The seismic reflection character of the continental Mohorovicic discontinuity[J]. Jornal of Geophysical Research,1982,87:4 625-4 635
48 Allmendinger R W,Nelson K D, Potter C J, et al. Deep seismic reflection characteristics of the continental crust [J]. Geology, 1987,15:304-310
49 Nelson K D. A Unfied view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep seismic reflection and refraction results[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:25-35
50 Brown L D, Wille D M, Zheng L, et al. COCORP: New perspectives on the deep crust[J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1987,89: 47-54
51 Hammer PTC, Clowes R T. Moho reflectivity patterns: A comparison of Canadian LITHOPROBE Tran-sects[J]. Tectonophysics,1997,269:179-198
52彭聪,赵一鸣．中国东部含金矽卡岩矿床分布规律与深 部地球物理背景研究[J]．物探与化探,1999,23(6): 415-420
53 吕庆田,侯增谦,赵金花,等．深地震反射剖面揭示的铜 陵矿集区复杂地壳结构形态[J]．中国科学(D辑), 2003,33(5):442-449
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