反射法地震勘探噪声消除技术研究
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摘要
噪声消除是地震勘探资料处理的基础,地震资料信噪比的高低将直接影响到后续处理的效果.因此,选取正确的噪声消除方法是整个资料处理的前提.本文从反射法地震勘探中噪声的特性出发,将常用的去噪方法分为四类,分析了它们的优点和局限性,并且对不同的处理方法进行了简单的比较,介绍了他们的应用领域.
The base of the data processing in a seismic exploration is noise elimination.High signal to noise ratio effects directly on the post-treatment.So the precondition of the data processing is the accurate noise elimination.This paper divides general noise eliminations into four groups by the characters of noise in the reflection seismic exploration,analyses their merits and demerits and compared methods with others.The same time,we introduce application domain of the noise eliminations.
The base of the data processing in a seismic exploration is noise elimination.High signal to noise ratio effects directly on the post-treatment.So the precondition of the data processing is the accurate noise elimination.This paper divides general noise eliminations into four groups by the characters of noise in the reflection seismic exploration,analyses their merits and demerits and compared methods with others.The same time,we introduce application domain of the noise eliminations.
引文
[1]滕吉文.21世纪地球物理学的机遇与挑战[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):208~215.
[2]刘光鼎,祝靓谊.近期油气勘探地球物理的一些新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):363~367.
[3]刘光鼎.回顾与展望———21世纪的固体地球物理[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):191~197.
[4]刘喜武,刘洪.地球物理勘探技术所面临的挑战及可能的数学解决方案[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(2):145~148.
[5]杨建广,吕绍林.地球物理信号处理技术的研究及进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):171~175.
[6]赵连功,刘洪.地震勘探数据资料处理软件集成化研究现状和发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):598~601.
[7]王典,刘财,等.噪音的来源分析及压制方法[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(sup.):113~118.
[8]陆基孟.地震勘探原理及资料解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1991.
[9]G Duncan,G Beresford.Median filter behavior with seismic da-ta[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(3):329-345.
[10]Rabiner L.R.,Sambur M.R.,and Schmidt C.E..Applica-tions of a Nonlinear Smoothing Algorithm for Speech[J].Processing IEEE Trans.Acoust,Speech,Signal Processing,1975,ASSP-23:552~557.
[11]T.A.Nodes and N.C.Gallagher.Median filters:some mod-ifications and their properties[J].IEEE Trans.ASSP,1982,ASSP-30:739~746.
[12]李承楚.关于中值滤波的理论基础[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(4):372-379.
[13]Hardage B A,Vertical Seismic Profiling,Part A:Principles[J].Geophysical Press,London,1983:509.
[14]徐常练.地震数据的中值处理方法[J].物探科技通报,1987,5(1):1-10.
[15]Brownrigg D R.The weighted median filter[J].Communica-tions of the Assoc.for Computing Machinery,1984,27(8):204~208.
[16]Loupas T,Mcdicken W N,Allan P L.An adaptive weightedmedian filter for speckle suppression in medical ultrasonic im-ages[J].IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.,1989,36:129~135.
[17]李军,丁明跃.一种改进的B超图像的中值滤波[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(6):71~73.
[18]刘财,王典,刘洋,等.二维多级中值滤波技术在随机噪声消除中的应用初探[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):163~167.
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[26]徐基祥,吴律.双τ-p变换2D叠前偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):755~770.
[27]吴律.τ-p变换及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[28]朱生旺.用抛物线Radon变换稀疏解分离和压制多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):110~115.
[29]居兴华.地震资料处理中的Rodon变换及反Q滤波[J].煤田地质与勘探.1996,4:42~45.
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[31]杨文采.非线性K-L滤波及其在反射地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):17~26.
[32]周洁玲.利用K-L变换提高地震记录的信噪比[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(3):5~7.
[33]齐莉.用均衡干扰能量法压制线性干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(5):711~716.
[34]蔡仲华,等.应用时空变KL滤波消除叠后地震记录相干噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(sup.):53~58.
[35]付燕,赵荣椿.消除叠后地震记录相干噪声的时-空变倾角KL变换[J].物探与化探,2002,26(2):143~147.
[36]傅才芳,等.应用K-L滤波提高地震记录的信噪比[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(5):486~493.
[37]李卫忠,等.叠前主分量重建随机噪声衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):244~256.
[38]Luis L,Canales,et al.Random noise reduction[J].SEG Ex-panded Abstracts,1984(3):525~527.
[39]国九英.叠前ω-x域算子外推法去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(4):487~494.
[40]赵德斌.F-X域奇异值分解预测滤波法随机噪声衰减[J].石油物探,1998,37(3):29~33.
[41]蔡加铭,等.f-x域算子外推去噪技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):325~331.
[42]康冶,等.f-x域去噪方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):136~138.
[43]陈祖传.多次波剩余时差分析法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1997.
[44]Leif Bruland.New reversible method for seismic noise attenu-ation[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1992:1154-1156.
[45]徐常练.用样点空间调序法消除多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探.1995,30(6):803~810.
[46]Shumway R H,Dean W C.Best linear unbiased estimation formultivariate stationary processes[J].Technometrics,1968,10(3):523~534.
[47]Cox H,Zesking R M,Owen M K Robust adaptive beamform-ing[J].IEEE Trans,Acoust,Speech Signal Processing,1987,ASSP 35(10):1365-1376.
[48]white R E.A multichannel method of multiple attenuationbased on hyperbolic moveout curvers[A].Extended abstractsof 50th EAEG Meeting[C],1988,1~22.
[49]Hu T,White R E.Robust multiple suppression using adaptivebeam forming[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1998,46:227~248.
[50]Hong F,et al.Target multiple attenuation use 3D beamforming.Expanded Abstract of 73rd SEG Mtg,2003,1969~1972.
[51]胡天跃.地震资料叠前去噪技术的现状与未来[J].地球物理学进展.2002,17(2).
[52]胡天跃,王润秋,等.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报.2000,43(1):105~115.
[53]王润秋,胡天跃,等.用聚束滤波方法消除地震资料中规则噪音[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):268~272.
[54]洪菲,胡天跃,等.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波[J].地球物理学报.2004,47(6):1106~1110.
[55]洪菲,胡天跃,王润秋.利用三维聚束滤波方法消除相关噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):42~47.
[56]Frank A.Linville A procedure for optimally removing local-ized coherent noise[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):191~203.
[57]夏洪瑞,等.均值加权消除相干干扰.石油物探.2000,39(2):77~82.
[58]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1994.
[59]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1993.
[60]何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社.1986.
[61]周绪文.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1989.
[62]罗省贤,李录明.几种叠前去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):411~417.
[63]严又生.一种非线性滤波去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探.1998,33(1):104~108.
[64]James E.3-D prestackf-xcoherent noise suppression[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995:1354~1357.
[65]Steve T.Hildebrand.Two representations of the fan filter[J].geophysics,1982,47(6):957~959.
[66]Jones J F,et al.Signal to noise ratio enhancement in multi-channel seismic data via the the Karhunen-Loeve transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(1):12~32.
[67]杨春梅,等.多次波衰减技术的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):48~50.
[68]铁迎春,等.叠前去噪方法及其应用[J].河南石油,2000,14(4):7~9.
[69]李国发,等.利用时空域预测实现地震资料随机噪声衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(sup.1):122~128.
[70]牛滨华,等.叠前面波干扰压制方法的研究与应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):326~332.
[71]王维红,等.抛物Raden变换法近偏移距波场外推[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):289~293.
[2]刘光鼎,祝靓谊.近期油气勘探地球物理的一些新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):363~367.
[3]刘光鼎.回顾与展望———21世纪的固体地球物理[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):191~197.
[4]刘喜武,刘洪.地球物理勘探技术所面临的挑战及可能的数学解决方案[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(2):145~148.
[5]杨建广,吕绍林.地球物理信号处理技术的研究及进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):171~175.
[6]赵连功,刘洪.地震勘探数据资料处理软件集成化研究现状和发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):598~601.
[7]王典,刘财,等.噪音的来源分析及压制方法[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(sup.):113~118.
[8]陆基孟.地震勘探原理及资料解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1991.
[9]G Duncan,G Beresford.Median filter behavior with seismic da-ta[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(3):329-345.
[10]Rabiner L.R.,Sambur M.R.,and Schmidt C.E..Applica-tions of a Nonlinear Smoothing Algorithm for Speech[J].Processing IEEE Trans.Acoust,Speech,Signal Processing,1975,ASSP-23:552~557.
[11]T.A.Nodes and N.C.Gallagher.Median filters:some mod-ifications and their properties[J].IEEE Trans.ASSP,1982,ASSP-30:739~746.
[12]李承楚.关于中值滤波的理论基础[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(4):372-379.
[13]Hardage B A,Vertical Seismic Profiling,Part A:Principles[J].Geophysical Press,London,1983:509.
[14]徐常练.地震数据的中值处理方法[J].物探科技通报,1987,5(1):1-10.
[15]Brownrigg D R.The weighted median filter[J].Communica-tions of the Assoc.for Computing Machinery,1984,27(8):204~208.
[16]Loupas T,Mcdicken W N,Allan P L.An adaptive weightedmedian filter for speckle suppression in medical ultrasonic im-ages[J].IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.,1989,36:129~135.
[17]李军,丁明跃.一种改进的B超图像的中值滤波[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(6):71~73.
[18]刘财,王典,刘洋,等.二维多级中值滤波技术在随机噪声消除中的应用初探[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):163~167.
[19]Cassano E,et al.Multichannel linear filters for optimal rejec-tion of multiple reflections[J].Geophysics,1973,38(6):1053~1061.
[20]Michael Schoenberger,et al.Optimum weighted stack formultiple suppression[J].Geophysics,1996,61(3):891~901.
[21]Louis M,Houston.Multiple suppression using a local coher-ence filter[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):652~659.
[22]Lokshtanov D.Multiple suppression by single channel andmultichannel deconvolution in theτ-pdomain[J].65th Ann.Internat.Mtg,Soc.of Expl.Geophys,1995:1482~1485.
[23]Douglas J.Foster,Charles C,Mosher.Suppression of multi-ple reflections using the Radon transform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):386~395.
[24]Panos G.Kelamis,Edward F.Chiburis,Suheil Shahryar.Radon multiple elimination,a practical methodology for landdata[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1990:1611~1613.
[25]李远钦.曲线radon变换反投影与VSP层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(sup2):42~45.
[26]徐基祥,吴律.双τ-p变换2D叠前偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):755~770.
[27]吴律.τ-p变换及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[28]朱生旺.用抛物线Radon变换稀疏解分离和压制多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):110~115.
[29]居兴华.地震资料处理中的Rodon变换及反Q滤波[J].煤田地质与勘探.1996,4:42~45.
[30]高少武,等.自适应相干噪声衰减技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):244~246.
[31]杨文采.非线性K-L滤波及其在反射地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):17~26.
[32]周洁玲.利用K-L变换提高地震记录的信噪比[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(3):5~7.
[33]齐莉.用均衡干扰能量法压制线性干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(5):711~716.
[34]蔡仲华,等.应用时空变KL滤波消除叠后地震记录相干噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(sup.):53~58.
[35]付燕,赵荣椿.消除叠后地震记录相干噪声的时-空变倾角KL变换[J].物探与化探,2002,26(2):143~147.
[36]傅才芳,等.应用K-L滤波提高地震记录的信噪比[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(5):486~493.
[37]李卫忠,等.叠前主分量重建随机噪声衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):244~256.
[38]Luis L,Canales,et al.Random noise reduction[J].SEG Ex-panded Abstracts,1984(3):525~527.
[39]国九英.叠前ω-x域算子外推法去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(4):487~494.
[40]赵德斌.F-X域奇异值分解预测滤波法随机噪声衰减[J].石油物探,1998,37(3):29~33.
[41]蔡加铭,等.f-x域算子外推去噪技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):325~331.
[42]康冶,等.f-x域去噪方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):136~138.
[43]陈祖传.多次波剩余时差分析法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1997.
[44]Leif Bruland.New reversible method for seismic noise attenu-ation[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1992:1154-1156.
[45]徐常练.用样点空间调序法消除多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探.1995,30(6):803~810.
[46]Shumway R H,Dean W C.Best linear unbiased estimation formultivariate stationary processes[J].Technometrics,1968,10(3):523~534.
[47]Cox H,Zesking R M,Owen M K Robust adaptive beamform-ing[J].IEEE Trans,Acoust,Speech Signal Processing,1987,ASSP 35(10):1365-1376.
[48]white R E.A multichannel method of multiple attenuationbased on hyperbolic moveout curvers[A].Extended abstractsof 50th EAEG Meeting[C],1988,1~22.
[49]Hu T,White R E.Robust multiple suppression using adaptivebeam forming[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1998,46:227~248.
[50]Hong F,et al.Target multiple attenuation use 3D beamforming.Expanded Abstract of 73rd SEG Mtg,2003,1969~1972.
[51]胡天跃.地震资料叠前去噪技术的现状与未来[J].地球物理学进展.2002,17(2).
[52]胡天跃,王润秋,等.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报.2000,43(1):105~115.
[53]王润秋,胡天跃,等.用聚束滤波方法消除地震资料中规则噪音[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):268~272.
[54]洪菲,胡天跃,等.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波[J].地球物理学报.2004,47(6):1106~1110.
[55]洪菲,胡天跃,王润秋.利用三维聚束滤波方法消除相关噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):42~47.
[56]Frank A.Linville A procedure for optimally removing local-ized coherent noise[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):191~203.
[57]夏洪瑞,等.均值加权消除相干干扰.石油物探.2000,39(2):77~82.
[58]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1994.
[59]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1993.
[60]何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社.1986.
[61]周绪文.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1989.
[62]罗省贤,李录明.几种叠前去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):411~417.
[63]严又生.一种非线性滤波去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探.1998,33(1):104~108.
[64]James E.3-D prestackf-xcoherent noise suppression[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995:1354~1357.
[65]Steve T.Hildebrand.Two representations of the fan filter[J].geophysics,1982,47(6):957~959.
[66]Jones J F,et al.Signal to noise ratio enhancement in multi-channel seismic data via the the Karhunen-Loeve transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(1):12~32.
[67]杨春梅,等.多次波衰减技术的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):48~50.
[68]铁迎春,等.叠前去噪方法及其应用[J].河南石油,2000,14(4):7~9.
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