中国大陆GPS连续观测站测得的日本9.0级地震同震位移与震前变化
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摘要
利用中国大陆GPS连续观测站资料,获取了2011年3月11日日本9.0级地震造成的连续站同震位移。计算结果表明,位于我国东部尤其是东北地区的台站在水平方向都有明显的同震位移,且离震中越近同震位移量越大,其中绥阳站的水平同震位移量最大,达到33mm。通过对时间序列分析发现,有明显同震位移的连续站,震前水平方向的运动速度都有放缓的趋势,可能是一种形变前兆现象。这些GPS观测到的同震位移及震前运动速度异常,对于进一步研究前兆地壳运动、地震动力学特征以及精化中国大陆地壳运动速度场都有重要意义。
We calculated coseismic deformations at fiducial stations in China caused by the 2011 M9.0 Japan Earthquake.The results show that there are obvious coseismic displacements at stations located in the east,especially northeast of China,and the coseismic displacements are in directly proportional to the epicentral distance.The coseismic displacement at the SUIY station is the largest,3.3 cm.A phenomenon is found in the time series that the speed of horizontal movements at the fiducial stations with obvious coseismic displacement decreased before the earthquake,and this phenomenon might be one of the earthquake precursors.Coseismic displacements and abnormal speed of movement before the earthquake collected by GPS data will be of profound significance for the study of predictive crustal movement,kinetic characteristics of earthquake and the crust velocity field in mainland China.
We calculated coseismic deformations at fiducial stations in China caused by the 2011 M9.0 Japan Earthquake.The results show that there are obvious coseismic displacements at stations located in the east,especially northeast of China,and the coseismic displacements are in directly proportional to the epicentral distance.The coseismic displacement at the SUIY station is the largest,3.3 cm.A phenomenon is found in the time series that the speed of horizontal movements at the fiducial stations with obvious coseismic displacement decreased before the earthquake,and this phenomenon might be one of the earthquake precursors.Coseismic displacements and abnormal speed of movement before the earthquake collected by GPS data will be of profound significance for the study of predictive crustal movement,kinetic characteristics of earthquake and the crust velocity field in mainland China.
引文
[1]徐锡伟.日本9级特大地震简介[R].中国地震局地质研究所,2011.
[2]王敏,李强,王凡,等.全球定位系统测定的2011年日本宫城MW9.0地震远场同震位移[J].科学通报,2011,56(20):1593-1596.
[3]中国地震局地震研究所.http://www.cea.gov.cn
[4]国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”项目组.GPS测定的2008年汶川MS8.0地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学(D辑),2008(38):1195-1206.
[5]王敏,张培震,沈正康,等.全球定位系统(GPS)测定的印尼苏门达腊巨震的远场同震地表位移[J].科学通报,2006,51(3):365-368.
[6]GAMIT-GLOBK.http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/～simon/gtgk,2010.
[7]THE GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS.http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu,2011.
[8]顾国华,王武星.GPS测得的汶川大地震同震位移[J].地震,2009,29(1):92-99.
[9]顾国华.参考框架、坐标变换和地壳运动[J].测绘通报,2006,2006(8):24-27.
[10]任金卫,王敏.GPS观测的2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震地壳变形[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):34-44.
[11]姜卫平,鄂栋臣,詹必伟,等.南极板块运动新模型的确定与分析[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):41-49.
[12]尹继尧,朱元清.日本9.0级地震断层分布和错动方式探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(2):12-16.
[2]王敏,李强,王凡,等.全球定位系统测定的2011年日本宫城MW9.0地震远场同震位移[J].科学通报,2011,56(20):1593-1596.
[3]中国地震局地震研究所.http://www.cea.gov.cn
[4]国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”项目组.GPS测定的2008年汶川MS8.0地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学(D辑),2008(38):1195-1206.
[5]王敏,张培震,沈正康,等.全球定位系统(GPS)测定的印尼苏门达腊巨震的远场同震地表位移[J].科学通报,2006,51(3):365-368.
[6]GAMIT-GLOBK.http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/～simon/gtgk,2010.
[7]THE GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS.http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu,2011.
[8]顾国华,王武星.GPS测得的汶川大地震同震位移[J].地震,2009,29(1):92-99.
[9]顾国华.参考框架、坐标变换和地壳运动[J].测绘通报,2006,2006(8):24-27.
[10]任金卫,王敏.GPS观测的2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震地壳变形[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):34-44.
[11]姜卫平,鄂栋臣,詹必伟,等.南极板块运动新模型的确定与分析[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):41-49.
[12]尹继尧,朱元清.日本9.0级地震断层分布和错动方式探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(2):12-16.
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