Q补偿技术在提高地震分辨率中的应用——以准噶尔盆地Y1井区为例
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摘要
准噶尔盆地Y1井区主要发育岩性、地层油气藏,但由于目的层埋深大(5000～6000m),储层薄(8～10m),储集体与围岩波阻抗差异小,反射能量弱,加上煤层干扰,使得储层识别、预测难度大。针对这一问题,利用能同时进行振幅校正和相位畸变校正的反Q滤波方法对该区的三维地震资料进行了提高分辨率处理。首先选择过井地震剖面进行相位校正,通过与测井资料合成记录进行对比获得最佳相位校正算子;然后进行振幅补偿,通过频谱分析调整振幅补偿算子,确保反Q滤波在振幅补偿的同时不破坏各种有效频率成分的相对变化关系;反复进行上述处理获得最佳Q值模型,该模型具有时变和空变的特点。用最佳Q值模型对全区地震资料进行补偿处理,明显提高了地震剖面的分辨率,提高了地层岩性圈闭的识别能力与储层预测精度,落实了地层上倾尖灭线及砂体展布范围。
Formation lithology hydrocarbon reservoirs are mainly devel- oped in Y1 well area of Junggar basin.But the reservoir recognition and prediction are quite difficult because of deeply buried interests (more than 5,000-6,000 m),thin reservoirs (8-10 m),small difference between reservoir impedance and surrounding rock im- pedance,weak reflection energy and interference of coal seams.Ai- ming at these problems,the inverse Q filtering method was used in the 3D seismic data to improve the resolution.Firstly,phase cor- rection was carried out on the selected cross-well seismic profiles and compared to the synthetic seismogram of logging data to obtain optimum phase correction operator.Then,the amplitude was com- pensated and the compensation operator adjusted through spectrum analysis to ensure that the Q filtering will not damage the relative variation relationship of all effective frequencies during amplitude compensation.The optimum Q modeling was achieved through re- peating the abovementioned process.The model has characteristics of time-variation and space-variation.The application of it in this area shows that the resolution of seismic profiles is obviously en- hanced,the recognition ability of formation lithology traps and res- ervoir prediction accuracy improved,and the updip wedge-out and sand body distribution range identified.
Formation lithology hydrocarbon reservoirs are mainly devel- oped in Y1 well area of Junggar basin.But the reservoir recognition and prediction are quite difficult because of deeply buried interests (more than 5,000-6,000 m),thin reservoirs (8-10 m),small difference between reservoir impedance and surrounding rock im- pedance,weak reflection energy and interference of coal seams.Ai- ming at these problems,the inverse Q filtering method was used in the 3D seismic data to improve the resolution.Firstly,phase cor- rection was carried out on the selected cross-well seismic profiles and compared to the synthetic seismogram of logging data to obtain optimum phase correction operator.Then,the amplitude was com- pensated and the compensation operator adjusted through spectrum analysis to ensure that the Q filtering will not damage the relative variation relationship of all effective frequencies during amplitude compensation.The optimum Q modeling was achieved through re- peating the abovementioned process.The model has characteristics of time-variation and space-variation.The application of it in this area shows that the resolution of seismic profiles is obviously en- hanced,the recognition ability of formation lithology traps and res- ervoir prediction accuracy improved,and the updip wedge-out and sand body distribution range identified.
引文
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19凌云，高军，张汝杰．基于一维弹性阻尼波动方程理论的沙丘Q吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探，1997，32 (6)：795～803
20凌云．大地吸收衰减分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探．2001．36(1)：1～8
21姚振兴，高星，李维新．用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J]．地球物理学报，2003，46 (2)：229～233
22 Guo J,Wang Y H.Recovery of a target reflection un- derneath coal seams [J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering．2004，1(1)：46～50
23赵殿栋，郭建，王咸彬等．沙漠区低降速带地震波的吸收补偿方法研究与应用[J]．中国西部油气地质，2006，2(3)：241～244
2 Strick E.The determination of Q,dynamic viscosity and transient creep curves from wave propagation measurements[J].Geophys J Roy Astr Soc,1967,13 (1):197～218
3 Strick E.A predicted pedestal effect for pulse propa- gation in constant-Q solids[J].Geophysics,1970,35 (3):387～403
4 Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and at- tenuation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979, 84(7):4737～4748
5 Robinson J C.A technique for the continuous repre- sentation of dispersion in seismic data[J].Geophysics, 1979,44(8):1345～1351
6 Bickel S H,Natarajan R R.Plane-wave Q deconvolu- tion[J].Geophysics,1985,50(9):1426～1439
7 Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q filtering by Fou- rier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(4):519～527
8 Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach to inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657～663
9 Wang Y H.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabilized inverse Q filtering [J].Geophysics,2003,68 (1): 337～345
10 Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality fac- tor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different com- putational methods [J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1991,39(1):1～28
11 Wang Y H.Q analysis on reflection seismic data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(17):L17606
12 Wang Y H,Guo J.Modified Kolsky model for seismic attenuation and dispersion[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,1(1):187～196
13 Wang Y H,Guo J.Seismic migration with inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31 (21):L21608
14 Wang Y H.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution en- hancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51～V60
15李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1993．52～190
16裴江云，何樵登．基于Kjartansson模型的反Q滤波[J]．地球物理学进展，1994，9(1)：90～99
17刘学伟，邰圣宏．用面波反演风化层Q值[J]．石油物探，1996，35(2)：89～95
18裴江云，陈树民，刘振宽等．近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J]．地球物理学进展，2001，16(4)：18～12
19凌云，高军，张汝杰．基于一维弹性阻尼波动方程理论的沙丘Q吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探，1997，32 (6)：795～803
20凌云．大地吸收衰减分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探．2001．36(1)：1～8
21姚振兴，高星，李维新．用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J]．地球物理学报，2003，46 (2)：229～233
22 Guo J,Wang Y H.Recovery of a target reflection un- derneath coal seams [J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering．2004，1(1)：46～50
23赵殿栋，郭建，王咸彬等．沙漠区低降速带地震波的吸收补偿方法研究与应用[J]．中国西部油气地质，2006，2(3)：241～244
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