含流体裂缝介质中地震波场数值模拟
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摘要
油气勘探开发实践证明,裂缝常常是油气藏存储的空间或运移的通道,因此,裂缝各向异性介质中地震波场的研究越来越倍受关注,国内外很多岩石物理学者、地球物理专家等对裂缝信息的描述提出了很多理论认识与方法技术.本文根据Eshelby-Cheng各向异性裂缝介质模型理论,求取各向异性裂缝介质的弹性参数,并建立Eshelby-Cheng各向异性裂缝介质的波动方程,利用时间错格伪谱法对含流体裂缝介质进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,采用时间错格伪谱法能有效解决各向异性介质的波场传播,利用时间错格有限差分算子替代普通的差分算子来求解时间导数,利用快速傅氏变换求解空间导数,大大提高了正演模拟的计算精度与计算效率.并且与各向同性介质相比,地震波在含流体裂缝各向异性介质中的传播要复杂得多,各向同性介质层中的波是纯的,其横波不会发生分裂,而在各向异性介质层中,横波将发生分裂.
The practice of oil exploration proved that the cracks are space of the oil and gas and channels of them to move,thereby the wave-field of cracked anisotropic media draw more and more attention.Many rock physicists and geophysicists proposed many theories and technique to describe the information of cracks.According to the theory of the Eshelby-Cheng anisotropic cracked models,we obtain the elastic parameters of the anisotropic cracked media,and establish the wave equation of the Eshelby-Cheng anisotropic cracked media,apply time-staggered Pseudo-Spectral method to modeling the cracked media with liquid,and study the propagation law and characters of the seismic waves in cracked media with liquid.The results proved that it's efficient to modeling the wave-field by time-staggered Pseudo-Spectral method.And the wave-field is more complex in anisotropic media than in isotropic media.
The practice of oil exploration proved that the cracks are space of the oil and gas and channels of them to move,thereby the wave-field of cracked anisotropic media draw more and more attention.Many rock physicists and geophysicists proposed many theories and technique to describe the information of cracks.According to the theory of the Eshelby-Cheng anisotropic cracked models,we obtain the elastic parameters of the anisotropic cracked media,and establish the wave equation of the Eshelby-Cheng anisotropic cracked media,apply time-staggered Pseudo-Spectral method to modeling the cracked media with liquid,and study the propagation law and characters of the seismic waves in cracked media with liquid.The results proved that it's efficient to modeling the wave-field by time-staggered Pseudo-Spectral method.And the wave-field is more complex in anisotropic media than in isotropic media.
引文
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[19]Cerjan C,Kosloff D,et al.A nonreflecting boundary condi-tion for discrete acoustic and elastic wave equation[J].Geo-physics,1985,50:705~708.
[2]郑洪伟,李廷栋,高锐,等.数值模拟在地球动力学中的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):360~369.
[3]谢桂生,刘洪,赵连功.伪谱法地震波正演模拟的多线程并行计算[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):17~23.
[4]金抒辛,何樵登.泥岩裂隙的正演模拟方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):119~127.
[5]胡亚元.饱和多孔微极介质的波动方程及其势函数方程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1132~1140.
[6]谢桂生.裂隙裂缝介质的弹性波模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):537~544.
[7]潘保芝,张丽华,单刚义,等.裂缝和孔洞型储层孔隙模型的理论进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1232~1237.
[8]刘恩儒,岳建华,刘彦.具有离散裂缝空间分布的二维固体中地震波传播的有限差分模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):180~188.
[9]张新明,刘克安,刘家琦.流体饱和多孔隙介质二维弹性波方程正演模拟的小波有限元法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1156~1166.
[10]Cheng C H.Crack models for a transversely isotropic medium[J].J Geophys Res,1993,98:675~684.
[11]Eshelby J D.The determination of the elastic field of an ellip-soidal inclusion and related problems[J].Proc.Roy.Soc.London,Ser.A,1957,241:376~396.
[12]Gary Mavko,Tapan Mukerji,Jack Dvorkin.Rock PhysicsHandbook[M].Rock Physics Laboratory Stanford Universi-ty,June 1996,153~155.
[13]韩开锋,曾新吾.Hudson理论中裂隙参数的适用性研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(5):435~440.
[14]Nishizawa O.Seismic velocity anisotropy in a medium contai-ning oriented cracks-transversely isotropic case[J].J.Phys.Earth,1982,30:331~347.
[15]李景叶,陈小宏.横向各向同性介质地震波场数值模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):700~705.
[16]奚先,姚姚.二维横各向同性弹性随机介质中的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):924~932.
[17]赵爱华,张美根,丁志峰.横向各向同性介质中地震波走时模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1762~1769.
[18]张文生,何樵登.二维横向各向同性介质的伪谱法正演模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3):310~319.
[19]Cerjan C,Kosloff D,et al.A nonreflecting boundary condi-tion for discrete acoustic and elastic wave equation[J].Geo-physics,1985,50:705~708.
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