地震前低频事件的实验研究
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摘要
介绍了几种强震前超低频事件的观测证据,并通过实验,研究了产生和传播机理。初步结果表明,微破裂的集结和断层的破裂起始会出现超低频脉冲,并透射到空气中形成次声波。塑性体的冲击或超临界流体的膨胀比脆性破裂更容易激发（超）低频波,且不伴随明显高频辐射成分。这样可以较为合理地解释震前“平静”背景下的（超）低频事件。对实验中破坏前的低频脉冲给出了断裂力学解释。断裂力学的实验和膨胀——扩容理论证明了震前会产生断层的张裂隙,从而为超临界流体提供了运移空间。流体在运移过程中突然涨缩会激发（超）低频辐射波。讨论了改进（超）低频事件的观测条件问题。
In this paper, some evidence from observation of precursory low-frequency events before strong earthquakes are presented, and the mechanism of producing and propagation is investigated experimentally. The primary results show that the ultra low-frequency pulses may produce in the process of nucleation of micro-cracks and faults, and transmit to the air as infrasonic sound. The plastic impact or the dilatancy of ultra-critical liquid can excite ultra low frequency easier without obvious high-frequency radiation. The phenomenon of low frequency pulses before failure of the sample is interpreted by using the theory of fracture mechanics. Theses results may interpret the low-frequency events under the "quiet" background before strong earthquakes more rationally. The experiments of fracture mechanics and the D-D theory prove that tensile cracks may be brought before earthquakes, and so as to offer the space of liquid transmission. In the process of transmission, the liquid may dilate and contract and excite(ultra) low frequency radiate wave. Besides, the improving of observation condition of low-frequency events is discussed.
In this paper, some evidence from observation of precursory low-frequency events before strong earthquakes are presented, and the mechanism of producing and propagation is investigated experimentally. The primary results show that the ultra low-frequency pulses may produce in the process of nucleation of micro-cracks and faults, and transmit to the air as infrasonic sound. The plastic impact or the dilatancy of ultra-critical liquid can excite ultra low frequency easier without obvious high-frequency radiation. The phenomenon of low frequency pulses before failure of the sample is interpreted by using the theory of fracture mechanics. Theses results may interpret the low-frequency events under the "quiet" background before strong earthquakes more rationally. The experiments of fracture mechanics and the D-D theory prove that tensile cracks may be brought before earthquakes, and so as to offer the space of liquid transmission. In the process of transmission, the liquid may dilate and contract and excite(ultra) low frequency radiate wave. Besides, the improving of observation condition of low-frequency events is discussed.
引文
白恩胜.1999.隐爆地震浅析[C].见:流体地球科学进展,北京:地震出版社,103～108
车用太,鱼金子,张淑亮.2002.山西朔州井水位的“前驱波”记录及其初步分析[J].地震学报,24（2）
陈运泰,黄立人,林邦慧等.1979.用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22（3）:201～217
陈运泰,顾浩鼎.1990.震源理论[R].中国家地震局地球物理研究所,中国科学院研究生院
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冯德益,潘琴龙,郑斯华等.1984.超低频形变波及其所反应的短期和临震地震前兆[J].地震学报,6（1）:41～56
郭增建,秦保燕.1973.震源物理[M].北京:地震出版社
力武常次.1978.地震预报[M].北京:地震出版社,143
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李红,李世愚,许征宇等.1992高围压下岩石材料的断裂力学实验[J].地震学报,14（1）:124～127
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李世愚,滕春凯,卢振业等.2000.地震破裂的集结及其前兆意义[J].地震学报,22（2）:205～213.
刘万琴,李世愚,郑治真等.1999.破坏性矿震震前短临阶段震源过程研究[J].地震学报,21（1）:57～64
苏昉,田维,唐林波.2002.2001年7～9月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究[J].地震研究,25（1）:11～19
苏银利,谢洪森,丁东业等.1999.超临界水的物理化学性质及意义[C].见:流体地球科学进展,北京:地震出版社,173～180
唐林波,李世愚,苏昉等.2002.地震前长周期事件的研究——历史与现状[J],国际地震动态,2002（4）:1～6
吴忠良.2001.地震学中的“暗物质”——“静地震”与地震预测研究的未来[J].国际地震动态,9,1～4
谢金来.谢照华.1996.1993年7月12日日本北海道地震次声波[J].声学学报,21（1）:55～61
尹祥础.1985.固体力学[M],北京:地震出版社
尹祥础,郑天愉.1982.地震孕育过程的流变模式[J].中国科学（B辑）,10,922～930
Brace W F, Bomblakis. 1963. A note on brittle crack growth in compression [J], J Geophys Res 68, 3 709-3 713
Dieterich J H. 1978. Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of stick-slip [J]. Pure Appl Geophys, 116, 790-806
Fang Su, Wei Tian. 2001. Measure and study of precursory infrasonic waves of strong earthquakes in May 2000 [J]. Journal of LowFrequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control. 20 (4)
Jaeger J C and Cook G W. 1979. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Third edition, Chapman and Hall, London
Su Fang, Tian Wei. 2001. The Measure and Study of Precursory Infrasonic Waves of Strong Earthquakes from October to December of2000 [J]. Petroleum Science, 4(3): 8-18
Zhurkov S N, Kuksenko V S, Petrov V A. 1984. Principles of the kinetic approach of fracture prediction [J]. Theor. Appl. Frac. Mech.1,271-274
车用太,鱼金子,张淑亮.2002.山西朔州井水位的“前驱波”记录及其初步分析[J].地震学报,24（2）
陈运泰,黄立人,林邦慧等.1979.用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22（3）:201～217
陈运泰,顾浩鼎.1990.震源理论[R].中国家地震局地球物理研究所,中国科学院研究生院
杜乐天,强祖基.1999.地球排气作用与自然灾害[M].见:流体地球科学进展,北京:地震出版社,36～46
冯德益,潘琴龙,郑斯华等.1984.超低频形变波及其所反应的短期和临震地震前兆[J].地震学报,6（1）:41～56
郭增建,秦保燕.1973.震源物理[M].北京:地震出版社
力武常次.1978.地震预报[M].北京:地震出版社,143
郝建国,张云福.2001.地震静电预测学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,238
李红,李世愚,许征宇等.1992高围压下岩石材料的断裂力学实验[J].地震学报,14（1）:124～127
李均之,夏雅琴,陈维升.1995.近几年日本强地震的临震前兆信息[J].北京工业大学学报,21（4）:1～12
李世愚,滕春凯,卢振业等.2000.地震破裂的集结及其前兆意义[J].地震学报,22（2）:205～213.
刘万琴,李世愚,郑治真等.1999.破坏性矿震震前短临阶段震源过程研究[J].地震学报,21（1）:57～64
苏昉,田维,唐林波.2002.2001年7～9月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究[J].地震研究,25（1）:11～19
苏银利,谢洪森,丁东业等.1999.超临界水的物理化学性质及意义[C].见:流体地球科学进展,北京:地震出版社,173～180
唐林波,李世愚,苏昉等.2002.地震前长周期事件的研究——历史与现状[J],国际地震动态,2002（4）:1～6
吴忠良.2001.地震学中的“暗物质”——“静地震”与地震预测研究的未来[J].国际地震动态,9,1～4
谢金来.谢照华.1996.1993年7月12日日本北海道地震次声波[J].声学学报,21（1）:55～61
尹祥础.1985.固体力学[M],北京:地震出版社
尹祥础,郑天愉.1982.地震孕育过程的流变模式[J].中国科学（B辑）,10,922～930
Brace W F, Bomblakis. 1963. A note on brittle crack growth in compression [J], J Geophys Res 68, 3 709-3 713
Dieterich J H. 1978. Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of stick-slip [J]. Pure Appl Geophys, 116, 790-806
Fang Su, Wei Tian. 2001. Measure and study of precursory infrasonic waves of strong earthquakes in May 2000 [J]. Journal of LowFrequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control. 20 (4)
Jaeger J C and Cook G W. 1979. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Third edition, Chapman and Hall, London
Su Fang, Tian Wei. 2001. The Measure and Study of Precursory Infrasonic Waves of Strong Earthquakes from October to December of2000 [J]. Petroleum Science, 4(3): 8-18
Zhurkov S N, Kuksenko V S, Petrov V A. 1984. Principles of the kinetic approach of fracture prediction [J]. Theor. Appl. Frac. Mech.1,271-274
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