利用海啸数值模拟结果进行海底地震有限断层模型验证
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摘要
基于地震有限断层模型进行海啸的数值模拟通常被用来估计海啸的到时、波高等,另一方面,海啸数值模拟的结果也可以作为限定条件用来考察同一地震的不同断层模型之间的相对合理性。采用国际上各地震研究机构在震后各自得出的不同的有限断层模型作为海啸源,使用基于二维浅水波方程的海啸传播模型对2011年日本东北地震海啸的传播过程进行模拟,以海啸模拟所得到的沿岸浪高分布、平均波高、最大波高等与实际观测值相比较,进而判断由各有限断层模型所计算得到的海啸中哪个结果与实际的海啸情况更为符合,由此推断断层模型的相对合理性。
Numerical simulation of tsunami is currently utilized to estimate the arrival time,amplitude and wave length information of the tsunami;it can also provide abundant constraints to investigate the inversion results of the earthquake rapture processes.Our tsunami models based on two-dimension shallow water equations are proposed to study the tsunami propagation characteristics of the March 11,2011Tohoku earthquake,Japan.The overall distribution of tsunami along the coast line,average wave height,and the maximum tsunami and location are obtained from our numerical calculations and are compared with the observation data available.It is found that among the different rupture models from several seismological agencies,most of them could approximately match the features of the tsunami distribution.One of our interesting discoveries is that the simple average dislocation model can produce a closer average value of wave height with the observed results.
Numerical simulation of tsunami is currently utilized to estimate the arrival time,amplitude and wave length information of the tsunami;it can also provide abundant constraints to investigate the inversion results of the earthquake rapture processes.Our tsunami models based on two-dimension shallow water equations are proposed to study the tsunami propagation characteristics of the March 11,2011Tohoku earthquake,Japan.The overall distribution of tsunami along the coast line,average wave height,and the maximum tsunami and location are obtained from our numerical calculations and are compared with the observation data available.It is found that among the different rupture models from several seismological agencies,most of them could approximately match the features of the tsunami distribution.One of our interesting discoveries is that the simple average dislocation model can produce a closer average value of wave height with the observed results.
引文
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[2]Wang W,Sun W,Jiang Z.Comparison of fault models of the 2008Wenchuan earthquake(MS8.0)and spatial distributions of co-seismic deformations[J].Tectonophysics,2010,491(1-4):85-95.
[3]Childs C,Manzocchi T,Walsh J J,et al.A geometric model of fault zone and fault rock thicknessvariations[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2009,31(2):117-127.
[4]Arrowsmith J R,Zielke O.Tectonic geomorphology of the San Andreas Fault zone from high resolu-tion topography:An example from the Cholame segment[J].Geomorphology,2009,113(1-2):70-81.
[5]Hayes G.Subduction Zone Geometry Analysis Preliminary SZGC Results for M8.9Earthquake nearEast Coast of Honshu,Japan[EB/OL].National Earthquake Information Center(NEIC)of UnitedStates Geological Survey.Available:http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/subduc-tion_zone/usc0001xgp/.2011-03-11.
[6]Hayes G.Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the Mar 11,2011 MW8.9Earthquake OffshoreHonshu,Japan[EB/OL].National Earthquake Information Center(NEIC)of United States Geolog-ical Survey.Available:http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0001xgp/finite_fault_1.php.2011-03-11.
[7]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2011年3月11日日本本州东海岸近海地震破裂过程快速反演结果v1[EB/OL].中国地震局地球物理研究所.http:∥ddsep.cea-igp.ac.cn/rp/2011/20115e74367081165e565e5672c4e1c6d775cb88fd16d7757309707783488c28fc77a0b5feb901f53cd6f147ed3679c.2011-03-11.
[8]王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2011年3月11日日本本州东海岸8.9级地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果[EB/OL].中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.http:∥www.igg.cas.cn/xwzx/zhxw/201103/t20110312_3082869.html.2011-03-12.
[9]Imakiire T,Tobita M,Ozawa S,et al.The 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake:Crus-tal Deformation and Fault Model(Preliminary)[EB/OL].Available:http:∥www.gsi.go.jp/cais/topic110313-index-e.html.Geospatial Information Authority of Japan(GSI).2011-03-13.
[10]Jing H,Zhang H,Wu Z,et al.Numerical Simulation of March 11,2011Honshu,Japan Tsunami[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(27):3 617-3 622.
[11]Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bulletin of the Seis-mological Society of America,1985,75(4):1 135-1 154.
[12]Zhang H,Shi Y,Yuen A D,et al.Modeling and visualization of tsunamis[J].Pure and AppliedGeophysics,2008,165(3-4):475-496.
[13]Geist E L.Phenomenology of Tsunamis:Statistical Properties from Generation to Runup[J].Ad-vances in Geophysics.Elsevier.2009,51:107-169.
[14]Constantin A,Johnson R S.Modelling tsunamis[J].Journal of Physics A:Mathematical and Gen-eral,2006,39(14):L215.
[15]Titov V V,Synolakis C E.Extreme inundation flows during the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki tsunami[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1997,24(11):1 315-1 318.
[16]The 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake Observed Tsunami:Information on the 2011offthe Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake[EB/OL].Available:http:∥www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/2011_Earthquake/Information_on_2011_Earthquake.html.Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA).2011-04-15.
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