地壳形变与地面温度异常及其关联分析:以汶川地震为例
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摘要
地壳形变和地面温度异常是构造地震活动监测的两项重要指标,时间序列分析是提取地震活动异常信息的主要方法。该文以汶川地震为例,分析发现汶川震前位移、基线长度、应变分量时间序列出现显著的地壳形变动态异常,同震形变最为显著。分析地面温度增量时间序列,发现震前震中附近出现3次异常,持续时间为9~13 d,地面异常增温高达10°C,增温高值区主要沿龙门山断裂、鲜水河断裂、红河断裂展布,与活动断裂的空间分布具有很好的一致性。对同一像元应变与地面温度增量时间序列进行关联分析,发现地壳形变与地面温度异常特征具有一定的对应关系。
Crustal deformation and surface heat field anomalies serve as valuable indexes for the remote sensing monitoring of tectonic earthquake activity.The analysis of time series is a primary method for extracting the anomaly information of earthquake activity.In this paper,the variation features of time series,such as displacement,baseline length and the second shear strain,were studied for analyzing Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake.The analysis showed that obvious deformation and temperature anomalies had appeared before Wenchuan earthquake without exception,and there was distinct deformation variation appeared in co-seismic for all the time series.The time series of surface temperature increment was analyzed,and the results show that three anomalies occurred in the epicenter and its surrounding area,and the occurrence time of anomaly was 9～13 days about before shocking and the amplitude of surface temperature anomaly was 10°C about.The high temperature anomaly region distributed along Longmenshan faults,Xianshuihe faults,Honghe faults,and its spatial pattern was in spatially accordance with the strike of local active faults.The time series of strain components and surface temperature increment were spatio-temporally correlated in the same grid.
Crustal deformation and surface heat field anomalies serve as valuable indexes for the remote sensing monitoring of tectonic earthquake activity.The analysis of time series is a primary method for extracting the anomaly information of earthquake activity.In this paper,the variation features of time series,such as displacement,baseline length and the second shear strain,were studied for analyzing Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake.The analysis showed that obvious deformation and temperature anomalies had appeared before Wenchuan earthquake without exception,and there was distinct deformation variation appeared in co-seismic for all the time series.The time series of surface temperature increment was analyzed,and the results show that three anomalies occurred in the epicenter and its surrounding area,and the occurrence time of anomaly was 9～13 days about before shocking and the amplitude of surface temperature anomaly was 10°C about.The high temperature anomaly region distributed along Longmenshan faults,Xianshuihe faults,Honghe faults,and its spatial pattern was in spatially accordance with the strike of local active faults.The time series of strain components and surface temperature increment were spatio-temporally correlated in the same grid.
引文
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[15]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[16]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[2]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415-429.
[3]江在森,张希,祝意青,等.昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震前区域构造变形背景[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增):163-172.
[4]GAN W J,PRESCOTT W H.Crustal deformation rates in cen-tral and eastern U.S.inferred from GPS[J].Geophysical Re-search Letters,2001,28(19):3733-3736.
[5]JIN S G,PARK PIL-HO.Strain accumulation in South Koreainferred from GPS measurements[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:529-534.
[6]JIN S G,PARK PIL-HO.Crustal stress and strain energy densityin South Korea deduced from GPS observation[J].TAO,2006,17(1):169-178.
[7]江在森,杨国华,王敏,等.中国大陆地壳运动与强震关系研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(3):1-9.
[8]张晶,顾国华.GPS水平位移时间序列地震短期信息特征分析[J].地震,2006,26(1):40-46.
[9]强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常——临震前兆[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(6):564-573.
[10]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.临震卫星热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1991,36(4):291-294.
[11]TRONIN A A,HAYAKAWA M,MOLCHANOV O A.Ther-mal IR satellite data application for earthquake research in Ja-pan and China[J].Geodynamics,2002,33:519-534.
[12]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化——以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816-823.
[13]SAVAGE J C,GAN W,SVARC J L.Strain accumulation androtation in the Eastern California Shear Zone[J].GeophysRes.,2001,106(B10):21995-22007.
[14]WESSEL P,BERCOVICI D.Interpolation with spline in ten-sion:A Green’s function approach[J].Mathematical Geology,1998,30(1):77-93.
[15]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[16]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
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