沙特复杂过渡带地震资料采集中的难点及对策
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摘要
沙特过渡带勘探范围大,地表条件复杂,大部分地区含有高速石灰岩夹层,对地震波有较强的屏蔽作用。针对这一特点,探讨了地震资料采集的难点,并提出了解决难点的相应技术和措施。依据表层结构模型设计井深、优选炸药特性、合理设计气枪组合和确定沉放深度,增强地震波下传的能量;采用震检联合面积组合和海上双检接收的方法,提高资料的信噪比;在受限水域采用浅水气枪垂直叠加技术,以减少炮点的偏移或空炮,保证地震资料有均匀的覆盖次数;采用声波二次定位技术实时监测因海水深度、海流变化等因素造成的海底电缆(OBC)偏移,对偏移误差进行有效控制。
The transitional zone in Saudi Arabia has the characteristics of large prospecting area and complex surface conditions.High-velocity limestone interbed exists in most of the area,which causes strong shielding effect on seismic wave.Aiming at the problem, the difficulties in seismic data acquisition were analyzed;the corresponding technologies and strategies were proposed.Based on the surface layer structure model,the well depth was designed,the dynamite characteristics was optimized,the airgun array was reasonably arranged and the shooting depth was identified,which enhanced the down-going energy of seismic wave.In addition,the source-geophone combined areal array and offshore dual-sensor receiving method was adopted to improve the S/N of data.Thirdly,the shallow water airgun substack technique in the restricted water area to decrease the deviation of shot point or gunned shot and guarantee uniform folds of seismic data.Finally,acoustic secondary positioning technique was utilized to monitor the deviation of ocean bottom cable caused by the sea water depth and ocean current changes, and effectively controlled the offset error.
The transitional zone in Saudi Arabia has the characteristics of large prospecting area and complex surface conditions.High-velocity limestone interbed exists in most of the area,which causes strong shielding effect on seismic wave.Aiming at the problem, the difficulties in seismic data acquisition were analyzed;the corresponding technologies and strategies were proposed.Based on the surface layer structure model,the well depth was designed,the dynamite characteristics was optimized,the airgun array was reasonably arranged and the shooting depth was identified,which enhanced the down-going energy of seismic wave.In addition,the source-geophone combined areal array and offshore dual-sensor receiving method was adopted to improve the S/N of data.Thirdly,the shallow water airgun substack technique in the restricted water area to decrease the deviation of shot point or gunned shot and guarantee uniform folds of seismic data.Finally,acoustic secondary positioning technique was utilized to monitor the deviation of ocean bottom cable caused by the sea water depth and ocean current changes, and effectively controlled the offset error.
引文
1张德忠.复杂地表地区地震勘探实例——大港探区海陆过渡带的三维地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.117-125
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12李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888-897
13韩立强,常稳.海底电缆初至波二次定位技术的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):501-504
14冯凯,陈刚,罗敏学.二次定位技术的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):346-349
15杨怀春,刘怀山,童思友,等.声波二次定位技术在KD-1高精度地震采集中的应用[J].海洋地质动态, 2004,20(4):33-36
2王永刚.过渡带地震勘探的对策分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):122-125
3杨善钦,徐锦玺,任福新,等.垦东地区海陆过渡带地震采集技术应用[J].物探与化探,2005,29(2):163-166
4曾鸾,李志勇,高凤珍.大吨位可控震源的应用及效果分析[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):327-329
5蒋连斌,刘财,王建民.高分辨率地震勘探资料采集技术[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2000.77-94
6宋玉龙.滩浅海地震勘探存在的问题及其解决方法[J].石油物探,2005,44(4):343-346
7何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2001.1-129
8余志和,张庆淮,邸志欣,等.滩海地区采集方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):471-479
9杨怀春,高生军.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特性研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):323-326
10蒋连斌,何樵登,王建民,等.一种计算检波器线性组合响应曲线的实用方法[J].石油物探,1998,37(1): 84-88
11蒋连斌,崔文鹏,傅朝奎,等.震检联合组合在高分辨率地震资料采集中的应用[J].石油物探,2000,39(3): 73-78
12李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888-897
13韩立强,常稳.海底电缆初至波二次定位技术的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):501-504
14冯凯,陈刚,罗敏学.二次定位技术的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):346-349
15杨怀春,刘怀山,童思友,等.声波二次定位技术在KD-1高精度地震采集中的应用[J].海洋地质动态, 2004,20(4):33-36
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