复杂地质构造叠前地震成像方法在东部M区块的应用
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摘要
复杂地质构造成像面临的主要难题是地表及地下地质条件复杂,速度纵横向变化剧烈。叠前深度偏移能够使复杂构造准确成像,通过对比Kirchhoff积分法和波动方程法叠前深度偏移优缺点,给出叠前深度偏移实现过程中的数据准备、时间域模型建立、速度模型建立及叠前深度偏移方法选择。利用Kirchoff积分法能够对目标线进行多次迭代优化速度的优势,获得准确的速度—深度模型,用2种偏移方法对研究区的不同资料进行偏移。应用实例表明,2种方法对复杂构造都能够准确成像,但对信噪比的依赖程度不同,在信噪比相对较高的区域波动方程具有明显的优势,而在信噪比极低的区域,Kirchoff积分法更具有优势。经分析得出不同偏移方法对采用速度模型的精度要求不同,在具有不同信噪比的地区得到的成像结果表现为不同的效果。
The challenges for the complex geological structure imaging are the great changes in vertical and horizontal velocity in the complexity of surface and subsurface geological conditions.Pre-stack depth migration makes the fine imaging in the complex geological structures.By comparison with effect of pre-stack depth migration between Kirchhoff integration and wave equation,we propose data preparing,time-domain model,velocity-depth model,and chosen method of pre-stack depth migration during pre-stack depth migration realization.We use the Kirchhoff integration to get a fine velocity-depth model,which executes the several iterations and optimize velocity to target lines.We also use two methods to test the migration in the research area.The example results show that both two methods have ability to image accurately in the complex geological structure,but are different in signal to noise ratio.The wave equation is chosen in the high signal to noise ratio area,whereas the Kirchhoff integration does in the low one.The different migration methods need velocity-depth models.The effect of imaging is different in areas with signal to noise ratios.
The challenges for the complex geological structure imaging are the great changes in vertical and horizontal velocity in the complexity of surface and subsurface geological conditions.Pre-stack depth migration makes the fine imaging in the complex geological structures.By comparison with effect of pre-stack depth migration between Kirchhoff integration and wave equation,we propose data preparing,time-domain model,velocity-depth model,and chosen method of pre-stack depth migration during pre-stack depth migration realization.We use the Kirchhoff integration to get a fine velocity-depth model,which executes the several iterations and optimize velocity to target lines.We also use two methods to test the migration in the research area.The example results show that both two methods have ability to image accurately in the complex geological structure,but are different in signal to noise ratio.The wave equation is chosen in the high signal to noise ratio area,whereas the Kirchhoff integration does in the low one.The different migration methods need velocity-depth models.The effect of imaging is different in areas with signal to noise ratios.
引文
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[13]Wang Lixin.The iterative computation of stacking velocity and re-sidual statics[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(4):25-33.[王立新.叠加速度与剩余静校正量的迭代计算[J].石油物探,2001,40(4):25-33.]
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[2]Su Qin,He Zhenhua,Tian Yancan,et al.Research and appli-cation of pre-stack depth migration method in piedmont com-plex structure imaging[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):571-575.[苏勤,贺振华,田彦灿,等.山前带复杂构造成像中叠前深度偏移方法研究及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):571-575.]
[3]Li Jing,Wang Chengxiang,Li Junru,et al.The recent over-seas development of prestack migration of seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(3):966-982.[李晶,王成祥,李军茹,等.地震资料叠前偏移成像技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):966-982.]
[4]Ma Shufang,Li Zhenchun.Review of wave equation prestackdepth migration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2007,30(3):153-161.[马淑芳,李振春.波动方程叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3):153-161.]
[5]Yilmaz.Seismic Data Analysis[M].Tulsa:Society of Explora-tion Geophysicists,2001.
[6]Officer C B.Introduction to the Theory of Sound Transmis-sion with Application to the Ocean[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1958.
[7]Ren Zhaofa,Bi Min.Prestack depth migration in deep volcanicimaging[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2009(14):90-92.[任朝发,毕民.叠前深度偏移技术在深层火山岩成像中的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009(14):90-92.]
[8]Ye Yueming,Li Zhenchun,Tong Zhaoqi,et al.Preserved-am-plitude migration with dual-complexity[J].Chinese JournalGeophysics,2008,51(5):1511-1514.[叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,等.双复杂介质条件下频率空间域有限差分法保幅偏移[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1511-1514.]
[9]Liu Zhenkuan,Wu Qingling,Wu Minghua,et al.Applicationof 3-D prestack depth migration in Haila'er area[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2004,39(3):327-331.[刘振宽,吴清岭,吴明华,等.三维叠前深度偏移技术在海拉尔地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):327-331.]
[10]Hu Jie,Xia Bin,Hu Yang,et al.The characteristics of inter-ference wave and its attenuation techniques in northern Qaid-am basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(5):732-741.[胡杰,夏斌,胡杨,等.柴北缘地区干扰波特征分析以及压制方法[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(5):732-741.]
[11]Zhang Jianwei,Ning Junrui,Wang Hongqi,et al.Research ofseismic data imaging processing in desert mountains[J].Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):576-580.[张建伟,宁俊瑞,王红旗,等.沙漠山地地区地震资料成像处理研究[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):576-580.]
[12]Zhao Yulian,Cheng Xubo,Lu Lieqin,eta l.Application of prestacktime migration in Songliao basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(6):1041-1045.[赵玉莲,成旭波,鲁烈琴,等.叠前时间偏移技术在松辽盆地应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(6):1041-1045.]
[13]Wang Lixin.The iterative computation of stacking velocity and re-sidual statics[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(4):25-33.[王立新.叠加速度与剩余静校正量的迭代计算[J].石油物探,2001,40(4):25-33.]
[14]Hu Ying,Zhang Yan,Chen Likang,et al.Influencing factorsand technical strategies for velocity modeling[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2006,45(5):503-507.[胡英,张研,陈立康,等.速度建模的影响因素与技术对策[J].石油物探,2006,45(5):503-507.]
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