2010年玉树7.1级地震震源区P和S波接收函数成像
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摘要
利用玉树固定地震台站和7个流动宽频带地震台站远震P波和S波接收函数,对2010年4月14日发生MS7.1级地震的玉树地震震源区下方地壳及上地幔顶部速度结构进行了成像.结果表明:研究区下方存在明显的双地壳结构;主震所在的金沙江缝合带可能错断了地壳和岩石圈;错断的地壳在印度板块向北的推挤下,发生了叠置,导致金沙江缝合带下方呈现双地壳结构;根据发生在金沙江缝合带上的历史地震进一步推断,印度板块对金沙江缝合带这种深大走滑断裂的向北推挤,为断裂带上大地震的发生提供了闭锁条件,这可能是巴颜喀拉地块周边地震孕育的一种典型的深部地球动力学模式;在玉树地震主震区所在深度附近,发现局部存在高速夹层,这种局部高速结构,可能是积累引力,孕育地震的一个重要原因.
P-and S-wave receiver functions of 1 permanent and 7 temporary seismic stations are used to image the structures of the crust and upper mantle beneath the source of the MS7.1 earthquake that occurred on 14 April 2010 in Yushu,Qinghai.The results indicate the obvious presence of a double Moho structure beneath the study region.In addition,the Moho and lithosphere were likely offset by the Jinsha River suture at which the main shock occurred.The faulted crust has been pushed to the north by the Indian plate,leading to the doublet Moho.From historical earthquakes on the Jinsha River suture,we infer that the faults along the Jinsha River suture were locked by the India′s push,which is probably a model for the seismogenic mechanism around the Bayan Hara block.Local high-velocity layers are found at depth around the main shock source,and such structure might accommodate stress accumulation and release to generate major earthquakes.
P-and S-wave receiver functions of 1 permanent and 7 temporary seismic stations are used to image the structures of the crust and upper mantle beneath the source of the MS7.1 earthquake that occurred on 14 April 2010 in Yushu,Qinghai.The results indicate the obvious presence of a double Moho structure beneath the study region.In addition,the Moho and lithosphere were likely offset by the Jinsha River suture at which the main shock occurred.The faulted crust has been pushed to the north by the Indian plate,leading to the doublet Moho.From historical earthquakes on the Jinsha River suture,we infer that the faults along the Jinsha River suture were locked by the India′s push,which is probably a model for the seismogenic mechanism around the Bayan Hara block.Local high-velocity layers are found at depth around the main shock source,and such structure might accommodate stress accumulation and release to generate major earthquakes.
引文
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[2]许志琴,杨经绥,姜枚等.青藏高原北部东昆仑—羌塘地区的岩石圈结构及岩石圈剪切断层.中国科学:D辑,2001,(B12):1-9.Xu Z Q,Yang J S,Jiang M,et al.Deep strcuture andlithospheric shear faults in the East Kunlun-Qiangtangregion,northern Tibetan Plateau.Science in China(Ser.D),2001,44(Suppl.):1-9.
[3]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演.地震学报,2010,32(3):361-365.Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen Y T.Fast inversion of ruptureprocess for 14April 2010Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,32(3):361-365.
[4]徐彦,张俊伟,苏有锦.反投影全球子台网P波记录研究2010年4月14日玉树地震破裂过程.地球物理学报,2011,54(5):1243-1250,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5773.2011.05.013.Xu Y,Zhang J W,Su Y J.Imaging the rupture of 14April,2010 Yushu earthquake using back-projection of globalsubarray P-waves.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(5):1243-1250,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.05.013.
[5]Li Z,Elliott J R,Feng W,et al.The 2010 Mw6.8Yushu(Qinghai,China)earthquake:Constraints provided by InSARand body wave seismology.J.Geophys.Res.,2011,116,B10302,doi:10.1029/2011JB008358.
[6]孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春等.2010年玉树地震地表破裂带典型破裂样式及其构造意义.地球物理学报,2012,55(1):155-170.DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.015.Sun X Z,Xu X W,Chen L C,et al.Surface rupture featuresof the 2010 Yushu earthquake and its tectonic implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):155-170,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.015.
[7]王连捷,王薇,崔军文等.青海玉树Ms7.1级地震发震应力场与非稳定发震机理的模拟.地球物理学报,2011,54(11):2779-2787,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.008.Wang L J,Wang W,Cui J W,et al.Stress field and modelingof instability mechanism of Yushu Ms7.1earthquake.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(11):2779-2787,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.008.
[8]王未来,吴建平,房立华等.2010年玉树MS7.1地震及其余震的双差定位研究.中国科学:D辑,2012,42(7):1037-1046.Wang W L,Wu J P,Fang L H,et al.Relocation of theYushu Ms7.1earthquake and its aftershocks in 2010fromHypoDD.Sci.China Earth Sci.,2012,doi:10.1007/s11430-012-4450-z.
[9]刘巧霞,杨卓欣,莘海亮等.玉树Ms7.1级地震部分余震重新定位及发震构造分析.地球物理学报,2012,55(1):146-154,DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.014.Liu Q X,Yang Z X,Xin H L,et al.Relocation of YushuMs7.1earthquake aftershocks and discussion on seismogenicstructure.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):146-154,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.014.
[10]Pei S,ChenY.Link between seismic velocity structure andthe 2010 Ms7.1 Yushu Earthquake,Qinghai,China:Evidence from aftershock tomography.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2012,102(1):445-450,doi:10.1785/0120110138.
[11]蒋长胜,吴忠良.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前的中长期加速矩释放(AMR)问题.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1501-1510,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.06.009.Jiang C S,Wu Z L.Intermediate-term medium-rangeAccelerating Moment Release(AMR)priori to the 2010Yushu MS7.1earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1501-1510,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.06.009.
[12]常利军,丁志峰,王椿镛.2010年玉树7.1级地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2613-2619,DOI:10.30.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.009.Chang L J,Ding Z F,Wang C Y,Variations of shear wavesplitting in the 2010 Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(11):2613-2619,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.009.
[13]Pan S,Niu F.Large contrasts in crustal structure andcomposition between the Ordos plateau and the NE Tibetanplateau from receiver function analysis.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2011,303:291-298.
[14]Zhang Z J,Wang Y H,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structureacross Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismicprofiling.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36:L17310.
[15]Zhang Z J,Yuan X H,Chen Y,et al.Seismic signature ofthe collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and theSichuan Basin.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2010,292(3-4):254-264.
[16]Zhang Z J,Deng Y F,Teng J W,et al.An overview of thecrustal structure of the Tibetan plateau after 35years of deepseismic soundings.Journal of Asia Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):977-989.
[17]Zhang Z J,Klemperer S,Bai Z M,et al.Crustal structure ofthe Paleozoic Kunlun orogeny from an active-source seismicprofile between Moba and Guide in East Tibet,China.Gondwana Research,2011,19(4):994-1007.
[18]ShenX,Mei X,Zhang Y.The crustal and upper mantlestructures beneath the northeastern margin of Tibet.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2011,101(6):2782-2795,doi:10.1785/0120100112.
[19]Hu J,Yang H,Xu X,et al.Lithospheric structure andcrust-mantle decoupling in the southeast edge of the TibetanPlateau.Gondwana Research,2012,doi./10.1016/j.gr.2012.01.003.
[20]Chen Y,Zhang Z J,Sun C Q,Badal J.Crustal anisotropyfrom Moho converted Ps wave splitting analysis andgeodynamic implications beneath the eastern margin of Tibetand surrounding regions.Gondwana Research,2012,doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.04.003.
[21]Tian X,Wu Q,Zhang Z,et al.Joint imaging by teleseismicconverted and multiple waves and its applicaton in theINDEPTH-III passive seismic arry.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32,L21315,doi:10.1029/2005GL023686.
[22]Tian X,Zhao D,Zhang H,et al.Mantle transition zonetopography and structure beneath the central Tien Shanorogenic belt.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115,B10308,doi:10.1029/2008JB006229.
[23]Tian X,Teng J,Zhang H,et al.Structure of crust andupper mantle beneath the Ordos Block and the YinshanMountains revealed by receiver function analysis.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2011,184(3-4):186-193,doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.11.007.
[24]Chen L.Concordant structural variations from the surface tothe base of the upper mantle in the North China Craton andits tectonic implications.Lithos,2010,doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.12.007.
[25]Farra V,Vinnik L P.Upper mantle stratification by P and Sreceiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,2000,141:699-712.
[26]Oreshin S,Vinnik L,Peregoudov D,et al.Lithosphere andasthenosphere of the Tien Shan imaged by S receiverfunctions.Geophys Res Lett.,2001,29:1029-1031.
[27]Vinnik L,Reigber C,Aleshin I,et al.Receiver functiontomography of the Central Tien Shan.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2004,225(1-2):131-146.
[28]Li X,Kind R,Yuan X,et al.Rejuvenation of the lithosphereby the Hawaiian plume.Nature,2004,427:827-829.
[29]Yuan X,Kind R,Li X,et al.The S receiver functions:synthetics and data example.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,165(2):555-564,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02885.x.
[30]Ligorria J,Ammon C.Iterative deconvolution and receiver-function estimation.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1999,89:1395-1400.
[31]Yuan X,Ni J,Kind R,et al.Lithospheric and upper mantlestructure of southern Tibet from a seismological passivesource experiment.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102(B12):27491-27500.
[32]Kumar P,Yuan X,Kind R,et al.Imaging the collidingIndian and Asian lithospheric plates beneath Tibet.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111,B06308.doi:10.1029/2005JB003930.
[33]Li X,Wei D,Yuan X,et al.Details of the doublet Mohostructure beneath Lhasa,Tibet,obtained by comparison of Pand S receiver functions.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2011,101(3):1259-1269.doi:10.1785/0120100163.
[34]Shen Xuzhang,Zhou Huilan.Receiver functions of CCDSNand crustal structure of China continent.Earthquake Science,2012,25:3-16,doi:10.1007/s11589-012-0826-6.
[35]Kind R,Yuan X,Saul J,et al.Seismic images of crust andupper mantle beneath Tibet:evidence for Eurasian Platesubduction.Science,2002,298:1219-1221,DOI:10.1126/science.1078115.
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