中国大陆科学钻探主孔0～2000米流体地球化学异常与地震的关系
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摘要
CCSD流体中He、N2、Ar是记录地震的敏感载体,可能记录了本地一些中小地震及远强震的异常信息。与远强震对应的流体异常幅度大,一般始于远强震前数天,且He、He／Ar、N2／Ar多为负异常,Ar多为正异常;而本地中小地震大多造成主孔流体组分的小幅度波动变化。远强震可能改变了CCSD钻探区的地下流体循环,地震期间监测到泥浆中相对富Ar贫N2和He的地下流体贡献增加,震后,地震引起的附加流体贡献逐渐消失。CCSD的流体组分和比值可能记录了区内地壳应力变化,反映了远强震期间区域构造活动乃至地球深部构造活动产生的场兆、源兆信息,地壳屈曲的假设可以加深CCSD流体作为远强震敏感载体的理解。远强震期间CCSD流体异常也可能是记录了震前长周期波传播至CCSD主孔时激发的流体变化,反映了震源区的应力变化。
The concentration time series and first order differential curves of He, Ar, He/Ar and N2/Ar in the mud of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Hole ( CCSD) show that all the earthquakes larger than 7. 5 around Asia and larger than 7. 0 up to 3000km away correspond to the fluid anomalies. The composition variations of gases seem to be correspondent to the occurrences of distant strong earthquakes. The He concentration, and the He/Ar and N2/Ar ratios showed obviously negative anomalies, however, the Ar concentration positive anomalies, several days before the distant larger earthquake occurred. Gaseous geochemical anomalies caused by the local moderate or small earthquakes didnt show obviously. The extraordinary Ar-rich or He-poor fluids may bring into the drilling mud before and during the occurrences of large earthquakes, but gradually disappear after the earthquakes. The gas geochemical anomalies might be a sensitive indicator for regional strain variations in crust related to regional or deep tectonic activities during the earthquake generations. The changes can be understood by the crustal buckling hypothesis. On the other hand, the variations of the concentrations and ratios of gas compositions might be triggered by the transmission of long period wave produced by the events.
The concentration time series and first order differential curves of He, Ar, He/Ar and N2/Ar in the mud of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Hole ( CCSD) show that all the earthquakes larger than 7. 5 around Asia and larger than 7. 0 up to 3000km away correspond to the fluid anomalies. The composition variations of gases seem to be correspondent to the occurrences of distant strong earthquakes. The He concentration, and the He/Ar and N2/Ar ratios showed obviously negative anomalies, however, the Ar concentration positive anomalies, several days before the distant larger earthquake occurred. Gaseous geochemical anomalies caused by the local moderate or small earthquakes didnt show obviously. The extraordinary Ar-rich or He-poor fluids may bring into the drilling mud before and during the occurrences of large earthquakes, but gradually disappear after the earthquakes. The gas geochemical anomalies might be a sensitive indicator for regional strain variations in crust related to regional or deep tectonic activities during the earthquake generations. The changes can be understood by the crustal buckling hypothesis. On the other hand, the variations of the concentrations and ratios of gas compositions might be triggered by the transmission of long period wave produced by the events.
引文
Bower D R, Heaton K C. 1978. Response of an aquifer near Ottawa to tidal forcing and the Alaskan earthquake of 1964. Can. J. Earth Sci. , 15: 331-340
Brodsky E E, Prejean S G. 2005. New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at long Valley Caldera. J. Geophys. Res. ,110: B04302, doi: 10. 1029/2004JB003211
Che Y T, Gu Y Z, Yu J Z, et al. 2002. Remote anomalies of subsurface fluid before the Ms8. 1 earthquake in west of Kunlun Mountain mouth and their significance. Earthquake, 22(4): 107 - 113( in Chinese with English abstract)
Du J G, Kang C L. 2000. A brief review on study of earthquake-caused change of underground fluid. Earthquake, 20(supplement) : 107 -114(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan G Y, Shi L Q, Li L S. 2002. Anomolies recorded by the digital deformation observation instruments at the Xuzhou seismic station prior to the Ms 8.1 earthquake of 14 Nov. 2001 to the West of the Kunlun Mountains'Pass. Journal of Seismology, 22 (2) : 7 - 11 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Z S, Yang C J, Mei W P, et al. 2003a. The preseismic wave variation of resistivity hour value about the distant strong earthquakes at Xinyi Seismic Station. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 24(4): 9-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Z S, Yang C J, Mei WP, et al. 2003b. Preliminary analysis of the data of the digital earthquake precursor of Jiangsu province. South China Journal of Seismology, 23(2): 1 - 12( in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao X Q, Xu Q L, Wang D, et al. 2002. The characteristics of the focal precursors, field precursors before moderately strong earthquakes and remote precursors before strong earthquakes and their physical essence. Earthquake, 22(3): 81 - 88 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang F Q, Jian C L, Tang Y, et al. 2004. Response changes of some wells in the mainland subsurface fluid monitoring network of china, due to the September 21, 1999, Ms7. 6 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Tectonophysics, 390: 217 -234
King C Y, Azuma S, Igarashi G, et al. 1999. Earthquake-related water-level changes at 16 closely clustered wells in Tono, central Japan, J. Geophys. Res. , 104: 13073-13082
Li D M, Bai X Q, Shi X J, et al. 2002. Analysis of precursor wave characters record at Houma station, Shanxi province. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics. 22(3) :75 -77( in Chinese with English abstract)
Li S Q, Sun Q, Luo L Q, Zhan X C. 2005. Anomalous fluid compositions in mud of the CCSD main well and their relations to two nearby earthquakes of ML 3.9. Geology in China, 32(2) :330 -335 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q, Sun Q and Zhan X C. 2004. 0 - 2000m fluid profiles and sources in Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project . Acta Petrologica Sinica, 20 ( 1 ) : 185 - 192 ( in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q, Wang J, Ling S, et al. 2004. On line analysis of gases in Chinese continental science drilling project and identification of Quids from the earth crust. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 23(2) : 81 -86( in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q. Zhan X C. Sun Q. 2004. Fluid Geoanalysis in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project. Ceostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 28(2): 325 -331
Ma Q Z, Yin J Y, Gu X Z. The electromagnetic anomalies observed at Chongming station and the Taiwan strong earthquake ( M = 7. 5, March 31, 2002). Earthquake, 23(4) :49 -56(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Y P, Xia C D. 2002. The relationship between the anomaly of water temperature in the mineral water well of Ningbo seismographic station and the Salvador earthquake with Ms 8. 0. South China Journal of Seismology, 12(3): 80 -83(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Y P. 2003. Relation between water temperature anomaly of Ningbo ZK03 well and the Ms 8. 1 earthquake of Kunlun Mt. Pass. Inland Earthquake, 17(2): 141 - 144(in Chinese with English abstract)
Roeloffs E. 1998. Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield, California, due to local and distant earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. , 103:869-889
Sun Q, Li S Q, Luo L Q. 2005. Geochemistry of some fluid compositions in the mud of CCSD main well and their relations to seismicity. Earthquake, 25(1) : 15-21 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Q, Li SQ, Luo LQ, Zhan XC. 2005. The gas anomalies in the CCSD borehole associated with two distant strong earthquakes; the 2001 West Pass of Kunlun Mountains earthquake (Ms 8.1) and the 2004 Sumatra-Andeman earthquake ( Mw 9. 3 ). Acta Petrologies Sinica, 21 (5): 1501 - 1507(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Q, Luo L Q, Li S Q. 2004. N2 -Ar-He compositions in the mud 0- 2000m mud of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling hole. Acta Petrologica Sinica. 20 ( 1 ) : 179 - 184 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Q L, Zhang X D, Cui D X, et al. 2005. Understanding the mechanisms of premonitory anamolies and imminent precursors. Recent Developments in World Seismology, (5) : 131 - 144 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu S X, Shen P W. 1980. Some features of earthquakes distribution around Peking and crustal buckling. Acta Seismologica Sinica. 2 (2): 153 - 168(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan Y P, Xu J D, Dong R S. 2004. Tectonic background and spatial correction fractal dimension of strong earthquakes in Taiwan, China. Seismology and Geology, 26 (1) : 15 - 23 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Y L, Zhao G M, Gao G Y, et al. 2003. The slow earthquake Event occurring before West to Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of Ms 8. 1 on November 14, 2001. Recent Developments in World Seismology, 9:1 -4(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang C J, Shi Y L, Ma L. 2005. Some problems in studying slow earthquakes. Journal of the Graduate of the Chinese Academy of Science, 22(3) :258 -269(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang G M, Fu ZX , Gui X T, et al. 2001. Introduction to earthquake prediction in China. Beijing: Science press, 334 - 365
Zhang G M, Ma H S, Wang H, et al. 2005. Boundaries between active-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the China mainland. Chinese J. Geophys. , 48(3) : 138 - 146( in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang P Z, Deng Q D, Zhang G M, et al. 2003. Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China. Science in China (Series D ), 33 ( supp. ) : 12 - 20 ( in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhan X C, Luo L Q, Li Y C, et al. 2005. CCSD CO2 H2 and He abnormalities mud decomposition subsurface fluid. Geology in China. 32(2) :320-329
Zhan X C, Luo L Q, Li Y C, et al. 2006. Origin Deduction of the helium abnormities around 4906m of CCSD main hole. Rock and Mineral Analysis. 25(1): 1 -4( in Chinese with English abstract)
车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子等．2002．昆仑山口西MS8．1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义．地震,22(4):107-113
杜建国,康春丽．2000．地震地下流体发展概述．地震,20(增刊): 107-114．
范桂英,拾礼勤,李兰生．2002．2001年11月14日昆仑山西8．1级大震前徐州台数字化形变观测仪器记录的异常．地震学刊,22 (2):7-11
冯志生,杨从杰,梅卫萍等．2003．新沂台地电阻率整点值的远大震前驱波变．地震地磁观测与研究,24(4):9—13
冯志生,杨从杰,梅卫萍等．2003．江苏省数字地震前兆观测资料的初步分析．华南地震,23(2):1—12
高小其,许秋龙,王道等．2002．地下流体中强震源兆、场兆和强震远兆特征及其物理成因．地震,22(3):81—88
李冬梅,白晓勤,施行觉等．2002．山西侯马台记录到的强远震前兆波特征浅析．大地测量与地球动力学,22(3):75—77
李圣强,孙青,罗立强,詹秀春．2005．中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体异常与其附近2次ML 3．9级地震的关系．中国地质,32(2):330—335
罗立强,孙青,詹秀春．2004．中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米流体剖面及流体地球化学研究．岩石学报,20(1):185—192
罗立强,王健,李松等．2004．中国大陆科学钻探现场分析与地下流体异常识别．岩矿测试,23(2):81-86
马钦忠,尹京苑,顾学章．2003．崇明异常电磁扰动与台湾7．5级强震．地震,23(4):49—56
邱永平,夏超德．2002．宁波台矿泉井水温异常与萨尔瓦多8．0级地震的关系．华南地震,12(3):80—83
邱永平．2003．宁波ZK03井水温异常与昆仑山口西8．1级地震的关系．内陆地震,17(2):141-144
孙青,李圣强,罗立强．2005a．中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔地下流体特征及与地震活动的关系初步研究．地震,25(1):15—21
孙青,李圣强,罗立强等．2005b．中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体地球化学异常与远强震的关系．岩石学报,21(5):1501—1507
孙青,罗立强,李圣强．2004．中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米的N2、Ar和He流体地球化学．岩石学报,20(1):179—184
王庆良,张晓东,崔笃信等．2005．理解前兆异常变化机理和地震短临前兆．国际地震动态,(5):131—144
许绍燮,沈佩文．1980．北京周围地区地震的分布特点与地壳屈曲．地震学报．2(2):153—168
燕云鹏,许建东,董瑞树．2004．台湾地区地震的空间关联维特征与构造环境研究．地震地质,26(1):15—23
杨又陵,赵根模,高国英等．2003．2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8．1级地震前的缓慢地震事件．国际地震动态．9:1-4
张晁军,石耀霖,马丽．2005．慢地震研究中的一些问题．中国科学院研究生院学报,22(3):258—269
张国民,傅征祥,桂燮泰等．2001．地震预报引论．北京:科学出版社．334—365
张国民,马宏生,王辉等．2005．中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动．地球物理学报,48(3):138—146
张培震,邓起东,张国民等．2003．中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块．中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12—20
詹秀春,罗立强,李迎春等．2005．关于CCSD主孔4820—4930m井段气体异常的初步解释．中国地质,32(2):320—329
詹秀春,罗立强,李迎春等．2006．中国大陆科学钻探主孔4906米附近氦气体异常解析．岩矿测试,25(1):1-4
Brodsky E E, Prejean S G. 2005. New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at long Valley Caldera. J. Geophys. Res. ,110: B04302, doi: 10. 1029/2004JB003211
Che Y T, Gu Y Z, Yu J Z, et al. 2002. Remote anomalies of subsurface fluid before the Ms8. 1 earthquake in west of Kunlun Mountain mouth and their significance. Earthquake, 22(4): 107 - 113( in Chinese with English abstract)
Du J G, Kang C L. 2000. A brief review on study of earthquake-caused change of underground fluid. Earthquake, 20(supplement) : 107 -114(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan G Y, Shi L Q, Li L S. 2002. Anomolies recorded by the digital deformation observation instruments at the Xuzhou seismic station prior to the Ms 8.1 earthquake of 14 Nov. 2001 to the West of the Kunlun Mountains'Pass. Journal of Seismology, 22 (2) : 7 - 11 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Z S, Yang C J, Mei W P, et al. 2003a. The preseismic wave variation of resistivity hour value about the distant strong earthquakes at Xinyi Seismic Station. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 24(4): 9-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Z S, Yang C J, Mei WP, et al. 2003b. Preliminary analysis of the data of the digital earthquake precursor of Jiangsu province. South China Journal of Seismology, 23(2): 1 - 12( in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao X Q, Xu Q L, Wang D, et al. 2002. The characteristics of the focal precursors, field precursors before moderately strong earthquakes and remote precursors before strong earthquakes and their physical essence. Earthquake, 22(3): 81 - 88 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang F Q, Jian C L, Tang Y, et al. 2004. Response changes of some wells in the mainland subsurface fluid monitoring network of china, due to the September 21, 1999, Ms7. 6 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Tectonophysics, 390: 217 -234
King C Y, Azuma S, Igarashi G, et al. 1999. Earthquake-related water-level changes at 16 closely clustered wells in Tono, central Japan, J. Geophys. Res. , 104: 13073-13082
Li D M, Bai X Q, Shi X J, et al. 2002. Analysis of precursor wave characters record at Houma station, Shanxi province. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics. 22(3) :75 -77( in Chinese with English abstract)
Li S Q, Sun Q, Luo L Q, Zhan X C. 2005. Anomalous fluid compositions in mud of the CCSD main well and their relations to two nearby earthquakes of ML 3.9. Geology in China, 32(2) :330 -335 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q, Sun Q and Zhan X C. 2004. 0 - 2000m fluid profiles and sources in Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project . Acta Petrologica Sinica, 20 ( 1 ) : 185 - 192 ( in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q, Wang J, Ling S, et al. 2004. On line analysis of gases in Chinese continental science drilling project and identification of Quids from the earth crust. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 23(2) : 81 -86( in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q. Zhan X C. Sun Q. 2004. Fluid Geoanalysis in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project. Ceostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 28(2): 325 -331
Ma Q Z, Yin J Y, Gu X Z. The electromagnetic anomalies observed at Chongming station and the Taiwan strong earthquake ( M = 7. 5, March 31, 2002). Earthquake, 23(4) :49 -56(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Y P, Xia C D. 2002. The relationship between the anomaly of water temperature in the mineral water well of Ningbo seismographic station and the Salvador earthquake with Ms 8. 0. South China Journal of Seismology, 12(3): 80 -83(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Y P. 2003. Relation between water temperature anomaly of Ningbo ZK03 well and the Ms 8. 1 earthquake of Kunlun Mt. Pass. Inland Earthquake, 17(2): 141 - 144(in Chinese with English abstract)
Roeloffs E. 1998. Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield, California, due to local and distant earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. , 103:869-889
Sun Q, Li S Q, Luo L Q. 2005. Geochemistry of some fluid compositions in the mud of CCSD main well and their relations to seismicity. Earthquake, 25(1) : 15-21 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Q, Li SQ, Luo LQ, Zhan XC. 2005. The gas anomalies in the CCSD borehole associated with two distant strong earthquakes; the 2001 West Pass of Kunlun Mountains earthquake (Ms 8.1) and the 2004 Sumatra-Andeman earthquake ( Mw 9. 3 ). Acta Petrologies Sinica, 21 (5): 1501 - 1507(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Q, Luo L Q, Li S Q. 2004. N2 -Ar-He compositions in the mud 0- 2000m mud of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling hole. Acta Petrologica Sinica. 20 ( 1 ) : 179 - 184 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Q L, Zhang X D, Cui D X, et al. 2005. Understanding the mechanisms of premonitory anamolies and imminent precursors. Recent Developments in World Seismology, (5) : 131 - 144 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu S X, Shen P W. 1980. Some features of earthquakes distribution around Peking and crustal buckling. Acta Seismologica Sinica. 2 (2): 153 - 168(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan Y P, Xu J D, Dong R S. 2004. Tectonic background and spatial correction fractal dimension of strong earthquakes in Taiwan, China. Seismology and Geology, 26 (1) : 15 - 23 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Y L, Zhao G M, Gao G Y, et al. 2003. The slow earthquake Event occurring before West to Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of Ms 8. 1 on November 14, 2001. Recent Developments in World Seismology, 9:1 -4(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang C J, Shi Y L, Ma L. 2005. Some problems in studying slow earthquakes. Journal of the Graduate of the Chinese Academy of Science, 22(3) :258 -269(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang G M, Fu ZX , Gui X T, et al. 2001. Introduction to earthquake prediction in China. Beijing: Science press, 334 - 365
Zhang G M, Ma H S, Wang H, et al. 2005. Boundaries between active-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the China mainland. Chinese J. Geophys. , 48(3) : 138 - 146( in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang P Z, Deng Q D, Zhang G M, et al. 2003. Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China. Science in China (Series D ), 33 ( supp. ) : 12 - 20 ( in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhan X C, Luo L Q, Li Y C, et al. 2005. CCSD CO2 H2 and He abnormalities mud decomposition subsurface fluid. Geology in China. 32(2) :320-329
Zhan X C, Luo L Q, Li Y C, et al. 2006. Origin Deduction of the helium abnormities around 4906m of CCSD main hole. Rock and Mineral Analysis. 25(1): 1 -4( in Chinese with English abstract)
车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子等．2002．昆仑山口西MS8．1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义．地震,22(4):107-113
杜建国,康春丽．2000．地震地下流体发展概述．地震,20(增刊): 107-114．
范桂英,拾礼勤,李兰生．2002．2001年11月14日昆仑山西8．1级大震前徐州台数字化形变观测仪器记录的异常．地震学刊,22 (2):7-11
冯志生,杨从杰,梅卫萍等．2003．新沂台地电阻率整点值的远大震前驱波变．地震地磁观测与研究,24(4):9—13
冯志生,杨从杰,梅卫萍等．2003．江苏省数字地震前兆观测资料的初步分析．华南地震,23(2):1—12
高小其,许秋龙,王道等．2002．地下流体中强震源兆、场兆和强震远兆特征及其物理成因．地震,22(3):81—88
李冬梅,白晓勤,施行觉等．2002．山西侯马台记录到的强远震前兆波特征浅析．大地测量与地球动力学,22(3):75—77
李圣强,孙青,罗立强,詹秀春．2005．中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体异常与其附近2次ML 3．9级地震的关系．中国地质,32(2):330—335
罗立强,孙青,詹秀春．2004．中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米流体剖面及流体地球化学研究．岩石学报,20(1):185—192
罗立强,王健,李松等．2004．中国大陆科学钻探现场分析与地下流体异常识别．岩矿测试,23(2):81-86
马钦忠,尹京苑,顾学章．2003．崇明异常电磁扰动与台湾7．5级强震．地震,23(4):49—56
邱永平,夏超德．2002．宁波台矿泉井水温异常与萨尔瓦多8．0级地震的关系．华南地震,12(3):80—83
邱永平．2003．宁波ZK03井水温异常与昆仑山口西8．1级地震的关系．内陆地震,17(2):141-144
孙青,李圣强,罗立强．2005a．中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔地下流体特征及与地震活动的关系初步研究．地震,25(1):15—21
孙青,李圣强,罗立强等．2005b．中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体地球化学异常与远强震的关系．岩石学报,21(5):1501—1507
孙青,罗立强,李圣强．2004．中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米的N2、Ar和He流体地球化学．岩石学报,20(1):179—184
王庆良,张晓东,崔笃信等．2005．理解前兆异常变化机理和地震短临前兆．国际地震动态,(5):131—144
许绍燮,沈佩文．1980．北京周围地区地震的分布特点与地壳屈曲．地震学报．2(2):153—168
燕云鹏,许建东,董瑞树．2004．台湾地区地震的空间关联维特征与构造环境研究．地震地质,26(1):15—23
杨又陵,赵根模,高国英等．2003．2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8．1级地震前的缓慢地震事件．国际地震动态．9:1-4
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