琼东南盆地陆坡区深水浊积水道的地震相特征
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摘要
水道-天然堤体系作为油气储集圈闭日益引起沉积学家和勘探家的重视。地震相特征是识别深水水道的有效途径,本文基于高分辨率2D、3D地震资料的地震相分析,在琼东南盆地陆坡区深水盆地中识别出早中新世、上新世和第四纪多期深水水道体系。早中新世深水水道在地震剖面上具有强、弱振幅交替反射和相互叠置的地震反射特征,局部具有杂乱反射特点;上新世水道整体表现为强振幅,横向上连续或者半连续,纵向上为强振幅的叠加;第四纪水道在地震剖面上具有典型下切反射特点,该水道整体振幅相对较弱,但其水道轴部充填具有典型的强反射特征,这与世界典型地区的水道轴部粗粒充填强振反射一致。这几期深水水道都发育于低水位时期,为上部物源搬运引起的浊流事件而形成。
Characteristics of seismic facies is important for identifing submarine channels.Using 2D and 3D highresolution seismic data,the authors are able to identify three submarine channels that developed in Pliocene,Miocene and Quaternary on the slope of the Qiongdongnan Basin.The channel that formed in Miocene mainly has such seismic characters as strong amplitude alternating with weak amplitude,reciprocal overlying,and partly developing clutter reflection.The channel that formed in Pliocene mainly has such seismic characters as high amplitude reflections,continuous or semi-continuous transversely,overlying high amplitude reflections vertically.The channel in Quaternary is characterized by classic lower cutting reflections in seismic profile,with low amplitude reflections on the whole but classic High Amplitude Reflections(HARs) at channel axis.These submarine channels should be related with the turbidity current occurring at the Lowstand System Tract(LST).
Characteristics of seismic facies is important for identifing submarine channels.Using 2D and 3D highresolution seismic data,the authors are able to identify three submarine channels that developed in Pliocene,Miocene and Quaternary on the slope of the Qiongdongnan Basin.The channel that formed in Miocene mainly has such seismic characters as strong amplitude alternating with weak amplitude,reciprocal overlying,and partly developing clutter reflection.The channel that formed in Pliocene mainly has such seismic characters as high amplitude reflections,continuous or semi-continuous transversely,overlying high amplitude reflections vertically.The channel in Quaternary is characterized by classic lower cutting reflections in seismic profile,with low amplitude reflections on the whole but classic High Amplitude Reflections(HARs) at channel axis.These submarine channels should be related with the turbidity current occurring at the Lowstand System Tract(LST).
引文
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[2]庞雄,陈长民,朱明,等.深水沉积研究前缘问题[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):1—9.
[3]DEPTUCK M E,STEFFENS G S,BARTON M,et al.Archi-tecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:649—676.
[4]PIRMEZ C,IMRAN J.Reconstruction of turbidity currents in Amazon Channel[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:823—849.
[5]MAYALL M,JONES E,CASEY M.Turbidite channel reser-voirs-Key elements in facies prediction and effective develop-ment[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23:821—841.
[6]SOLIMAN Y S,ROWE GT.Secondary production of Ampelisca mississippiana Soliman and Wicksten 2007(Amphipoda,Crustacea)in the head of the Mississippi Canyon,northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Stud-ies in Oceanography,2008,55(24—26):2692—2698.
[7]SILVA C A D,SOUZA-FILHO P W M,RODRIGUES S W P.Morphology and modern sedimentary deposits of the macrotidal Marapanim Estuary(Amazon,Brazil)[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29(3):619—631.
[8]KOLLA V,COUMES F.Morphology,internal structure,seis-mic stratigraphy,and sedimentation of Indus Fan[J].AAPGBulletin,1987,71:650—677.
[9]MUKHERJEE A,FRYAR A E,THOMAS W A.Geologic,geo-morphic and hydrologic framework and evolution of the Bengalbasin,India and Bangladesh[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sci-ences,2009,34(3):227—244.
[10]DROZ L,RIGAUT F,COCHONAT P,et al.Morphologyand recent evolution of the Zaire turbidite systems(Gulf of Guinea)[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin,1996,108:253—269.
[11]HEINIO P,DAVIES R J.Knickpoint migration in submarinechannels in response to fold growth,western Niger Delta[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology 2007,24:434—449.
[12]WYNN R B,CRONIN B T,PEAKALL J P.Sinuous deep-water channels:Genesis,geometry and architecture[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:341—387.
[13]KOLLA V,POSAMENTIER H W,WOOD L J.Deep-waterand fluvial sinuous channels-Characteristics,similarities and dissimilarities,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:388—405.
[14]ABREU V,SULLIVAN M,PRIMEZ C,et al.Later accretionpackages(LAPS):an important reservoir element in deep watersinuous channels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003:20:631—648.
[15]SCHWENK T,SPIE V,BREITZKE M,et al.The architec-ture and evolution of the Middle Bengal Fan in vicinity of theactive channel-levee system imaged by high-resolution seismicdata[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(5):637—656.
[16]林畅松,刘景彦,蔡世祥,等.莺—琼盆地大型下切谷和海底重力流体系的沉积构成和发育背景.科学通报[J],2001,46(1):69—72.
[17]庞雄,陈长民,施和生,等.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):167—177.
[18]彭大均,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):1—11.
[19]NAVARRE J-C,CLAUDE D,LIBERELLE E,et al.Deep-water turbidite system analysis,West Africa:Sedimentary model and implications for reservoir model construction[J].The leading edge,2002,11:1132—1139.
[20]SCHWAB A M,CRONIN B T,FERREIRA H.Seismic ex-pression of channel outcrops:Offset stacked versus amalgamat-ed channel systems[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6—9):504—514.
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