复杂地表煤田地震资料处理的关键技术研究
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摘要
利用广义线性反演折射静校正和叠加能量最大剩余静校正解决由于地表因素引起的反射时差问题;用基于能量和时差调整的规则干扰压制技术消除与地表有关的干扰波;用基于频谱调制的地表一致性反褶积技术补偿激发和接收因素引起的地震记录频谱差异,增强地震信号在叠加剖面上的聚焦能力.结果表明,上述方案降低了地表因素对地震信号的能量、频率和传播时间的影响,在共炮点道集上,折射波同相轴的线性轨迹和煤层反射同相轴的双曲线轨迹被清晰地恢复出来.叠加剖面上煤层反射的旁瓣得到压制,主频提高了10 Hz,改善了地震资料描述煤层结构的能力.
The arrival time differences caused by surface factors were corrected by the generalized linear inversion refraction static correction and stack-power maximization residual static correction.The surface-related noises were suppressed by the regular noise elimination technique based on the power and time shift adjustment.The spectrum differences resulted from exciting and receiving factors were compensated by the surface-consistent deconvolution based on a spectrum-modulation to focus the seismic reflection in the stack data.The results show that the proposed scheme weakened the effects of the surface factors on energy,frequency and travel time.The linear tracks of refracted events and hyperbolic tracks of reflected events were clearly recovered in the shot gathers.On the stack sections the sidelobes of coalbed reflections were suppressed and the dominant frequency was increased by 10 Hz,in which the ability of seismic data to describe the coalbed structure was improved.
The arrival time differences caused by surface factors were corrected by the generalized linear inversion refraction static correction and stack-power maximization residual static correction.The surface-related noises were suppressed by the regular noise elimination technique based on the power and time shift adjustment.The spectrum differences resulted from exciting and receiving factors were compensated by the surface-consistent deconvolution based on a spectrum-modulation to focus the seismic reflection in the stack data.The results show that the proposed scheme weakened the effects of the surface factors on energy,frequency and travel time.The linear tracks of refracted events and hyperbolic tracks of reflected events were clearly recovered in the shot gathers.On the stack sections the sidelobes of coalbed reflections were suppressed and the dominant frequency was increased by 10 Hz,in which the ability of seismic data to describe the coalbed structure was improved.
引文
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[16]李国发,彭苏萍,何兵寿,等.转换波地震资料处理的关键问题与解决方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(1):41-45.LI Guo-fa,PENG Su-ping,HE Bing-shou,et al.Key problems and solutions in processing converted-wave seismic data[J].Journal of China Universityof Mining&Technology,2005,34(1):41-45.
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[2]孔炜,样瑞召,彭苏萍.地震属性分析在煤田拟声波三维数据体预测中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,43(4):443-446.KONG Wei,YANG Rui-zhao,PENG Su-ping.Ap-plication of seismic multi-attribute analysis in predic-tion 3D pseudo sonic logging cube of coalfield[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2005,34(1):41-45.
[3]董守华,马彦良,周明.煤层厚度与振幅、频率地震属性的正演模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):30-32.DONG Shou-hua,MA Yan-liang,ZHOU Ming.Forward modeling of relationship between coal seamthickness and seismic attributes of amplitude and fre-quency[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(1):30-32.
[4]崔若飞,李晋平,庞留彦,等.地震属性技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(3):268-270.CUI Ruo-fei,LI Jin-ping,PANG Liu-yan,et al.Re-search and application of seismic attribute techniquein coal exploration[J].Journal of China University ofMining&Technology,2002,31(3):268-270.
[5]许永忠,崔若飞,潘冬明,等.煤田采区火成岩分布地震反演技术的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):265-268.XU Yong-zhong,CUI Ruo-fei,PAN Dong-ming,etal.Application of seismic inversion based on modelfor igneous distributing in coalfields[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(2):265-268.
[6]周俊杰,李士详,贾运巧,等.复杂山区煤田三维地震数据采集技术研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):106-112.ZHOU Jun-jie,LI Shi-xiang,JIA Yun-qiao,et al.The research on the acquisition technology of 3D seis-mic exploration in coal field in complicated mountain-ous area[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):106-112.
[7]李金花,解团结,刘原英.黄土山区煤田三维地震勘探应用实例[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(3):54-56.LI Jin-hua,XIE Tuan-jie,LIU Yuan-ying.Loesshigh country coalfield 3D seismic prospecting example[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(3):54-56.
[8]徐成明,王云.地表复杂地区煤田地震勘探方法及效果[J].物探与化探,2001,25(6):437-442.XU Cheng-ming,WANG Yun.Coalfield seismic ex-ploration method in surface complex areas and itseffects[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2001,25(6):437-442
[9]宋国良,冯玉芬.煤田高分辨率地震勘探方法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):32-34.SONG Guo-liang,FENG Yu-fen.High resolutionseismic technology in coal exploration[J].Progressin Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(4):32-34.
[10]HENSON H,SEXTON J L.Premine study of shal-low coal seams using high-resolution seismic reflec-tion methods[J].Geophysics,1991,56(9):1494-1504.
[11]WALTON C,EVANS B,UROSEVIC M.Imagingcoal seam structure using 3-D seismic methods[J.].Exploration Geophysics,2000,31(3):509-514.
[12]HAMPSON D,and RUSSELL B.First-break inter-pretation using generalized linear inversion[J].Journal of the Canadian society of exploration geo-physicist,1984,20(1):40-50.
[13]LI Guo-fa,PENG Su-ping.Static corrections forlow S/N ratio converted-wave seismic data[J].Ap-plied Geophysics,2008,5(1):44-46.
[14]RONEN J,CLAERBOUT J F.Surface-consistentresidual statics estimation by stack-power maximiza-tion[J].Geophysics,1985,50(12):2759-2767.
[15]高少武,赵波,周兴元.自适应相干噪声衰减技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):242-246.GAO Shao-wu,ZHAO Bo,ZHOU Xing-yuan.Self-adaptive coherent noise attenuation technique[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(3):242-246.
[16]李国发,彭苏萍,何兵寿,等.转换波地震资料处理的关键问题与解决方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(1):41-45.LI Guo-fa,PENG Su-ping,HE Bing-shou,et al.Key problems and solutions in processing converted-wave seismic data[J].Journal of China Universityof Mining&Technology,2005,34(1):41-45.
[17]李国发,牟永光.频谱调制技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):598-601.LI Guo-fa,MOU Yong-guang.Spectrum-modulatedtechnique[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(5):598-601.
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