雷达用于地震预测的基础实验研究
摘要
为将雷达技术应用于地震预测,在实验室对花岗岩等不同岩性的27个岩石试样进行了加压实验观测研究,使用的雷达测量仪器是美国HP公司生产的专用RSC测量系统,观测8mm,2cm,3cm和5cm四个雷达波段,在加压的过程中自动连续测量岩石试样的雷达波反射强度随压力的变化,实验表明:反映岩石试样微波反射特性的雷达波反射强度随压力变化而变化,在实验的27个岩石试样中,无一例外,只是在不同试样、不同波段或不同极化方式的实验中存在变化幅度和趋势的差异.岩石试样反射波强度的相对变化量为百分之几到百分之十几,花岗岩的最大变化量达到20.2%(113号试样),砂岩的最大变化量达到27.9%(212号试样).实验结果为将雷达技术应用于地震预测、岩体及岩土工程稳定性监测和稳定性评价提出了实验依据,奠定了物理基础.
To apply the radar technology to earthquake prediction, experiments of detecting variations in the reflection radar wave intensity associated with loading on rock samples have been performed on 27 rock samples with different mechanical characters in the laboratory. The radar measuring instrument used was the whole set of special equipment with type_RSC produced by HP Co., USA. Measurements were made on four radar wavebands of 8mm, 2cm, 3cm and 5cm, respectively. The variations in the radar wave reflection intensity of the rock samples with the loading stress are recorded automatically and continuously in the loading process. The experiment shows that there do exist variations in the reflection radar wave intensity which are closely related to the microwave reflection characteristics of the subject in the loading phase and unloading phase for all samples without exceptions, with only differences in the quantity and trends of the variations for different samples or different wave bands and different polarization modes. The relative variations of the reflection radar wave intensity for most rock samples are a few percents to more than ten percents, and the maximum variation of the granite (sample No.113) even reaches 20.2% and that of the sandstone (sample No.212) reaches 27.9% as the biggest two in the experiments. The experimental results would provide an experimental evidence and physical bases for applying the radar technique to earthquake prediction, and monitoring and assessment of stability in geotechnical engineering.
To apply the radar technology to earthquake prediction, experiments of detecting variations in the reflection radar wave intensity associated with loading on rock samples have been performed on 27 rock samples with different mechanical characters in the laboratory. The radar measuring instrument used was the whole set of special equipment with type_RSC produced by HP Co., USA. Measurements were made on four radar wavebands of 8mm, 2cm, 3cm and 5cm, respectively. The variations in the radar wave reflection intensity of the rock samples with the loading stress are recorded automatically and continuously in the loading process. The experiment shows that there do exist variations in the reflection radar wave intensity which are closely related to the microwave reflection characteristics of the subject in the loading phase and unloading phase for all samples without exceptions, with only differences in the quantity and trends of the variations for different samples or different wave bands and different polarization modes. The relative variations of the reflection radar wave intensity for most rock samples are a few percents to more than ten percents, and the maximum variation of the granite (sample No.113) even reaches 20.2% and that of the sandstone (sample No.212) reaches 27.9% as the biggest two in the experiments. The experimental results would provide an experimental evidence and physical bases for applying the radar technique to earthquake prediction, and monitoring and assessment of stability in geotechnical engineering.
引文
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[2]BradgBT,RowellGA.Laboratoryinvestigationofthe electrodynamicsofrockfracture.Nature,1986,321:488～492
[3]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉等.岩石破裂中的电子发射.地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566～571GuoZQ,ZhouDZ,ShiXJ,etal.Electronemissionduringrock fracture.ChineseJ.Geophys.(inChinese),1988,31(5):566～571
[4]MartelliG,SmithPN,WoodwardAJ.Lightradiofrequencyemission andionizationeffectsassociatedwithrockfracture.Geophys.J.Int.,1989,98:397～401
[5]钱书清,任克新,吕智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF,MF,HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究.地震学报,1996,18(3):346～351QianSQ,RenKX,LuZ.Experimentalstudyofthefeaturesof VLF,MF,HFandVHFelectromagneticradiationaccompanyingrock fracture.ActaSeismologicaSinica(inChinese),1996,18(3):346～351
[6]郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常.地震学报,2003,25(1):102～111HaoJQ,QianSQ,GaoJT,etal.ULFelectricandmagnetic anomaliesaccompanyingthecrackingofrocksample.ActaSeismologicaSinica(inChinese),2003,25(1):102～111
[7]强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常———临震前兆.科学通报,1990,35(17):1324～1327QiangZJ,XuXD,DianCG.Thesatellitethermalinfrared anomaly—impendingearthquakeprecursor.ChineseScienceBulletin(inChinese),1990,35(17):1324～1327
[8]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外图像与震兆异常———澜沧地震前热红外图像的启示.环境遥感,1991,6(4):261～266XuXD,QiangZJ,DianCG.Thesatellitethermalinfraredimage andearthquakeprecursoryanomaly:inspirationfromthermalinfrared imagepriortoLancangearthquake.RemoteSensingofEnvironment China,1991,6(4):261～266
[9]耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感观测与遥感岩石力学的开端.地震学报,1992,14(增刊):645～652GengNG,CuiCY,DengMD.Theremotesensingobservationin experimentsofrockfailureandthebeginningofremotesensingrock mechanics.ActaSeismologicaSinica(inChinese),1992,14(Suppl.):645～652
[10]崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究.科学通报,1993,38(6):538～541CuiCY,DengMD,GengNG.Rockspectralradiationsignatures underdifferentpressures.ChineseScienceBulletin(inChinese),1993,38(6):538～541
[11]邓明德,崔承禹,耿乃光.遥感用于地震预报的理论及实验结果.中国地震,1993,9(2):163～169DengMD,CuiCY,GengNG.Applicationofprincipleofremote sensingtoearthquakepredicationandtheexperimentalresults.EarthquakeResearchinChina(inChinese),1993,9(2):163～169
[12]邓明德,樊正芳,崔承禹等.无源微波遥感用于地震预报的实验研究.红外与毫米波学报,1995,14(6):401～406DengMD,FanZF,CuiCY,etal.Theexperimentalstudyfor earthquakepredictionbypassivemicrowaveremotesensing.Journal ofInfraredandMillimeterWaves(inChinese),1995,14(6):401～406
[13]尹京苑,房宗绯,钱家栋等.红外遥感用于地震预测及其物理机理研究.中国地震,2000,16(2):140～148YinJY,FangZF,QianJD,etal.Researchontheapplicationof infraredremotesensinginearthquakepredicationanditsphysical mechanism.EarthquakeResearchinChina(inChinese),2000,16(2):140～148
[14]房宗绯,邓明德,钱家栋等.无源微波遥感用于地震预测及物理机理研究.地球物理学报,2000,43(4):464～470FangZF,DengMD,QianJD,etal.Applicationofpassive microwaveremotesensingtechnologytotheseismicpredictionandits physicalmechanism.ChineseJ.Geophys.(inChinese),2000,43(4):464～470
[15]邓明德,籍全权,崔承禹等.用遥感法测量钢建筑物应力的实验研究.科学通报,1995,40(22):2075～2077DengMD,JiQQ,CuiCY,etal.Experimentalstudyon measurementofthestressofthesteelbuildingbyremotesensing method.ChineseScienceBulletin(inChinese),1995,40(22):2075～2077
[16]邓明德,钱家栋,尹京苑等.红外遥感用于大型混凝土工程稳定性监测和失稳预测研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):147～150DengMD,QianJD,YinJY,etal.Researchontheapplicationof infraredremotesensinginthestabilitymonitoringandunstability predictionoflargeconcreteengineering.ChineseJournalofRock MechanicsandEngineering(inChinese),2001,20(2):147～150
[17]邓明德,尹京苑,钱家栋等.无源微波遥感用于监测混凝土工程稳定性的实验研究.红外与毫米波学报,2001,20(2):102～106DengMD,YinJY,QianJD,etal.Experimentalresearchonthe applicationofpassivemicrowaveremotesensingtothestability monitoringofconcreteengineering.JournalofInfraredandMillimeter Waves(inChinese),2001,20(2):102～106
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