台湾恒春地震前的卫星热红外异常特征及其机理
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摘要
构造地震前卫星热红外异常是国际地震界与遥感界的共同研究热点。分析2006年12月26日台湾恒春7.2级地震前出现的卫星热红外异常现象,其特征表现为:震前6d在菲律宾东部太平洋海域出现片状热异常,并不断向西迁移;震前2d到达菲律宾;之后沿马尼拉海沟转为北上,并由远到近、逐渐向震中迁移,同时异常的强度及范围逐渐扩大;临震前1d达到高峰,升温幅度约10℃。结合该震区构造背景,对此次卫星热红外异常与构造活动的关系进行了分析,表明震前红外异常的出现及其时空演化受构造活动控制显著。利用已有遥感-岩石力学基础实验结果,对震前红外异常的产生机制进行了讨论,提出震前构造应力场的迁移与集中活动所激发与加剧的应力热与地热的传递,及其与孕震区温室效应的叠加,是此次地震卫星热红外异常产生的主要机理。
Thermal infrared anomaly before tectonic earthquake is a much studied topic related with seismology and remote sensing.In this paper,the thermal infrared anomaly before the Hengchun earthquake(Dec.26,2006,Ms=7.2)in Taiwan region is analyzed.The results show that the anomaly has the following features:① a thermal infrared anomaly area appeared on the east of Philippines six days before Hengchun earthquake,and it gradually moved toward west;② the anomaly moves to Philippines two days before shocking;③ then the anomaly changed its moving direction from westward to northward,the anomaly became gradually close to the epicenter,and the strength as well as the scope of the anomaly region became more and more larger;④ the strength of the anomaly reached the peak one day before shocking,and the brightness temperature increased by about 10℃.The relationship between the thermal anomaly and the tectonic activity of Taiwan region is also studied.The results indicate that the satellite thermal anomaly before Hengchun earthquake is evidently controlled by the tectonic activity of Taiwan region.It is suggested that the overall action of the out-going stress heating effect and the geothermal and the greenhouse effect initiated and amplified by the movement and concentration of crustal stress field in the seismogenic zone is the chief mechanism of satellite thermal anomaly before Hengchun earthquake.
Thermal infrared anomaly before tectonic earthquake is a much studied topic related with seismology and remote sensing.In this paper,the thermal infrared anomaly before the Hengchun earthquake(Dec.26,2006,Ms=7.2)in Taiwan region is analyzed.The results show that the anomaly has the following features:① a thermal infrared anomaly area appeared on the east of Philippines six days before Hengchun earthquake,and it gradually moved toward west;② the anomaly moves to Philippines two days before shocking;③ then the anomaly changed its moving direction from westward to northward,the anomaly became gradually close to the epicenter,and the strength as well as the scope of the anomaly region became more and more larger;④ the strength of the anomaly reached the peak one day before shocking,and the brightness temperature increased by about 10℃.The relationship between the thermal anomaly and the tectonic activity of Taiwan region is also studied.The results indicate that the satellite thermal anomaly before Hengchun earthquake is evidently controlled by the tectonic activity of Taiwan region.It is suggested that the overall action of the out-going stress heating effect and the geothermal and the greenhouse effect initiated and amplified by the movement and concentration of crustal stress field in the seismogenic zone is the chief mechanism of satellite thermal anomaly before Hengchun earthquake.
引文
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[6]刘德富,罗灼礼,彭克银.强烈地震前的OLR异常现象[J].地震,1997,17(2):126-132.LIU Defu,LUO Zhuoli,PENG Keyin.OLR anomalous phenomena before strong earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1997,17(2):126-132.
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[8]徐秀登,徐向民,王煜.台湾南投7.6级地震前卫星红外异常[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):666-669.XU Xiudeng,XU Xiangmin,WANG Yu.Satellite infrared anomaly before Nantou Ms=7.6earthquake in Taiwan,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):666-669.
[9]OUZOUNOV D,BRYANT N,LOGAN T,et al.Satellite thermal IR phenomena associated with some of the major earthquakes in1999-2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:154-163.
[10]TRAMUTOLI V,CUOMOB V,FILIZZOLA C,et al.Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas:The case of Kocaeli(Izmit)earthquake,August17,1999[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,96:409-426.
[11]ARUN K S,SWAPNAMITA C.Thermal remote sensing technique in the study of pre-earthquake thermal anomalies[J].J Ind Geophys Union,2005,9(3):197-207.
[12]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化——以南北地震构造带为例.地球物理学报[J].2006,49(3):816-823.MA Jin,CHEN Shunyun,LIU Peixun,et al.Temporal-spatial variations of associated faulting inferred from satellite infrared information:A case study of the N-S seismo-tectonic zone in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):816-823.
[13]蔡永恩.地震前断层蠕动与地温异常的探讨[J].地震学报,1987,10(2):165-174.CAI Yongen.Discussion on fault creeping and geothermal anomaly before earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1987,10(2):165-174.
[14]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满江,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J]地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.QIANG Zuji,KONG Lingchang,GUO Manhong,et al.An experimental study on temperature increasing mechanism of satellitic thermo-infrared[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.
[15]TRONIN A A.Satellite thermal survey application for earthquake prediction[M].Terra Sci Publ,Tokyo,Japan,1999:717-746.
[16]耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83-88.GENG Naiguang,YU Ping,DENG Mingde,et al.The simulated experimental studies on cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1998,18(1):83-88.
[17]FREUND F T.Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow:strange pre-earthquake phenomena[J].Journal of Scientific Exploration,2003,17:37-71.
[18]PULINETS S A,OUZOUNOV D,KARELIN A V,et al.The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong earthquakes[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:143-153.
[19]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅰ)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24-30.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(I)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discontinuous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24-30.
[20]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅱ)——断层双剪粘滑的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):192-198.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(II)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation from viscosity-sliding of bi-shearedfaults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):192-198.
[21]吴立新,刘善军,许向红,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅲ)——交汇断层粘滑的热红外辐射与声发射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):401-407.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,XU Xianghong,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(III)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation and acoustic emission from friction sliding intersected faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):401-407.
[22]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅳ)——岩石压剪破裂的热红外辐射规律及其地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):539-544.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote-sensing-rock mechanics(IV)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation from compressively-sheared fracturing of rock and its meanings for earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):539-544.
[23]WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part I:IRR image abnormalities.Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):473-482.
[24]WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part II:IRR T-Curve abnormalities[J].Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):483-493.
[25]刘善军,吴立新,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅴ)——岩石粘滑过程中红外辐射的影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):730-750.LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(V)——Analysis on the factors affecting thermal infrared radiation in process of rock viscosity sliding[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):730-750.
[26]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华.遥感-岩石力学引论:岩石受力灾变的红外遥感[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua.An introduction to remote sensing-rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[27]卢振权,强祖基,吴必豪.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):42-46.LU Zhenquan,QIANG Zuji,WU Bihao.A tentative interpretation of the formation of high temperature anomaly in satellite based thermal infrared scanning images(STISI)of the South China Sea before earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(1):42-46.
[2]强祖基,孔令昌,王弋平,等.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,1992,37(24):2259-2262.QIANG Zuji,KONG Lingchang,WANG Yiping,et al.Earth gas releasing,thermal infrared anomaly and seismic activity[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37(24):2259-2262.
[3]TRONIN A A.Satellite thermal survey:A new tool for the study of seismoactive regions[J].Int J Remote Sensing,1996,17(8):1439-1455.
[4]李茂玮,扬忠东.卫星遥感资料在地震预报中的应用研究(以1991年柯坪6.5级地震为例)[J].内陆地震,1996,10(4):296-303.LI Maowei,YANG Zhongdong.Study on application of infrared data of satellite remote sensing to earthquake prediction explained through an example of Keping Ms=6.5earthquake in1991[J].Inland Earthquake,1996,10(4):296-303.
[5]孔令昌,强祖基.台湾海峡7.3级强震前的热红外增温异常[J].地震学刊.1997(3):34-37.KONG Lingchang,QIANG Zuji.Anomaly of thermal infrared increase temperature before Taiwan strait earthquake of Ms7.3[J].Journal of Seismology,1997(3):34-37.
[6]刘德富,罗灼礼,彭克银.强烈地震前的OLR异常现象[J].地震,1997,17(2):126-132.LIU Defu,LUO Zhuoli,PENG Keyin.OLR anomalous phenomena before strong earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1997,17(2):126-132.
[7]吕琪琦,丁鉴海,崔承禹,等.张北6.2级地震前的卫星热红外异常地震[J].地震,1998,18(3):240-244.LU Qiqi,DING Jianhai,CUI Chengyu,et al.Satellite thermal infrared anomaly before the Zhangbei earthquake Ms=6.2[J].Earthquake,1998,18(3):240-244.
[8]徐秀登,徐向民,王煜.台湾南投7.6级地震前卫星红外异常[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):666-669.XU Xiudeng,XU Xiangmin,WANG Yu.Satellite infrared anomaly before Nantou Ms=7.6earthquake in Taiwan,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):666-669.
[9]OUZOUNOV D,BRYANT N,LOGAN T,et al.Satellite thermal IR phenomena associated with some of the major earthquakes in1999-2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:154-163.
[10]TRAMUTOLI V,CUOMOB V,FILIZZOLA C,et al.Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas:The case of Kocaeli(Izmit)earthquake,August17,1999[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,96:409-426.
[11]ARUN K S,SWAPNAMITA C.Thermal remote sensing technique in the study of pre-earthquake thermal anomalies[J].J Ind Geophys Union,2005,9(3):197-207.
[12]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化——以南北地震构造带为例.地球物理学报[J].2006,49(3):816-823.MA Jin,CHEN Shunyun,LIU Peixun,et al.Temporal-spatial variations of associated faulting inferred from satellite infrared information:A case study of the N-S seismo-tectonic zone in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):816-823.
[13]蔡永恩.地震前断层蠕动与地温异常的探讨[J].地震学报,1987,10(2):165-174.CAI Yongen.Discussion on fault creeping and geothermal anomaly before earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1987,10(2):165-174.
[14]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满江,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J]地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.QIANG Zuji,KONG Lingchang,GUO Manhong,et al.An experimental study on temperature increasing mechanism of satellitic thermo-infrared[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.
[15]TRONIN A A.Satellite thermal survey application for earthquake prediction[M].Terra Sci Publ,Tokyo,Japan,1999:717-746.
[16]耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83-88.GENG Naiguang,YU Ping,DENG Mingde,et al.The simulated experimental studies on cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1998,18(1):83-88.
[17]FREUND F T.Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow:strange pre-earthquake phenomena[J].Journal of Scientific Exploration,2003,17:37-71.
[18]PULINETS S A,OUZOUNOV D,KARELIN A V,et al.The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong earthquakes[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:143-153.
[19]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅰ)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24-30.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(I)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discontinuous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24-30.
[20]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅱ)——断层双剪粘滑的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):192-198.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(II)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation from viscosity-sliding of bi-shearedfaults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):192-198.
[21]吴立新,刘善军,许向红,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅲ)——交汇断层粘滑的热红外辐射与声发射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):401-407.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,XU Xianghong,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(III)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation and acoustic emission from friction sliding intersected faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):401-407.
[22]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅳ)——岩石压剪破裂的热红外辐射规律及其地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):539-544.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote-sensing-rock mechanics(IV)——Laws of thermal infrared radiation from compressively-sheared fracturing of rock and its meanings for earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):539-544.
[23]WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part I:IRR image abnormalities.Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):473-482.
[24]WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part II:IRR T-Curve abnormalities[J].Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):483-493.
[25]刘善军,吴立新,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅴ)——岩石粘滑过程中红外辐射的影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):730-750.LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(V)——Analysis on the factors affecting thermal infrared radiation in process of rock viscosity sliding[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):730-750.
[26]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华.遥感-岩石力学引论:岩石受力灾变的红外遥感[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua.An introduction to remote sensing-rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[27]卢振权,强祖基,吴必豪.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):42-46.LU Zhenquan,QIANG Zuji,WU Bihao.A tentative interpretation of the formation of high temperature anomaly in satellite based thermal infrared scanning images(STISI)of the South China Sea before earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(1):42-46.
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