利用错格虚谱法模拟礁、滩相储层地震波场
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摘要
文中基于中国西部F地区的声波测井资料设计了四层礁、滩相地质模型,并用气、水分别替换礁、滩内部的流体,利用错格虚谱法模拟礁、滩相储层地震波场,避免了常规虚谱法在选用粗网格模拟小尺寸礁、滩时出现的不收敛现象,提高了计算效率。结果表明:①无论是含气还是含水,礁、滩相的边界与尺寸都能清晰分辨,但与礁、滩同时含气的模型相比,在滩含水、礁含气的模型中,礁边界成像较为清晰,滩边界较模糊;②若仅从完全弹性波动传播理论出发,从地表观测记录可以准确检测到深度大于3000m的小尺寸礁、滩结构,并且在已知围岩速度与孔隙度分布的前提下,可从地震剖面中直接识别礁、滩中的气、水分布。然而,在实际工作中,礁、滩的识别受到多种因素制约,尤其是地震波的衰减和频散,所以对于含流体的地层,其在地震频段的速度建模将是目前必须解决的一个难题。
Based on sonic log data in F area of western China, four-layer reef beach facies geological model was designed in this paper, air and water were used to replace the fluid inside the reef and beach, and the staggerred pseudospectrum method was used to simulate seismic wave field of the reef beach facies reservoirs, as a result the non-convergence was avoided when routine pseudospectrum method was used to simulate the small size reef and beach, and the calculation efficiency was raised. The studies achieved the following results: (1): whether reef and beach contain gas or water, their sizes and boundary can be clearly imaged, when comparing with the gas-bearing reef and beach model, for the model in which the reef bearing water and the beach bearing gas, reef’s boundary can be clearly imaged while the beach’s boundary was imaged fuzzily. (2): if totally based on full elastic wave propagation theory, small reef beach structure which is 3000 meter below the surface can be accurately detected from surface seismic data, if the surround rock’s velocity and porosity are known, the gas and water distribution can be directly detected from surface seismic data, but in real world the detecting of reef and beach are affected by many factors, especially the seismic wave attenuation and frequency dispersion, therefore for strata which contain fluid, the velocity modeling within the seismic frequency band will be the problem which must be overcame at the moment.
Based on sonic log data in F area of western China, four-layer reef beach facies geological model was designed in this paper, air and water were used to replace the fluid inside the reef and beach, and the staggerred pseudospectrum method was used to simulate seismic wave field of the reef beach facies reservoirs, as a result the non-convergence was avoided when routine pseudospectrum method was used to simulate the small size reef and beach, and the calculation efficiency was raised. The studies achieved the following results: (1): whether reef and beach contain gas or water, their sizes and boundary can be clearly imaged, when comparing with the gas-bearing reef and beach model, for the model in which the reef bearing water and the beach bearing gas, reef’s boundary can be clearly imaged while the beach’s boundary was imaged fuzzily. (2): if totally based on full elastic wave propagation theory, small reef beach structure which is 3000 meter below the surface can be accurately detected from surface seismic data, if the surround rock’s velocity and porosity are known, the gas and water distribution can be directly detected from surface seismic data, but in real world the detecting of reef and beach are affected by many factors, especially the seismic wave attenuation and frequency dispersion, therefore for strata which contain fluid, the velocity modeling within the seismic frequency band will be the problem which must be overcame at the moment.
引文
[1]熊晓军,贺振华,黄德济.生物礁地震响应特征的数值模拟.石油学报,2009,30(1):75~79
[2]蔡涵鹏,贺振华,黄德济.礁、滩相油气储层预测方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):685~688
[3]敬朋贵.川东北地区礁、滩相储层预测技术与应用.石油物探,2007,46(4):363~369
[4]田迎春,杨慧珠.含两种流体的饱和孔隙介质的有限元数值模拟.应用地球物理,2010,7(待刊)
[5]符力耘,牟永光.弹性波边界元法正演模拟.地球物理学报,1994,37:521~529
[6]裴正林.双相各向异性介质弹性波传播交错网格高阶有限差分法模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):137~143
[7]杜启振,孔丽云,韩世春.裂缝诱导各向异性双孔隙介质波场传播特征.地球物理学报,2009,52(4):1049~1058
[8]巴晶,卢明辉,胡彬,杨慧珠.黏弹双相介质中的松弛骨架模型.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1527~1537
[9]Ba J,Nie J X,Cao H,Yang H Z.Mesoscopic fluid flow si mulation in double-porosity rocks.Geophysi-cal Research Letters,2008,35:L04303
[10]Ba J,Cao H,Yao F C,Nie J X,Yang HZ.Double-po-rosity rock model and squirt flow in laboratory fre-quency band.Applied Geophysics,2008,5(4):261~276
[11]赵志新,徐纪人,崛内茂木.错格实数傅里叶变换微分算子及其在非均匀介质波动传播研究中的应用.地球物理学报,2003,46(2):234~240
[12]刘炯,马坚伟,杨慧珠,巴晶.缝洞型储层错格伪谱法模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):723~727
[13]首皓,姚逢昌,曹宏,刘洪.基于共炮偏移与谐波分解的AVO反演.石油地球物理勘探.2009,44(1):38~42
[14]Ba J,Cao H,Yao F C,Yang Z F.Pore heterogeneity induces double-porosityin Guang'an sandstone.CPS/SEG Beijing2009,Beijing,China,2009
[2]蔡涵鹏,贺振华,黄德济.礁、滩相油气储层预测方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):685~688
[3]敬朋贵.川东北地区礁、滩相储层预测技术与应用.石油物探,2007,46(4):363~369
[4]田迎春,杨慧珠.含两种流体的饱和孔隙介质的有限元数值模拟.应用地球物理,2010,7(待刊)
[5]符力耘,牟永光.弹性波边界元法正演模拟.地球物理学报,1994,37:521~529
[6]裴正林.双相各向异性介质弹性波传播交错网格高阶有限差分法模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):137~143
[7]杜启振,孔丽云,韩世春.裂缝诱导各向异性双孔隙介质波场传播特征.地球物理学报,2009,52(4):1049~1058
[8]巴晶,卢明辉,胡彬,杨慧珠.黏弹双相介质中的松弛骨架模型.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1527~1537
[9]Ba J,Nie J X,Cao H,Yang H Z.Mesoscopic fluid flow si mulation in double-porosity rocks.Geophysi-cal Research Letters,2008,35:L04303
[10]Ba J,Cao H,Yao F C,Nie J X,Yang HZ.Double-po-rosity rock model and squirt flow in laboratory fre-quency band.Applied Geophysics,2008,5(4):261~276
[11]赵志新,徐纪人,崛内茂木.错格实数傅里叶变换微分算子及其在非均匀介质波动传播研究中的应用.地球物理学报,2003,46(2):234~240
[12]刘炯,马坚伟,杨慧珠,巴晶.缝洞型储层错格伪谱法模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):723~727
[13]首皓,姚逢昌,曹宏,刘洪.基于共炮偏移与谐波分解的AVO反演.石油地球物理勘探.2009,44(1):38~42
[14]Ba J,Cao H,Yao F C,Yang Z F.Pore heterogeneity induces double-porosityin Guang'an sandstone.CPS/SEG Beijing2009,Beijing,China,2009
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