青藏高原地震断裂共轭角分布特征及其大陆动力学意义
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摘要
青藏高原走滑型地震断裂共轭角的分布范围约为 5 0°～ 110°,总的趋势是随着与喜马拉雅驱动边界距离的增大而减小 ,并具有波状起伏的特征 ,反映多震层内应变随距离的变化。该层共轭角的波状起伏与岩石圈下层的应变起伏相互对应 ,前者滞后于后者 ,表明上层共轭角的变化主要受控于下层应变的波动传播。对于地震断裂共轭角分布特征的研究为多震层应变场的推测提供了新的途径
The conjugate angles of strike-slip seismic faults range from about 50° up to 110° in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and, generally, tend to decrease and undulate with the increase of the distance from the Himalayan driving boundary, which principally show the variation of strain versus distance in the seismogenic layer. The undulation of conjugate angle values in the seismogenic layer corresponds, with some delay, to that of strains in the lower lithosphere, indicating the variation of the conjugate angles in the upper layer to be controlled mainly by the propagation of strain waves in the lower layer. The study of the distribution of conjugate angles of seismic faults is expected to provide a new approach to the estimation of strain field in the seismogenic layer.
The conjugate angles of strike-slip seismic faults range from about 50° up to 110° in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and, generally, tend to decrease and undulate with the increase of the distance from the Himalayan driving boundary, which principally show the variation of strain versus distance in the seismogenic layer. The undulation of conjugate angle values in the seismogenic layer corresponds, with some delay, to that of strains in the lower lithosphere, indicating the variation of the conjugate angles in the upper layer to be controlled mainly by the propagation of strain waves in the lower layer. The study of the distribution of conjugate angles of seismic faults is expected to provide a new approach to the estimation of strain field in the seismogenic layer.
引文
程国良,孙宇航,孙青格,等.1995.显生宙中国大地构造演化的古地磁研究.地震地质,17(1):69～78.
丁国瑜,李永善.1979.我国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络.地质学报,53(1):22～34.
杜兴信,邵辉成.1999.由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场.地震学报,21(4):354～360.
李春昱,王荃,刘雪亚,等.1982,亚洲大地构造图(1:800万)及说明书.北京:中国地图出版社.
李建华.1998.利用卫星图像研究西藏羌塘及邻区的断裂活动性.地震地质,20(3):201～207.
马杏垣.1987.中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图(1:400万)及说明书.北京:地质出版社.
马杏垣主编.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.
马宗晋.1982.地震与断裂关系的讨论.见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社,14～18.
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王嘉荫.1963.中国地质史料.北京:科学出版社.
王绳祖.1985.岩石共轭剪切网络的实验研究.见:现代地壳运动研究(1).北京:地震出版社,171～178,190～192.
王绳祖.1988.烈度分布的几何特征和震源参数的估计.地震地质,10(1):61～69.
王绳祖.1993 a.亚洲大陆岩石圈多层构造模型和塑性流动网络.地质学报,67(1):1～18.
王绳祖.1993 b.岩石的脆性—延性转变及塑性流动网络.地球物理学进展,8(4):25～37.
王绳祖.2001.亚洲中东部岩石圈下层网络状塑性流动与应变场.地质论评,47(5):459～466.
王绳祖.2002.青藏高原岩石圈多层构造应力场.地震,22(3):21～26.
王绳祖,张四昌,田勤俭,等.2001.大陆动力学—网状塑性流动与多级构造变形.北京:地震出版社.
王子潮,王绳祖,张宗淳.1987.柴达木盆地中东部地区北北东向构造基本特征及第四纪的活动性.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(3).北京:地震出版社,26～36.
吴章明,邓起东.1989.西藏崩错8级地震地表破裂的变形特征及其破裂机制.地震地质,11(1):15～25.
张四昌.1985.华北地区的地震分布图象与共轭孕震构造.华北地震科学,3(2):9～18.
张四昌.1991.中国大陆共轭地震构造研究.中国地震,7(2):69～76
Audley-CharlesM G,BallantyneP D andHallR.1989.Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift-drift sequence ofAsian fragments fromGond-wanaland.Tectonophysics,155(1～4):317～330.
ChengGuoliang,SunYuhang,SunQingge,etal.1995.Paleomag-netic research on the phanerozoic tectonic evolution ofChina.Seismology andGeology,17(1):69～78( inChinese withEng-lish abstract).
DingGuoyu,LiYongshan.1979.Seismicity and recent fracturingpattern of the earth crust inChina.ActaGeologicaSinica,53(1):22～34( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
DuXingxin,ShaoHuicheng.1999.Modern tectonic stress field intheChinese mainland inversed from focal mechanism solutions.ActaSeismologicaSinica,21(4):354～360( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
KarnikV.1971.Seismicity of theEuropeanArea,Part2.Dor-drecht:D.Reidel.
L iChunyu,WangQuan,L iuXueya,et al.1982.TectonicMap ofAsia(Scale1∶8000000) withExplanatoryNotes.Beijing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse( inChinese andEnglish).
L iJianhua.1998.A study on fault activity ofQiangtang and itsneighboring areas inXizang(Tibet) by using landsat images.Seismology andGeology,15(1):201～207( inChinese witEnglish abstract).
MaXingyuan.1987.L ithosphericDynamicsMap ofChina andAd-jacentSeas(Scale1∶4000000).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse.
MaXingyuan.1987.L ithosphericDynamicsAtlas ofChina.Bei-jing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
MaZongjin.1982.The relationship of earthquake and faults.In:Committee onSeismogeology,theSeismologicalSociety ofChi-na,ed.TheActiveFaults inChina.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,14～18( inChinese).
MaZongjin,ZhangChengde,JiangMing.1989a.Seismogenic lin-eaments.In:MaXingyuan,ed.L ithosphericDynamicsAtlasofChina.Beijing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,MapNo.28( inChinese withEnglishAbstract).
MaZongjin,ChenZhangli,XueFeng.1989b.Tim e-space sequenceof shallow strong earthquakes inChina and adjacent area.In:MaXingyuan,ed.L ithosphericDynamicsAtlas ofChina.Bei-jing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,MapNo.29( inChinese withEnglishAbstract)
WangJiayin.1963.HistoricalData ofGeology inChina.Beijing:SciencePress( inChinese).
WangShengzu.1985.Experimental investigation of conjugate shearnetworks in rocks.In:Institute ofGeology,StateSeismologi-calBureau,ed.Research onRecentCrustalMovement(1).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,171～178,190～192( inChinese).
WangShengzu.1988.Estimation of hypocentral parameters fromgeometry of seismic intensity distribution.Seismology andGe-ology,10(1):61～69( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangShengzu.1993 a.Multi-layer tectonic model for intraplate de-form ation and plastic-flow network in theAsian continentallithosphere.ActaGeologicaSinica,6(3):247～271.
WangShengzu.1993 b.Brittle-ductile transition and plastic-flownetworks in rocks.Progress inGeophysics,8(4):25～37( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangShengzu.1993 c.Net-like earthquake distribution and plastic-flow network in central and easternAsia.Phys.EarthPlanet.Inter.,77:177～188.
WangShengzu.2001.Netlike plastic-flow and strain field in thelower lithosphere in central-eastern asia.GeologicalReview,47(5):459～466( inChinese withEnglishSummary).
WangShengzu.2002.Multi-layer tectonic stress field in the litho-sphere of theQinghai-Tibet plateau.Earthquake,22(3):21～26( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangShengzu,ZhangSichang,TianQinjian et al.2001.Continen-talDynamics:NetlikePlastic-Flow andHierarchicalTectonicDeformation.Beijing:SeismologicalPress( inChinese withEnglishSummary).
WangZichao,WangShengzu,ZhangZongchun.1987.The maincharacteristics ofNNE-trending structures in the eastern-cen-tralQaidamBasin and their activity sinceQuarternary.In:In-stitute ofGeology,StateSeismologicalBureau,ed.ResearchonRecentCrustal movement(3).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,26～36( inChinese).
WuZhangming,DengQidong.1989.Deformation features andfracture m echanism of surface rupture of1951Bengco,TibetMs=8earthquake.Seismology andGeology,11(1):15～25( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
XuZhonghuai,WangSuyun,HuangYurui,GaoAjia.1989.China′s tectonic stress field deduced from earthquakes.ActaGeo-physicaSinica,32(4):509～520.
ZhangSichang.1985.Seismic pattern and conjugate earthquakepreparation structure inNorthChina.NorthChinaEarthquakeSciences,3(2):9～18( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
ZhangSichang.1991.Studies of conjugate seismotectonics of thecontinental earthquakes inChina.EarthquakeResearch inChi-na,7(2):69～76( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
ZobackM L ,et al.1989.Global patterns of tectonic stress.N a-ture,341:291～298
丁国瑜,李永善.1979.我国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络.地质学报,53(1):22～34.
杜兴信,邵辉成.1999.由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场.地震学报,21(4):354～360.
李春昱,王荃,刘雪亚,等.1982,亚洲大地构造图(1:800万)及说明书.北京:中国地图出版社.
李建华.1998.利用卫星图像研究西藏羌塘及邻区的断裂活动性.地震地质,20(3):201～207.
马杏垣.1987.中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图(1:400万)及说明书.北京:地质出版社.
马杏垣主编.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.
马宗晋.1982.地震与断裂关系的讨论.见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社,14～18.
马宗晋,张德成,蒋铭.1989a.地震线.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,图28.
马宗晋,陈章立,薛峰.1989b.中国及邻区浅源强震活动时序.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,图29.
王嘉荫.1963.中国地质史料.北京:科学出版社.
王绳祖.1985.岩石共轭剪切网络的实验研究.见:现代地壳运动研究(1).北京:地震出版社,171～178,190～192.
王绳祖.1988.烈度分布的几何特征和震源参数的估计.地震地质,10(1):61～69.
王绳祖.1993 a.亚洲大陆岩石圈多层构造模型和塑性流动网络.地质学报,67(1):1～18.
王绳祖.1993 b.岩石的脆性—延性转变及塑性流动网络.地球物理学进展,8(4):25～37.
王绳祖.2001.亚洲中东部岩石圈下层网络状塑性流动与应变场.地质论评,47(5):459～466.
王绳祖.2002.青藏高原岩石圈多层构造应力场.地震,22(3):21～26.
王绳祖,张四昌,田勤俭,等.2001.大陆动力学—网状塑性流动与多级构造变形.北京:地震出版社.
王子潮,王绳祖,张宗淳.1987.柴达木盆地中东部地区北北东向构造基本特征及第四纪的活动性.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(3).北京:地震出版社,26～36.
吴章明,邓起东.1989.西藏崩错8级地震地表破裂的变形特征及其破裂机制.地震地质,11(1):15～25.
张四昌.1985.华北地区的地震分布图象与共轭孕震构造.华北地震科学,3(2):9～18.
张四昌.1991.中国大陆共轭地震构造研究.中国地震,7(2):69～76
Audley-CharlesM G,BallantyneP D andHallR.1989.Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift-drift sequence ofAsian fragments fromGond-wanaland.Tectonophysics,155(1～4):317～330.
ChengGuoliang,SunYuhang,SunQingge,etal.1995.Paleomag-netic research on the phanerozoic tectonic evolution ofChina.Seismology andGeology,17(1):69～78( inChinese withEng-lish abstract).
DingGuoyu,LiYongshan.1979.Seismicity and recent fracturingpattern of the earth crust inChina.ActaGeologicaSinica,53(1):22～34( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
DuXingxin,ShaoHuicheng.1999.Modern tectonic stress field intheChinese mainland inversed from focal mechanism solutions.ActaSeismologicaSinica,21(4):354～360( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
KarnikV.1971.Seismicity of theEuropeanArea,Part2.Dor-drecht:D.Reidel.
L iChunyu,WangQuan,L iuXueya,et al.1982.TectonicMap ofAsia(Scale1∶8000000) withExplanatoryNotes.Beijing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse( inChinese andEnglish).
L iJianhua.1998.A study on fault activity ofQiangtang and itsneighboring areas inXizang(Tibet) by using landsat images.Seismology andGeology,15(1):201～207( inChinese witEnglish abstract).
MaXingyuan.1987.L ithosphericDynamicsMap ofChina andAd-jacentSeas(Scale1∶4000000).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse.
MaXingyuan.1987.L ithosphericDynamicsAtlas ofChina.Bei-jing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
MaZongjin.1982.The relationship of earthquake and faults.In:Committee onSeismogeology,theSeismologicalSociety ofChi-na,ed.TheActiveFaults inChina.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,14～18( inChinese).
MaZongjin,ZhangChengde,JiangMing.1989a.Seismogenic lin-eaments.In:MaXingyuan,ed.L ithosphericDynamicsAtlasofChina.Beijing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,MapNo.28( inChinese withEnglishAbstract).
MaZongjin,ChenZhangli,XueFeng.1989b.Tim e-space sequenceof shallow strong earthquakes inChina and adjacent area.In:MaXingyuan,ed.L ithosphericDynamicsAtlas ofChina.Bei-jing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,MapNo.29( inChinese withEnglishAbstract)
WangJiayin.1963.HistoricalData ofGeology inChina.Beijing:SciencePress( inChinese).
WangShengzu.1985.Experimental investigation of conjugate shearnetworks in rocks.In:Institute ofGeology,StateSeismologi-calBureau,ed.Research onRecentCrustalMovement(1).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,171～178,190～192( inChinese).
WangShengzu.1988.Estimation of hypocentral parameters fromgeometry of seismic intensity distribution.Seismology andGe-ology,10(1):61～69( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangShengzu.1993 a.Multi-layer tectonic model for intraplate de-form ation and plastic-flow network in theAsian continentallithosphere.ActaGeologicaSinica,6(3):247～271.
WangShengzu.1993 b.Brittle-ductile transition and plastic-flownetworks in rocks.Progress inGeophysics,8(4):25～37( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangShengzu.1993 c.Net-like earthquake distribution and plastic-flow network in central and easternAsia.Phys.EarthPlanet.Inter.,77:177～188.
WangShengzu.2001.Netlike plastic-flow and strain field in thelower lithosphere in central-eastern asia.GeologicalReview,47(5):459～466( inChinese withEnglishSummary).
WangShengzu.2002.Multi-layer tectonic stress field in the litho-sphere of theQinghai-Tibet plateau.Earthquake,22(3):21～26( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangShengzu,ZhangSichang,TianQinjian et al.2001.Continen-talDynamics:NetlikePlastic-Flow andHierarchicalTectonicDeformation.Beijing:SeismologicalPress( inChinese withEnglishSummary).
WangZichao,WangShengzu,ZhangZongchun.1987.The maincharacteristics ofNNE-trending structures in the eastern-cen-tralQaidamBasin and their activity sinceQuarternary.In:In-stitute ofGeology,StateSeismologicalBureau,ed.ResearchonRecentCrustal movement(3).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,26～36( inChinese).
WuZhangming,DengQidong.1989.Deformation features andfracture m echanism of surface rupture of1951Bengco,TibetMs=8earthquake.Seismology andGeology,11(1):15～25( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
XuZhonghuai,WangSuyun,HuangYurui,GaoAjia.1989.China′s tectonic stress field deduced from earthquakes.ActaGeo-physicaSinica,32(4):509～520.
ZhangSichang.1985.Seismic pattern and conjugate earthquakepreparation structure inNorthChina.NorthChinaEarthquakeSciences,3(2):9～18( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
ZhangSichang.1991.Studies of conjugate seismotectonics of thecontinental earthquakes inChina.EarthquakeResearch inChi-na,7(2):69～76( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
ZobackM L ,et al.1989.Global patterns of tectonic stress.N a-ture,341:291～298
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