基于地震资料的断层侧向封闭性定量研究方法及其应用
摘要
运用地震资料求取泥岩涂抹因子的关键计算参数(断距及两盘泥岩厚度),建立一种基于地震资料定量评价断层侧向封闭性的新方法,并运用该方法对白家海凸起彩43井区东道海子断裂带内各断层的封闭性进行评价。研究表明:彩43井区断层在西山窑组和三工河组侧向封油泥岩涂抹因子临界值为3.9,侧向封气泥岩涂抹因子临界值为2.1,小于该临界值的层位断层侧向封闭;断层侧向封闭能力随断层的演化而变化,白垩纪末期至今,研究区断层的侧向封闭能力整体变差;侏罗系油气分布与成藏期及现今的断层侧向封闭能力具有很好的相关性,油气纵向上多分布在成藏期和现今断层侧向封闭性较好的地层中;利用地震资料求取断层的侧向封闭性切实可行,是勘探早期评价断层封闭性的一种有效方法。
A new quantitative method used to evaluate the lateral fault sealing ability was proposed,in which the critical calculation parameters of the shale smear factor were obtained from seismic data.By this method,the sealing abilities of the faults developed in Dongdaohaizi fracture belt of Baijiahai uplift were characterized.The results show that the threshold values of the shale smear factor for Xishanyao formation and Sangonghe formation in Cai 43 well area are 3.9 and 2.1 for oil and gas respectively,and effective sealing is achieved in the position where shale smear factor is less than the threshold.The fault sealing ability varies with the faulting evolution,and the sealing ability of the faults in the studied area grows weaker from Cretaceous to present.The hydrocarbon distributions and the relevant fault lateral sealing ability indicate good correlation both in accumulation period and present,and petroleum mainly occurred in the formation that possessed good lateral sealing conditions.Using seismic data to calculate fault lateral sealing ability is an effective method for fault sealing evaluation in the early stage of petroleum exploration.
A new quantitative method used to evaluate the lateral fault sealing ability was proposed,in which the critical calculation parameters of the shale smear factor were obtained from seismic data.By this method,the sealing abilities of the faults developed in Dongdaohaizi fracture belt of Baijiahai uplift were characterized.The results show that the threshold values of the shale smear factor for Xishanyao formation and Sangonghe formation in Cai 43 well area are 3.9 and 2.1 for oil and gas respectively,and effective sealing is achieved in the position where shale smear factor is less than the threshold.The fault sealing ability varies with the faulting evolution,and the sealing ability of the faults in the studied area grows weaker from Cretaceous to present.The hydrocarbon distributions and the relevant fault lateral sealing ability indicate good correlation both in accumulation period and present,and petroleum mainly occurred in the formation that possessed good lateral sealing conditions.Using seismic data to calculate fault lateral sealing ability is an effective method for fault sealing evaluation in the early stage of petroleum exploration.
引文
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[2]沈传波,梅廉夫,汤济广,等.含油气盆地断层封闭性研究探讨[J],断块油气田,2002,9(4):1-5.SHEN Chuan-bo,MEI Lian-fu,TANG Ji-guang,et al.New advances of researches on fault sealing[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2002,9(4):1-5.
[3]SMITH D A.Theoretical consideration of sealing andnonsealing faults[J].AAPG Bulletin,1966,50(2):363-374.
[4]张云秋,孙钰.断层封闭性与流体流动研究进展[J].断块油气田,2007,14(1):21-23.ZHANG Yun-qiu,SUN Yu.Reviews on fault sealing andfluid flow[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2007,14(1):21-23.
[5]SMITH D A.Sealing and nonsealing faults in LouisianaGulf Coast Salt Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1980,64(2):145-172.
[6]赵密福.断层封闭性研究现状[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(3):333-336.ZHAO Mi-fu.A review on fault seal study[J].XinjingPetroleum Geology,2004,25(3):333-336.
[7]BOUVIER J D,KAARS-SIJPESTEIJN C H,KLUESNERD F,et al.Three-dimensional seismic interpretation andfault sealing investigation,Nun River Field,Nigeria[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(11):1397-1414.
[8]ALLAN U S.Model for hydrocarbon migration and en-trapment within faulted structures[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(3):803-811.
[9]LINDSAY NG,MURPHY F C,WALSHJ J,et al.Out-crop studies of shale smear on fault surfaces[G]//Inter-national Association of Sedimentologists.Special publica-tion 15:the geological modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirsand outcrop analogues.Boston:Blackwell Publishing,1993:113-123.
[10]KNIPE R J.Juxtaposition and seal diagrams to help ana-lyze fault seals in hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].AAPGBulletin,1997,81(2):187-195.
[11]YIELDING G,FREEMANB,NEEDHAMD T.Quanti-tative fault seal prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(6):897-917.
[12]吕延防,李国会,王跃文,等.断层封闭性的定量研究方法[J].石油学报,1996,17(3):39-45.L Yan-fang,LI Guo-hui,WANG Yue-wen,et al.Quantitative analysis in fault sealing properties[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,1996,17(3):39-45.
[13]刘泽容,信荃麟,邓俊国.断块群油气藏形成机制和构造模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[14]高先志,陈祥,原建香,等.焉耆盆地博湖坳陷断层封闭性与油气藏形成[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(1):35-37.GAO Xian-zhi,CHEN Xiang,YUAN Jian-xiang,et al.Sealing effects of faults on petroleum migration and accu-mulation in Bohu depression of Yanqi Basin[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(1):35-37.
[15]吕延防,付广,张云峰.断层封闭性研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[16]刘震.储层地震地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[17]张万选,张厚福,曾洪流,等.陆相地震地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
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