基于面向对象方法的汶川大地震灾害土地覆盖变化
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摘要
通过面向对象的模糊分类方法对汶川地震前后两期的Landsat-TM影像数据进行土地覆盖类型解译,结合应用统计学法、景观指数法分析研究区土地覆盖的时空格局和演变趋势。结果表明:(1)使用面向对象的分类方法对研究区域土地覆盖类型进行提取,地震前后两期遥感数据分类总精度分别达到0.90和0.92,Kappa系数达到0.88和0.90,取得了较好的精度效果,适用于区域覆被的提取。(2)"5.12"汶川地震后,区域林地退化显著,较地震前面积减少35679.76hm2,减少幅度达7.66%。土地退化明显,不透水面由地震前的24558.61hm2增加到67935.41hm2,相对动态度达到176.62%。水体面积增加了近40%,相对动态度为35.82%。(3)地震前后土地覆盖破碎度呈增加趋势。斑块数大量增加,其中,不透水面增加最多,由震前的240块增加到539块。区域蔓延度指数(CONTAG)由震前的40.89下降到31.09,散布与并列指数(IJI)由65.10上升到了73.99,均匀度指数(SHEI)从1.04上升到了1.35。以上指数均反映地震使研究区斑块破碎度加剧,斑块间的离散程度增高,植被景观退化及其空间格局演变导致了生态退化以及区域生态系统服务功能衰退。
Interpretation of land cover types by using two Landsat-TM image data before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake through the fuzzy object-oriented classification,at the same time,analysis the land cover temporal-spatial patterns and the changing tendency of the study area by using applied statistics methods and the index of landscape.Results show:① Extracting land cover types of research field by object-oriented classification;precision is comparatively exactitude and efficiency.The total precision of Post-quake and pre-earthquake respectively are 0.90 and 0.92,while Kappa factor are 0.88 and 0.90.② Forest in research field degenerated dramatically.The area of forest reduced 35679.76hm2,accounting to 7.66% of the total area.Desertification trends are obvious,After the earthquake impervious surface increased to 67935.41hm2 from 24558.61hm2.And relative dynamic degree reached 35.82%.③ After the earthquake,land cover fragmentation tends to rise and number of patch largely increased.Impervious surface which changes the most severely among all the land cover types increase to 539 from 240 in Post-quake;forest have also been doubled to 335.CONTAG of the research areas is 31.09 and comparing to Post-quake's data decrease 9.80.The results show that earthquake intensifies the patch fragmentation of the research areas and leads to the degree of dispersion between patches expand.Accordingly,landscape degradation and spatial patterns evolution result in ecological deterioration and regional ecosystem service function decline.
Interpretation of land cover types by using two Landsat-TM image data before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake through the fuzzy object-oriented classification,at the same time,analysis the land cover temporal-spatial patterns and the changing tendency of the study area by using applied statistics methods and the index of landscape.Results show:① Extracting land cover types of research field by object-oriented classification;precision is comparatively exactitude and efficiency.The total precision of Post-quake and pre-earthquake respectively are 0.90 and 0.92,while Kappa factor are 0.88 and 0.90.② Forest in research field degenerated dramatically.The area of forest reduced 35679.76hm2,accounting to 7.66% of the total area.Desertification trends are obvious,After the earthquake impervious surface increased to 67935.41hm2 from 24558.61hm2.And relative dynamic degree reached 35.82%.③ After the earthquake,land cover fragmentation tends to rise and number of patch largely increased.Impervious surface which changes the most severely among all the land cover types increase to 539 from 240 in Post-quake;forest have also been doubled to 335.CONTAG of the research areas is 31.09 and comparing to Post-quake's data decrease 9.80.The results show that earthquake intensifies the patch fragmentation of the research areas and leads to the degree of dispersion between patches expand.Accordingly,landscape degradation and spatial patterns evolution result in ecological deterioration and regional ecosystem service function decline.
引文
[1]Yin Y P.Research on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):434-435.
[2]Bai MH,Song G.Impact and cause analysis of comprehensive land use planning to ecological environment.Modern Agricultural Sciences,2008,15(5):34-35.
[3]Li Q,Ren Z Y.The evaluation on land ecological environment security.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(5):77-78.
[4]Wang L W,Niu Z,Wei Y X.Land cover type classification and potential desertification area detecting in Xinjiang based on MODIS NDVI imagery.Arid Land Geography,2007,30(4):573-577.
[5]Qin W,Zhu Q K,Zhang X X,et al.Review of vegetation covering and its measuring and calculating method.Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Natural Science Edition),2006,34(6):164-170.
[6]Gu Z J,Zeng Z Y.Overview of researches on vegetation coverage in remote sensing.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(2):18-21.
[7]Sha Z J,Ma H Z,Li L Q.Application of hierarchical clustering algorithm based on multiscale space in land use and land cover study.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(4):478-450.
[8]Sun X X,Zhang J X,Liu Z J.Extracting the river and the road using an object oriented technique from IKONOS panchromatic imagery.Science of Surveying and Mapping,2006,1(1):62-63.
[9]Wang X H,Zhou MQ,Geng G H.Object-oriented remote sensing image analysis.Computer Applications and Software,2006,23(9):31-33.
[10]Wang G X,Liu J Q,Chen L.Comparison of spatial diversity of land use changes and the inpacts on two typical areas of Heihe River Basin.Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(4):339-348.
[11]Wang G X,Ding Y J,Wang J.Land ecological changes and evolutional patterns in the source regions of the Yangtze and YellowRivers in Recent15Years.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(2):163-173.
[12]Chen W B,Xiao D N,Li X Z.The characteristics and contents of landscape spatial analysis.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(7):1135-1142.
[13]Chen W B,Xiao D N,Li X Z.Classification application and creation of landscape indices.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(1):121-125.
[14]Chen Y H,Li X B,Shi P J.Estimating vegetation coverage change using remote sensing data in Haidian District,Beijing.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(5):588-593.
[15]Feng NN,Li TX,Zhang X Z.The Spatial variability of the content of organic matter in hilly tea plantation soils with different sampling scales.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(2):349-356.
[16]Fu B J.The spatial pattern analysis of agricultural landscape in the Loess Area.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1995,15(2):113-120.
[1]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究.工程地质学报,2008,16(4):434～435.
[2]白明华,宋戈.土地利用总体规划对生态环境的影响及原因分析.现代农业科学,2008,15(5):34～35.
[3]李茜,任志远.区域土地生态环境安全评价.干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(5):77～78.
[4]王莉雯,牛铮,卫亚星.基于MODIS NDVI的新疆土地覆盖类型划分与潜在荒漠化区域探测.干旱区地理,2007,30(4):573～577.
[5]秦伟,朱清科,张学霞,等.植被覆盖度及其测算方法研究进展.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(6):164～170.
[6]顾祝军,曾志远.遥感植被盖度研究.水土保持研究,2005,12(2):18～21.
[7]沙占江,马海州,李玲琴,等.多尺度空间分层聚类算法在土地利用与土地覆被研究中的应用.地理科学,2004,24(4):478～450.
[8]孙晓霞,张继贤,刘正军.利用面向对象的分类方法从IKONOS全色影像中提取河流和道路.测绘科学,2006,31(1):62～63.
[9]周明全,耿国华.面向对象的遥感图像数据挖掘.计算机应用与软件,2006,23(9):31～33.
[10]王根绪,刘进其,陈玲.黑河流域典型区土地利用格局变化及影响比较.地理学报,2006,61(4):339～348.
[11]王根绪,丁永建,王建,刘时银.近15年来长江黄河源区的土地覆被变化.地理学报,2004,59(2):163～173.
[12]陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观空间分析的特征和主要内容.生态学报,2002,22(7):1135～1142.
[13]陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观指数分类、应用及构建研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):121～125.
[14]陈云浩,李晓兵,史培军,周海丽.北京海淀区植被覆盖的遥感动态研究.植物生态学报,2001,25(5):588～593.
[15]冯娜娜,李廷轩,张锡洲,王永东,夏建国.不同尺度下低山茶园土壤有机质含量的空间变异.生态学报,2006,26(2):349～356.
[16]傅伯杰.黄土区农业景观空间格局分析.生态学报,1995,15(2):113～120.
[2]Bai MH,Song G.Impact and cause analysis of comprehensive land use planning to ecological environment.Modern Agricultural Sciences,2008,15(5):34-35.
[3]Li Q,Ren Z Y.The evaluation on land ecological environment security.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(5):77-78.
[4]Wang L W,Niu Z,Wei Y X.Land cover type classification and potential desertification area detecting in Xinjiang based on MODIS NDVI imagery.Arid Land Geography,2007,30(4):573-577.
[5]Qin W,Zhu Q K,Zhang X X,et al.Review of vegetation covering and its measuring and calculating method.Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Natural Science Edition),2006,34(6):164-170.
[6]Gu Z J,Zeng Z Y.Overview of researches on vegetation coverage in remote sensing.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(2):18-21.
[7]Sha Z J,Ma H Z,Li L Q.Application of hierarchical clustering algorithm based on multiscale space in land use and land cover study.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(4):478-450.
[8]Sun X X,Zhang J X,Liu Z J.Extracting the river and the road using an object oriented technique from IKONOS panchromatic imagery.Science of Surveying and Mapping,2006,1(1):62-63.
[9]Wang X H,Zhou MQ,Geng G H.Object-oriented remote sensing image analysis.Computer Applications and Software,2006,23(9):31-33.
[10]Wang G X,Liu J Q,Chen L.Comparison of spatial diversity of land use changes and the inpacts on two typical areas of Heihe River Basin.Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(4):339-348.
[11]Wang G X,Ding Y J,Wang J.Land ecological changes and evolutional patterns in the source regions of the Yangtze and YellowRivers in Recent15Years.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(2):163-173.
[12]Chen W B,Xiao D N,Li X Z.The characteristics and contents of landscape spatial analysis.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(7):1135-1142.
[13]Chen W B,Xiao D N,Li X Z.Classification application and creation of landscape indices.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(1):121-125.
[14]Chen Y H,Li X B,Shi P J.Estimating vegetation coverage change using remote sensing data in Haidian District,Beijing.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(5):588-593.
[15]Feng NN,Li TX,Zhang X Z.The Spatial variability of the content of organic matter in hilly tea plantation soils with different sampling scales.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(2):349-356.
[16]Fu B J.The spatial pattern analysis of agricultural landscape in the Loess Area.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1995,15(2):113-120.
[1]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究.工程地质学报,2008,16(4):434～435.
[2]白明华,宋戈.土地利用总体规划对生态环境的影响及原因分析.现代农业科学,2008,15(5):34～35.
[3]李茜,任志远.区域土地生态环境安全评价.干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(5):77～78.
[4]王莉雯,牛铮,卫亚星.基于MODIS NDVI的新疆土地覆盖类型划分与潜在荒漠化区域探测.干旱区地理,2007,30(4):573～577.
[5]秦伟,朱清科,张学霞,等.植被覆盖度及其测算方法研究进展.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(6):164～170.
[6]顾祝军,曾志远.遥感植被盖度研究.水土保持研究,2005,12(2):18～21.
[7]沙占江,马海州,李玲琴,等.多尺度空间分层聚类算法在土地利用与土地覆被研究中的应用.地理科学,2004,24(4):478～450.
[8]孙晓霞,张继贤,刘正军.利用面向对象的分类方法从IKONOS全色影像中提取河流和道路.测绘科学,2006,31(1):62～63.
[9]周明全,耿国华.面向对象的遥感图像数据挖掘.计算机应用与软件,2006,23(9):31～33.
[10]王根绪,刘进其,陈玲.黑河流域典型区土地利用格局变化及影响比较.地理学报,2006,61(4):339～348.
[11]王根绪,丁永建,王建,刘时银.近15年来长江黄河源区的土地覆被变化.地理学报,2004,59(2):163～173.
[12]陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观空间分析的特征和主要内容.生态学报,2002,22(7):1135～1142.
[13]陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观指数分类、应用及构建研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):121～125.
[14]陈云浩,李晓兵,史培军,周海丽.北京海淀区植被覆盖的遥感动态研究.植物生态学报,2001,25(5):588～593.
[15]冯娜娜,李廷轩,张锡洲,王永东,夏建国.不同尺度下低山茶园土壤有机质含量的空间变异.生态学报,2006,26(2):349～356.
[16]傅伯杰.黄土区农业景观空间格局分析.生态学报,1995,15(2):113～120.
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