基于边缘保持平滑正则化的地震反演方法
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摘要
为了解决高斯分布约束地震反演结果在地层分界面附近存在振荡,且对地震数据中的噪声敏感,不利于识别隐蔽油气藏及小尺度地质体的问题,本文基于边缘保持平滑(EPS)算法,将非线性EPS算子作为正则化约束引入地震反演目标函数中,使反演的波阻抗剖面地层界面与地质体边缘更清晰,并且在对含有随机噪声的地震数据进行反演时,同样能够保持反演过程的稳健性.研究结果表明:非线性EPS正则化反演结果能更清晰地反映地层的变化,突出3~5m的小尺度岩性异常体,且在20%噪音背景下仍能够得到稳定的反演结果,具有较强的抗噪性,克服了高斯分布约束反演结果存在的振荡现象.实际地震资料的应用效果也表明,与高斯分布约束反演结果相比,边缘保持平滑正则化约束反演结果能够更好地反映地层的层状变化特点.
Due to the sensitivity in seismic noise and the oscillations near the interfaces on constrained seismic inversion results,Gaussian distribution constrained seismic inversion is unfavorable to distinguish subtle reservoirs and small-scale geological targets.Aiming at the above shortcomings of Gaussian distribution constrained inversion and based on the edge preserving smooth(EPS)algorithm,nonlinear EPS regularization constraints were introduced into the inversion objective function.The proposed method can make the formation interfaces and geological body edges more precise in the wave impedance section,and keep the inversion procedure robust even if the random noise exists in seismic data.The results show that the EPS regularization method can reflect the lithological changes more clearly and highlight small-scale lithological anomalous bodies of size 3—5m;and the stable inversion results can be obtained under circumstance with 20% noise,which represents better anti-noise performance.Meanwhile,the oscillation phenomena can be avoided.Practical seismic data application effect also indicates that,compared with Gaussian distribution constrained seismic inversion results,the inverted impedance section of EPS regularization constrained seismic inversion can better reflect the change characteristics of stratum attitude.
Due to the sensitivity in seismic noise and the oscillations near the interfaces on constrained seismic inversion results,Gaussian distribution constrained seismic inversion is unfavorable to distinguish subtle reservoirs and small-scale geological targets.Aiming at the above shortcomings of Gaussian distribution constrained inversion and based on the edge preserving smooth(EPS)algorithm,nonlinear EPS regularization constraints were introduced into the inversion objective function.The proposed method can make the formation interfaces and geological body edges more precise in the wave impedance section,and keep the inversion procedure robust even if the random noise exists in seismic data.The results show that the EPS regularization method can reflect the lithological changes more clearly and highlight small-scale lithological anomalous bodies of size 3—5m;and the stable inversion results can be obtained under circumstance with 20% noise,which represents better anti-noise performance.Meanwhile,the oscillation phenomena can be avoided.Practical seismic data application effect also indicates that,compared with Gaussian distribution constrained seismic inversion results,the inverted impedance section of EPS regularization constrained seismic inversion can better reflect the change characteristics of stratum attitude.
引文
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[22]吴国忱,康仁华,印兴耀.三维时频分析方法在地震层序分析中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(1):81-84.WU Guochen,KANG Renhua,YIN Xingyao.Application of 3Dtime-frequency analysis method to seismic sequence analysis[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,2000,24(1):81-84.
[23]陈学华,贺振华,钟文丽.低频阴影与储层特征关系的数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(4):584-591.CHEN Xuehua,HE Zhenhua,ZHONG Wenli.Numeric simulation in the relationship between low frequency shadow and reservoir characteristic[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(4):584-591.
[2]刘书会,张繁昌,印兴耀.砂砾岩储集层的地震反演方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):124-125.LIU Shuhui,ZHANG Fanchang,YIN Xingyao.Seismic inversion for granule gravel reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):124-125.
[3]COOKE D,SCHNEIDER W.Generalized linear inversion of reflections seismic data[J].Geophysics,1983,48(6):665-676.
[4]周竹生,周熙襄.宽带约束反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(5):523-536.ZHOU Zhusheng,ZHOU Xixiang.Band-constrained inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(5):523-536.
[5]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996,35(4):11-17.LI Hongbing.Generalized multi-traces linear inversion with the removal of noise[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1996,35(4):11-17.
[6]林小竹,钱绍新.波阻抗映射法外推[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(1):109-116.LIN Xiaozhu,QIAN Shaoxin.Impedance mapping extrapolation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1998,41(1):109-116.
[7]林小竹,杨慧珠,汤磊.无井多道反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):448-452.LIN Xiaozhu,YANG Huizhu,TANG Lei.Multi-trace inversion without borehole data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(4):448-452.
[8]林小竹,杨慧珠,赵波.有井多道反演[J].石油物探,1999,38(4):44-50.LIN Xiaozhu,YANG Huizhu,ZHAO Bo.Multitrace broadband constrained inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1999,38(4):44-50.
[9]林小兵,田景春,刘莉萍,等.等时格架及地震反演双重约束的精细砂体对比研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(3):417-421.LIN Xiaobing,TIAN Jingchun,LIU Liping,et al.Research on fine sandbody correlation method under the double constraints of isochronous framework and seismic inversion[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(3):417-421.
[10]孙中春,蒋宜勤,查明,等.准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩储层岩性岩相模式[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):782-789.SUN Zhongchun,JIANG Yiqin,ZHA Ming,et al.Lithology lithofacies model of Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs in the Junggar basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(5):782-789.
[11]王建忠,向才富,庞雄奇.碳酸盐岩层系断层封闭机理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(4):616-624.WANG Jianzhong,XIANG Caifu,PANG Xiongqi.Faultsealing mechanisms in the carbonate sequence[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(4):616-624.
[12]陈欢庆.火山岩储层层内非均质性定量评价:以松辽盆地徐东地区营城组一段为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(4):641-649.CHEN Huanqing.Quantitative estimation of inter layers heterogeneity characteristics of volcanic reservoir:taking one member of Yingcheng formation in Xudong area for an example[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(4):641-649.
[13]LUO Y,MARHOON M,DOSSARY S A,et al.Edge-preserving smoothing and applications[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):136-158.
[14]KUWAHARA M,HACHIMURA K,EIHO S,et al.Processing of RI-angiocardiographic images[C]//PRESTON K,ONOE M.Digital processing of biomedical images.New York:Plenum Press,1976:187-202.
[15]ALBIN H,LUO Y,ALFARAJ M.3Dedge-preserving smoothing and applications[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):P5-P11.
[16]MISRA S,SACCHI M.Global optimization with model space preconditioning:Application to AVO inversion[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):R71-R82.
[17]TARANTOLA A.Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter estimation[M].Philadelphia:Society for Industry and Applied Mathematics,2005:6-40.
[18]张繁昌,刘杰,印兴耀.修正柯西约束地震盲反褶积方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):391-396.ZHANG Fanchang,LIU Jie,YIN Xingyao.Modified Cauchy-constrained seismic blind deconvolution[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4):391-396.
[19]TEHRANI A,SLOB E,MULDER W.Quasi-analytical method for frequency-to-time conversion in CSEM applications[J].Geophysics,2012,77(5):E357-E363.
[20]MALLAT S.A wavelet tour of signal processing[M].New York:Academic Press,1998:149-190.
[21]李传辉,张繁昌,印兴耀.三种线性时频分析方法的影响因素及精度分析[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(4):239-242.LI Chuanhui,ZHANG Fanchang,YIN Xingyao.The influential factors and accuracy of three time-frequency analyses[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(4):239-242.
[22]吴国忱,康仁华,印兴耀.三维时频分析方法在地震层序分析中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(1):81-84.WU Guochen,KANG Renhua,YIN Xingyao.Application of 3Dtime-frequency analysis method to seismic sequence analysis[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,2000,24(1):81-84.
[23]陈学华,贺振华,钟文丽.低频阴影与储层特征关系的数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(4):584-591.CHEN Xuehua,HE Zhenhua,ZHONG Wenli.Numeric simulation in the relationship between low frequency shadow and reservoir characteristic[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(4):584-591.
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