微地震信号的频率特征
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摘要
为了研究微地震信号的频率特征,用DB5小波对信号进行5层分解计算显著频率,用窗口傅立叶变换计算瞬时频率,发现频率有衰减趋势。微地震过程中,先产生频率较高的振动,由于岩体阻尼而非面波频散引起振动频率衰减。对微地震信号预分段,用小波提取其频率谱中的频率特征,得到了频率变化的四种趋势。用相邻零点和相邻峰值点法计算信号的半周期,证实了频率存在衰减性,同时发现频率与振幅有关,振幅大(小),频率低(高),这可能是由于岩石的非线性蠕变造成的,可用于研究岩石非线性特性。
For exploring the frequency features of microseismic signals,the frequency spectrum of the signals was obtained with DB5 in 5 levels,and the instantaneous frequency of the signals was achieved with the windowed Fourier transform.Tendency of frequency attenuation was found.High frequency vibrations did occur early in the microseism,and then the frequency was attenuated because of the damping of rock but not by the frequency dispersion of surface waves.The signals were divided into segments and the frequency spectra were got and the frequency features were achieved and 4 types of variation of frequency were found.Half-period of microseismic signals was gained through computing the intervals of adjacent zeros or adjacent peaks of microseismic signals and the tendency of frequency attenuation was found too.The frequency might correlated to the amplitude.Sometimes the larger(smaller) the amplitude,the lower(higher) the period.The relativity of frequency and amplitude might be caused by the nonlinear creep of the rock and it might be a method of studying nonlinear characteristics of rock.
For exploring the frequency features of microseismic signals,the frequency spectrum of the signals was obtained with DB5 in 5 levels,and the instantaneous frequency of the signals was achieved with the windowed Fourier transform.Tendency of frequency attenuation was found.High frequency vibrations did occur early in the microseism,and then the frequency was attenuated because of the damping of rock but not by the frequency dispersion of surface waves.The signals were divided into segments and the frequency spectra were got and the frequency features were achieved and 4 types of variation of frequency were found.Half-period of microseismic signals was gained through computing the intervals of adjacent zeros or adjacent peaks of microseismic signals and the tendency of frequency attenuation was found too.The frequency might correlated to the amplitude.Sometimes the larger(smaller) the amplitude,the lower(higher) the period.The relativity of frequency and amplitude might be caused by the nonlinear creep of the rock and it might be a method of studying nonlinear characteristics of rock.
引文
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[14]金旭,傅维洲.固体地球物理学基础[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003:17–25.(JIN Xu,FU Wei-zhou.Basis of solid geophysics[M].Changchun:Jilin University Press,2003:17–25.(in Chinese))
[2]李光海,刘时风.基于小波分析的声发射源定位技术[J].机械工程学报,2004,40(7):136–140.(LI Guang-hai,LIU Shi-feng.Technique of acoustic emission source locating based on wavelet analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2004,40(7):136–140.(in Chinese))
[3]姜福兴,LUO Xun,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采场应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fu-xing,LUO Xun,YANG Shu-hua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[4]ROTHERT Elmar,SHAPIRO Serge A.Microseismic monitoring of borehole fluid injections:Data modeling and inversion for hydraulic properties of rocks[J].Geophysics,2003,68(2):685–689.
[5]张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):226–231.(ZHANG Shan,LIU Qing-lin,ZHAO Qun,et al.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in development[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):226–231.(in Chinese))
[6]刘百红,秦绪英,郑四连,等.微地震监测技术及其在油田中的应用现状[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):325–329.(LIU Bai-hong,QIN Xu-ying,ZHENG Si-lian,et al.Microseismic monitoring and its applications in oilfield operations[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(5):325–329.(in Chinese))
[7]石林,张旭东,金衍,等.深层地应力测量新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2355–2358.(SHI Lin,ZHANG Xu-dong,JIN Yan,et al.New method for measurement of In-situ stresses at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2355–2358.(in Chinese))
[8]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.岩体微震监测的频谱分析与信号识别[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):772–775.(LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et al.Frequency spectrum analysis on microseismic monitoring and signal differentiation of rock material[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):772–775.(in Chinese))
[9]王恩元,何学秋,刘贞堂,等.煤体破裂声发射的频谱特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):289–292.(WANG En-yuan,HE Xue-qiu,LIU Zhen-tang,et al.Study on frequency spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission in coal or rock deformation and fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(3):289–292.(in Chinese))
[10]邹银辉,文光才,胡千庭,等.岩体声发射传播衰减理论分析与试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(6):663–667.(ZOU Yin-hui,WEN Guang-cai,HU Qian-ting.Theory analysis and experimental study of the spread and attenuation of acoustic emission in rock body[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(6):663–667.(in Chinese))
[11]聂伟荣,朱继南,夏虹.地面运动目标分类的模式特征与评价[J].探测与控制学报,2002,24(3):25–29.(NIE Wei-rong,ZHU Ji-nan,XIA Hong.Feature and evaluation of the moving target on the ground[J].Journal of Detection&Control,2002,24(3):25–29.(in Chinese))
[12]OYE Volker,ROTH Michael.Automated seismic event location for hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].Computers&Geosciences,2003,29:851–863.
[13]MALLAT Stephane.信号处理的小波导引[M].杨力华,戴道清,黄文良,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:23,70.(MALLAT Stephane.A wavelet tour of signal processing[M].YANG Li-hua,DAI Dao-qing,HUANG Wen-liang,et al,trans.Beijing:China Machine Press,2002:23,70.(in Chinese))
[14]金旭,傅维洲.固体地球物理学基础[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003:17–25.(JIN Xu,FU Wei-zhou.Basis of solid geophysics[M].Changchun:Jilin University Press,2003:17–25.(in Chinese))
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