灵丘盆地主要活动断裂和1626灵丘地震发震构造
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摘要
灵丘盆地位于山西地堑系的东北部,曾于1626年发生7级地震。文中通过解译SPOT5影像、分析SRTM3数据和野外调查,对该盆地进行宏观的构造地貌分析和对比,结合探槽以及地质剖面确定主要活动断层的几何分布和最新活动特征,进而探讨灵丘地震的发震构造。结果显示:太白维山山前断裂大部分段落最新活动时代限于晚更新世晚期。NE向的水涧-落水河断裂灵丘县城以西段造成同级地貌面高差约6m,其中最新活动在地表残留高约1m的断层陡坎,县城及以东段无明显地貌表现;NW向的华山河断裂具有枢纽断层特征,在盆地北部断裂向西倾并造成华山河Ⅰ级阶地两侧约10m的高差,在盆地南部断裂向东倾,剖面和相关地貌揭示该断裂在南段为一条高角度的活动正走滑断裂;据此认为,1626年灵丘地震为水涧-落水河断裂西段和NW向的华山河断裂共轭作用的结果。
Lingqiu Basin is located in the northeast of the Shanxi graben system,where a MS 7. 0 earthquake occurred in 1626. The achievement of active fault research in this basin could contribute not only to the study of the seismogenic structure of the earthquake in 1626,but also to the research of the types of large earthquakes in Shanxi graben system. Much work has been conducted here,laying the foundation for the active fault study in this area. However,the spatial distribution and activity of several major faults,and the seismogenic structure of the earthquake in 1626 are still in discussion. This paper analyzes the geomorphologic characteristics in the whole basin via interpreting SPOT5 images,SRTM3 and fieldwork,and acquires some new knowledge of the major faults in combination with trenching. The activity of the main segment of the piedmont fault of Taibaiwei Mountains is limited to the late Pleistocene; The NEE-striking Shuijian-Luoshuihe Fault has obvious geomorphic features to the west of Lingqiu County,and the geomorphic feature of the fault is not remarkable to the east of the county. Its latest event left a 1m - high fault scarp on the surface. The NW-striking Huashanhe Fault behaves as a hinge fault. In the northern basin,the fault dips west,producing a height difference of about 10m in terrace T1 of the Huashanhe River. In the southern basin,the fault dips east. Profiles and geomorphic features show the south segment of the fault is an active strike-slip fault with a high angle. Thus,we consider the earthquake in 1626 resulted from the conjugated action of the NEE-striking Shuijian-Luoshuihe Fault and the NW-striking Huashanhe Fault.
Lingqiu Basin is located in the northeast of the Shanxi graben system,where a MS 7. 0 earthquake occurred in 1626. The achievement of active fault research in this basin could contribute not only to the study of the seismogenic structure of the earthquake in 1626,but also to the research of the types of large earthquakes in Shanxi graben system. Much work has been conducted here,laying the foundation for the active fault study in this area. However,the spatial distribution and activity of several major faults,and the seismogenic structure of the earthquake in 1626 are still in discussion. This paper analyzes the geomorphologic characteristics in the whole basin via interpreting SPOT5 images,SRTM3 and fieldwork,and acquires some new knowledge of the major faults in combination with trenching. The activity of the main segment of the piedmont fault of Taibaiwei Mountains is limited to the late Pleistocene; The NEE-striking Shuijian-Luoshuihe Fault has obvious geomorphic features to the west of Lingqiu County,and the geomorphic feature of the fault is not remarkable to the east of the county. Its latest event left a 1m - high fault scarp on the surface. The NW-striking Huashanhe Fault behaves as a hinge fault. In the northern basin,the fault dips west,producing a height difference of about 10m in terrace T1 of the Huashanhe River. In the southern basin,the fault dips east. Profiles and geomorphic features show the south segment of the fault is an active strike-slip fault with a high angle. Thus,we consider the earthquake in 1626 resulted from the conjugated action of the NEE-striking Shuijian-Luoshuihe Fault and the NW-striking Huashanhe Fault.
引文
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徐锡伟.1989.山西地堑系的新构造活动特征及其形成机制[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.73—75.XU Xi-wei.1989.The characteristic of neotectonics and formation mechanism of the Shanxi graben system[D].Doctoral dissertation.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.73—75(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.74—76.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang.2002.The Modern Crustal Diastrophism and the Seismic Activity inCapital Area[M].Science Press,Beijing.74—76(in Chinese).
Marple T.1993.Evidence of possible tectonic upwarping along the South Carolina coastal plain from an examination ofriver morphology and elevation data[J].Geology,7(21):651—653.
Mary G,James J.2000.Active normal fault evolution in Greece revealed by geomorphology and drainage patterns[J].Journal of the Geological Society,London,(157):971—979.
孔凡臣,丁国瑜.1991.山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟的分形几何学分析结果及其与构造活动的关系[J].地震地质,13(3):221—223.KONG Fan-chen,DING Guo-yu.1991.Fractal geometric analysis of drainage and loess gully systems in Shanxi and itsadjacent areas[J].Seismology and Geology,13(3):221—223(in Chinese).
李树德.1997.中国东部山西地堑系的形成机制及构造地貌、地震探讨[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),33(4):468—472.LI Shu-de.1997.The morphotectonics,seismicity and origin of Shanxi graben system,eastern China[J].ActaScientiarum Naturalium,Universitatis Pekinensis,33(4):468—472(in Chinese).
卢海峰,李玉森,马保起,等.2009.山西断陷北部NEE向断裂带晚第四纪活动性探讨[J].现代地质,23(3):442—444.LU Hai-feng,LI Yu-sen,MA Bao-qi,et al.2009.Late Quaternary activity of the NEE-striking fault belt in northernShanxi fault depression zone[J].Geosciences,23(3):442—444(in Chinese).
申旭辉.1990.灵丘盆地及其邻区晚第四纪断裂活动与强震研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.6—34.SHEN Xu-hui.1990.Late Quaternary activity and large earthquake in Lingqiu Basin and its neighbouring area[D].Doctoral dissertation.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.6—34(in Chinese).
申旭辉,汪一鹏.1995.1626年灵丘地震烈度分布特征与阻震构造初步探讨[J].华北地震科学,13(1):9—14.SHEN Xu-hui,WANG Yi-peng.1995.Initial investigation of the characteristic of intensity distribution of1626Lingqiuearthquake and its prevention structure[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,13(1):9—14(in Chinese).
申旭辉,汪一鹏.1994.太白维山山前断裂的初步研究[J].华北地震科学,12(3):17—26.SHEN Xu-hui,WANG Yi-peng.1994.A preliminary study of the active characteristics of the piedmont fault of theTaibaiwei Mountain[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,12(3):17—26(in Chinese).
武烈.1987.山西境内7次强震及有关几个问题讨论[J].华北地震科学,5(2):19—20.WU Lie.1987.Discussion on7disastrous earthquakes in Shanxi Province and some problems concerned[J].NorthChina Earthquake Sciences,5(2):19—20(in Chinese).
谢毓寿,蔡美彪.1983a.中国地震历史资料汇编(第一卷)[M].北京:科学出版社.53—73.XIE Yu-shou,CAI Mei-biao.1983a.Collection of Historical Earthquake Data in China(VolumeⅠ)[M].SciencePress,Beijing.53—73(in Chinese).
谢毓寿等.1983b.中国地震目录[M].北京:地震出版社.17—18.XIE Yu-shou et al.1983b.The Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.17—18(inChinese).
徐锡伟.1989.山西地堑系的新构造活动特征及其形成机制[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.73—75.XU Xi-wei.1989.The characteristic of neotectonics and formation mechanism of the Shanxi graben system[D].Doctoral dissertation.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.73—75(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.74—76.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang.2002.The Modern Crustal Diastrophism and the Seismic Activity inCapital Area[M].Science Press,Beijing.74—76(in Chinese).
Marple T.1993.Evidence of possible tectonic upwarping along the South Carolina coastal plain from an examination ofriver morphology and elevation data[J].Geology,7(21):651—653.
Mary G,James J.2000.Active normal fault evolution in Greece revealed by geomorphology and drainage patterns[J].Journal of the Geological Society,London,(157):971—979.
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