利用地震资料进行陆相储层小层等时对比的方法研究——以绥中36-1油田为例
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摘要
鉴于垂向分辨率的限制,一般认为不能利用地震资料进行陆相油藏小层对比。但是,由于主要地震反射同相轴具有年代地层意义,而且地层等时对比是相对的,因此,在一定条件下,利用地震资料可以进行陆相薄互层储层小层对比。文中以绥中36-1油田为例,总结了利用地震剖面开展小层对比的基本规则。根据地震不整一边界类型、地震相特征、砂体叠置关系变化可以确定小层等时界面,并且等时界面可以从波峰等时渐变到波谷;同相轴分叉时,只有分析清楚分叉的原因,才能得到小层等时追踪;在地层下切部位,追踪下切谷底部同相轴;地层凸起时,追踪凸起部位的地震同相轴;此外,遇到断层时,通常遵循正断层下降盘小层厚度应该等于或者大于上升盘小层厚度的原则。显然,合理地利用地震资料进行小层对比可以提高陆相油藏小层对比的准确性。
Seismic data could not be used to correlate subzones in a non-marine reservoir,in general,as a result of the limitation of the vertical resolution.Because the major seismic reflections have chronostratigraphic significance,and the isochronic correlation is relative,the seismic data may help us to correlate subzones of a non-marine reservoir under certain conditions.The authors generalized the basic rules for isochronic correlation by using seismic reflection profile in the SZ36-1 oil field.Isochronal horizons can be obtained through recognizing types of seismic unconformity boundary,the features of seismic facies and the relations of sandbody overlapping.Meanwhile an isochronal horizon may gradually change from peak to trough of a waveform in horizontal direction.Moreover,only the causes of branching for a reflection are clarified while a reflection becomes branching in waveshape,an isochronic pursuit of subzones could be conducted.The subzone traces the reflection from the bottom of an incised valley as underlying strata are truncated down,and tracks the reflection from the top of a rise high as an underlying strata lift.In addition,it is a principle to follow that the formation thickness of upfaulted block is greater than or equal to the downdip block in correlation of subzones as facing faults.Obviously,the accuracy of isochronic correlation for subzones can be improved according to a series of rules mentioned above through reasonable interpretation of seismic data in non-marine reservoir.
Seismic data could not be used to correlate subzones in a non-marine reservoir,in general,as a result of the limitation of the vertical resolution.Because the major seismic reflections have chronostratigraphic significance,and the isochronic correlation is relative,the seismic data may help us to correlate subzones of a non-marine reservoir under certain conditions.The authors generalized the basic rules for isochronic correlation by using seismic reflection profile in the SZ36-1 oil field.Isochronal horizons can be obtained through recognizing types of seismic unconformity boundary,the features of seismic facies and the relations of sandbody overlapping.Meanwhile an isochronal horizon may gradually change from peak to trough of a waveform in horizontal direction.Moreover,only the causes of branching for a reflection are clarified while a reflection becomes branching in waveshape,an isochronic pursuit of subzones could be conducted.The subzone traces the reflection from the bottom of an incised valley as underlying strata are truncated down,and tracks the reflection from the top of a rise high as an underlying strata lift.In addition,it is a principle to follow that the formation thickness of upfaulted block is greater than or equal to the downdip block in correlation of subzones as facing faults.Obviously,the accuracy of isochronic correlation for subzones can be improved according to a series of rules mentioned above through reasonable interpretation of seismic data in non-marine reservoir.
引文
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[12]Richer N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expension,and the control of seismic resolution[J].Geophysics,1953,18(4):769-192.
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[14]Widess MB.Quantifying resolving power of seismic systems[J].Geophysics,1982,47(8):1160-1173.
[1]裘亦楠,张志松,唐美芳,等.河流砂岩储层的小层对比问题[J].石油勘探与开发,1987,14(2):46-52.
[2]赵翰卿.大庆油田河流-三角洲沉积的油层对比方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1988,7(4):25-31.
[3]赵翰卿.高分辨率层序地层对比与我国的小层对比[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):5-9.
[4]王西文,苏明军,王大兴,等.相控-等时小层对比方法及应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):78-80.
[5]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派——高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油天然气地质,1995,16(2):89-97.
[6]邓宏文,王红亮,宁宁.沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313.
[7]郑荣才,吴朝容,叶茂才.浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究思路[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(3):241-244.
[8]郑荣才,柯光明,文华国,等.高分辨率层序分析在河流相砂体等时对比中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(6):641-647.
[10]刘震.储层地震地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:159-191.
[11]凌云,孙德胜,高军,等.叠置薄储层的沉积微相解释研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):329-341.
[2]Zhao H Q.Formation correlation of fluvial-deltaic deposition in Daqing oil field[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Devel-opment in Daqing,1988,7(4):25-31(in Chinese).
[3]Zhao H Q.High-resolution sequential stratigraphy correla-tion and Chinese subzone correlation[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2005,24(1):5-9(in Chi-nese).
[4]Wang X W,Su MJ,Wang D X,et al.Method and applica-tion of facies controlling isochrone oil-layer[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):78-80(in Chi-nese).
[5]Deng H W.Anewschool of thought in sequence stratigraph-ic studiesin U.S.:high-resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(2):89-97(in Chinese).
[6]Deng H W,Wang H L,Ning N.Sediment volume partition principle:theory basis for high-resolution sequence stratigra-phy[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):305-313(in Chinese).
[7]Zheng R C,Wu C R,Ye M C.Research thinking of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy about a terrigenous basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2000,27(3):241-244(in Chinese).
[8]Zheng R C,Ke G M,Wen H G,et al.Isochronic correlation of fluvial sandbodies by high-resolution sequence technique[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,31(6):641-647(in Chinese).
[9]Vail P R,Todd R G,Sangree J B.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,part5:chronostratigraphic sig-nificance of seismic reflections[C]∥Payton C E.Seismic stratigraphy—applications to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Memoir,1977,26:99-116.
[10]Liu Z.Reservoir seismic stratigraphy[M].Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing House,1997:159-191(in Chinese).
[11]Ling Y,Sun D S,Gao J,et al.Interpretation research into continental microfacies of superposed thin reservoirs[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):329-341(in Chinese).
[12]Richer N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expension,and the control of seismic resolution[J].Geophysics,1953,18(4):769-192.
[13]Widess MB.Howthinis a thin bed[J]?Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[14]Widess MB.Quantifying resolving power of seismic systems[J].Geophysics,1982,47(8):1160-1173.
[1]裘亦楠,张志松,唐美芳,等.河流砂岩储层的小层对比问题[J].石油勘探与开发,1987,14(2):46-52.
[2]赵翰卿.大庆油田河流-三角洲沉积的油层对比方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1988,7(4):25-31.
[3]赵翰卿.高分辨率层序地层对比与我国的小层对比[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):5-9.
[4]王西文,苏明军,王大兴,等.相控-等时小层对比方法及应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):78-80.
[5]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派——高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油天然气地质,1995,16(2):89-97.
[6]邓宏文,王红亮,宁宁.沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313.
[7]郑荣才,吴朝容,叶茂才.浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究思路[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(3):241-244.
[8]郑荣才,柯光明,文华国,等.高分辨率层序分析在河流相砂体等时对比中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(6):641-647.
[10]刘震.储层地震地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:159-191.
[11]凌云,孙德胜,高军,等.叠置薄储层的沉积微相解释研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):329-341.
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