山前地震数据处理中不同基准面校正方法比较
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摘要
对山前带地震数据处理方面静校正与共中心点(CMP)浮动基准面技术存在的缺陷以及波动方程基准面校正的优势进行全面分析.传统的静校正技术在处理山前地震数据方面存在不足,这种不足只有通过波动方程基准面校正策略才能得到解决,从而彻底地解决山前地震数据的基准面校正问题.基于2个典型的理论数据进行静校正与波动方程基准面校正的详细测试,证明当面对近地表高程剧烈起伏与横向速度变化非常剧烈的山前带地震数据时,波动方程基准面校正是最合理与最彻底的解决方案,它可以保证后续的深度成像能够得到正确的结果.
An analysis was conducted about deficiency of statics and advantage of wave-equation datuming in the processing of overthrust data.For datuming correction of overthrust data acquired in foothills,conventional statics and floating common-midpoint(CMP) datum technique are not accurate enough and wave-equation datuming technique should be used instead to give a complete solution.A very detailed comparison and analysis between statics and wave-equation datuming were presented based on two typical synthetic overthrust data,which demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of wave-equation datuming when dealing with overthrust data with both dramatic topographic variation and strong lateral velocity variation.Results show that wave-equation datuming is the most suitable solution to the datuming correction of overthrust data,thus the accuracy of depth image can be guaranteed.
An analysis was conducted about deficiency of statics and advantage of wave-equation datuming in the processing of overthrust data.For datuming correction of overthrust data acquired in foothills,conventional statics and floating common-midpoint(CMP) datum technique are not accurate enough and wave-equation datuming technique should be used instead to give a complete solution.A very detailed comparison and analysis between statics and wave-equation datuming were presented based on two typical synthetic overthrust data,which demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of wave-equation datuming when dealing with overthrust data with both dramatic topographic variation and strong lateral velocity variation.Results show that wave-equation datuming is the most suitable solution to the datuming correction of overthrust data,thus the accuracy of depth image can be guaranteed.
引文
[1]BERRILL J R.Wave-equation datuming[J].Geo-physics,1979,44(8):1329-1344.
[2]BERRYHILL J R.Wave-equation datuming before stack[J].Geophysics,1984,49(11):2064-2067.
[3]SHTIVELMAN V,CANNING A.Datum correction bywave-equation extrapolation[J].Geophysics,1988,53(10):1311-1322.
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[7]ZHU X H,ANGSTMAN B G,SIXTA D P.Overthrustimaging with tomo-datuming:a case study[J].Geo-physics,1988,63(1):25-38.
[8]YANG K,WANG H Z,MA Z T.Wave equation datu-ming from irregular surfaces using finite difference scheme[C]∥69th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts.Houston:SEG,1999:1485-1488.
[9]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):854-862.YANG Kai,CHENG Jiu-bing,LIU Yu-zhu,et al.A stud-y on the application of 3D wave-equation datuming[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2007,50(5):854-862.
[10]耿建华,黄海贵,马在田.Kirchhoff积分波场延拓基准面静校正方法研究[J].同济大学学报,1996,24(6):167-173.GENG Jian-hua,HUANG Hai-gui,MA Zai-tian.Wave-equation datuming correction based on Kirchhoffintegral[J].Journal of Tongji University,1996,24(6):167-173.
[11]方伍宝,李满树,孙爱萍.基于Born近似的波动方程静校正技术[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):26-29.FANG Wu-bao,LI Man-shu,SUN Ai-ping.Wave-equation datuming correction based on Born approxima-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):26-29.
[12]郑鸿明,杨晓海,崔琴,等.基准面校正的理论研究及误差分析[J].新疆石油地质,2005,23(1):210-213.ZHENG Hong-ming,YANG Xiao-hai,CUI Qin,et al.The theoretic study and error analysis method of datumstatics[J].Xinjiang Geology,2005,23(1):210-213.
[13]赵传雪,王丽,吴靖,等.有限差分波动方程基准面校正方法及其在丘陵地区的应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):505-509.ZHAO Chuan-xue,WANG Li,WU Jing,et al.Finitedifferential wave equation datum correction techniqueand its application in hilly area[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):505-509.
[14]YANG K,JIANG F,CHENG J B,et al.An integrat-ed wave equation datuming scheme for the overthrustdata based on the one-way extrapolator[C]∥77thAnnual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts.San Antonio:SEG,2007:1134-1137.
[15]江凡,杨锴,程玖兵.复杂地表有限差分波动方程向上基准面校正[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):15-20.JIANG Fan,YANG Kai,CHENG Jiu-bing.Anupward continuation scheme for complex topographydata by the finite-difference extrapolator[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):15-20.
[16]BEVC D.Flooding the topography:wave-equationdatuming of land data with rugged acquisition topogra-phy[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):1558-1569.
[17]郑鸿明,赖仲康.天山模型波动方程正演模拟研究[C]∥新疆油田公司年度勘探会议论文集.克拉玛依:[s.n.],2003.ZHENG Hong-ming,LAI Zhong-kang.The study onthe wave-equation forward modeling based on the Tian-shan model[C]∥The Proceedings of Annual Explora-tion Conference of Xinjiang Oil Company.Karamay:[s.n.],2003.
[18]林伯香.最小静校正误差浮动基准面方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):611-617.LIN Bo-xiang.The minimum-error-datum for statics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):611-617.
[2]BERRYHILL J R.Wave-equation datuming before stack[J].Geophysics,1984,49(11):2064-2067.
[3]SHTIVELMAN V,CANNING A.Datum correction bywave-equation extrapolation[J].Geophysics,1988,53(10):1311-1322.
[4]BEASLEY C,LYNN W.The zero-velocity layer:migration from irregular surfaces[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1435-1443.
[5]杨锴,王华忠,程玖兵,等.非水平观测面有限差分法叠前波动方程基准面延拓[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):154-162.YANG Kai,WANG Hua-zhong,CHENG Jiu-bing,etal.Prestack wave equation datum correction from non-planar surface with finite-difference scheme[J].OilGeophysical prospecting,2002,37(2):154-162.
[6]SCHNEIDER W,PHILLIPS L,PAAL E.Wave-equa-tion velocity replacement of the low-velocity layer for over-thrust-belt data[J].Geophysics,1995,60(2):573-579.
[7]ZHU X H,ANGSTMAN B G,SIXTA D P.Overthrustimaging with tomo-datuming:a case study[J].Geo-physics,1988,63(1):25-38.
[8]YANG K,WANG H Z,MA Z T.Wave equation datu-ming from irregular surfaces using finite difference scheme[C]∥69th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts.Houston:SEG,1999:1485-1488.
[9]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):854-862.YANG Kai,CHENG Jiu-bing,LIU Yu-zhu,et al.A stud-y on the application of 3D wave-equation datuming[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2007,50(5):854-862.
[10]耿建华,黄海贵,马在田.Kirchhoff积分波场延拓基准面静校正方法研究[J].同济大学学报,1996,24(6):167-173.GENG Jian-hua,HUANG Hai-gui,MA Zai-tian.Wave-equation datuming correction based on Kirchhoffintegral[J].Journal of Tongji University,1996,24(6):167-173.
[11]方伍宝,李满树,孙爱萍.基于Born近似的波动方程静校正技术[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):26-29.FANG Wu-bao,LI Man-shu,SUN Ai-ping.Wave-equation datuming correction based on Born approxima-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):26-29.
[12]郑鸿明,杨晓海,崔琴,等.基准面校正的理论研究及误差分析[J].新疆石油地质,2005,23(1):210-213.ZHENG Hong-ming,YANG Xiao-hai,CUI Qin,et al.The theoretic study and error analysis method of datumstatics[J].Xinjiang Geology,2005,23(1):210-213.
[13]赵传雪,王丽,吴靖,等.有限差分波动方程基准面校正方法及其在丘陵地区的应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):505-509.ZHAO Chuan-xue,WANG Li,WU Jing,et al.Finitedifferential wave equation datum correction techniqueand its application in hilly area[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):505-509.
[14]YANG K,JIANG F,CHENG J B,et al.An integrat-ed wave equation datuming scheme for the overthrustdata based on the one-way extrapolator[C]∥77thAnnual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts.San Antonio:SEG,2007:1134-1137.
[15]江凡,杨锴,程玖兵.复杂地表有限差分波动方程向上基准面校正[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):15-20.JIANG Fan,YANG Kai,CHENG Jiu-bing.Anupward continuation scheme for complex topographydata by the finite-difference extrapolator[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):15-20.
[16]BEVC D.Flooding the topography:wave-equationdatuming of land data with rugged acquisition topogra-phy[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):1558-1569.
[17]郑鸿明,赖仲康.天山模型波动方程正演模拟研究[C]∥新疆油田公司年度勘探会议论文集.克拉玛依:[s.n.],2003.ZHENG Hong-ming,LAI Zhong-kang.The study onthe wave-equation forward modeling based on the Tian-shan model[C]∥The Proceedings of Annual Explora-tion Conference of Xinjiang Oil Company.Karamay:[s.n.],2003.
[18]林伯香.最小静校正误差浮动基准面方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):611-617.LIN Bo-xiang.The minimum-error-datum for statics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):611-617.
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