断层破碎带对地震动的放大作用——(Ⅰ)基本规律
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摘要
采用有限元方法在时域内研究了断层破碎带对地震动放大作用的基本规律,分析了破碎带宽度、破碎带刚度、破碎带倾角以及输入地震波频谱等对地震动放大作用的影响。研究表明:断层破碎带的存在对地震动有显著的放大作用,断层上盘地震动幅值明显大于断层下盘,地震动峰值出现在破碎带附近及断层上盘。破碎带上盘各点的反应谱卓越周期明显比较长,而破碎带下盘各点的反应谱卓越周期则比较短。破碎带宽度越大,地表水平加速度反应谱幅值越大。刚度越低,地表水平加速度反应谱幅值越大。随着破碎带倾角的增大,反应谱峰值的最大值位置逐渐向破碎带上盘方向偏移。断层破碎带对地震动的放大作用与输入地震波频谱也存在着密切的关系。
This paper investigates the amplification of seismic ground motion around fault fracture zone using finite element method in time domain,and discusses the effect of the width,stiffness and inclined angle of fault fracture zone and the spectrum of incident seismic waves on the amplification of seismic ground motion.It is shown that,fault fracture zone can significantly amplify the seismic ground motions nearby.The seismic ground motions at upper wall of a fault are larger than those at lower wall of the fault,and the PGA(peak ground acceleration) appears around fault fracture zone and upper wall of the fault.The predominant periods of response spectra at the upper wall of a fault are apparently longer,and those at the lower wall of the fault are shorter.The wider the fault fracture zone is,the larger the PRS(peak response spectrum) of horizontal seismic ground motion is;and the stiffer the fault fracture zone is,the larger the PRS of horizontal seismic ground motion is.As the inclined angle of a fault increases,the position of the maximal PRS gradually moves to the upper wall of the fault.The spectrum of incident seismic wave also plays an important role in the amplification of seismic ground motion around a fault.
This paper investigates the amplification of seismic ground motion around fault fracture zone using finite element method in time domain,and discusses the effect of the width,stiffness and inclined angle of fault fracture zone and the spectrum of incident seismic waves on the amplification of seismic ground motion.It is shown that,fault fracture zone can significantly amplify the seismic ground motions nearby.The seismic ground motions at upper wall of a fault are larger than those at lower wall of the fault,and the PGA(peak ground acceleration) appears around fault fracture zone and upper wall of the fault.The predominant periods of response spectra at the upper wall of a fault are apparently longer,and those at the lower wall of the fault are shorter.The wider the fault fracture zone is,the larger the PRS(peak response spectrum) of horizontal seismic ground motion is;and the stiffer the fault fracture zone is,the larger the PRS of horizontal seismic ground motion is.As the inclined angle of a fault increases,the position of the maximal PRS gradually moves to the upper wall of the fault.The spectrum of incident seismic wave also plays an important role in the amplification of seismic ground motion around a fault.
引文
[1]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yuxian.Earthquake Engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Seismological Press,2006.(in Chinese)
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[14]刘晶波,刘祥庆,赵冬冬.垂直断层破碎带对Rayleigh波传播与场地地震动反应的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2008,28(6):507-514.LIU Jingbo,LIU Xiangqing,ZHAO Dongdong.Effects of vertical fault fracture zones on the spreading of Rayleigh wave and ground motion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2008,28(6):507-514.(in Chinese)
[15]梁建文,冯领香,巴振宁.含断层破碎带场地对平面SH波的放大作用[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):300-309.LIANG Jianwen,FENG Lingxiang,BA Zhenning.Amplification of plane SH waves by a local fault with fracture zone[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(3):300-309.(in Chinese)
[16]梁建文,冯领香,巴振宁.局部断层场地对平面SV波的散射[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):94-106.LIANG Jianwen,FENG Lingxiang,BA Zhenning.Scattering of plane SV waves by local fault site[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(5):94-106.(in Chinese)
[17]梁建文,冯领香,巴振宁.局部断层场地对P波的散射影响研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):244-252.LIANG Jianwen,FENG Lingxiang,BA Zhenning.Diffraction of plane P waves around a local fault[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):244-252.(in Chinese)
[18]Lysmer J,et al.FLUSH:a computer program for approximate 3-D analysis of soil-structure interaction problems[R].EERC Report 75-30,Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,1975.
[19]Lysmer J,Waas G.Shear waves in plane infinite structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1972,98(1):85-105.
[2]石玉成,陈炳午.非发震断层的地震效应问题[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):12-16.SHI Yucheng,CHEN Bingwu.Effects of non-causative faults on earthquake damages[J].Northwestern Seismological,1994,16(1):12-16.(in Chinese)
[3]梁建文.穿越三种土介质管线的动力分析[J].天津大学学报,1998,31(2):163-168.LIANG Jianwen.Dynamic analysis of pipelines laid through three-soil media[J].Journal of Tianjin University,1998,31(2):163-168.(in Chinese)
[4]温瑞智,周正华,孙平善,等.断层场地地震动分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1):21-27.WEN Ruizhi,ZHOU Zhenghua,SUN Pingshan,et al.Ground motion analysis for near-fault site[J].Journal of Earthquake and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(1):21-27.(in Chinese)
[5]曹炳政,罗奇峰.浅层断层对场地地震动影响的有限元分析[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):96-101.CAO Bingzheng,LUO Qifeng.Analysis on effect of surface fault on site ground motion using finite element method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,25(1):96-101.(in Chinese)
[6]李仕栋,罗奇峰.非活动隐伏断层对结构地震反应的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(4):25-28.LI Shidong,LUO Qifeng.Influence of non-active concealed fault to seismic response of structure[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2003,12(4):25-28.(in Chinese)
[7]李仕栋,罗奇峰.不同倾角断层对场地动力放大效应的分析[J].地震研究,2004,27(3):283-286.LI Shidong,LUO Qifeng.Analysis of magnification effect of faults with various rake angles to site dynamic response[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2004,27(3):283-286.(in Chinese)
[8]任春,罗奇峰.断层破碎带对非发震断层场地地震动的影响[J].地震研究,2005,28(2):162-166.REN Chun,LUO Qifeng.Effect of fault fracture zone on the ground motion of non-causative fault site[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2005,28(2):162-166.(in Chinese)
[9]李山有,马强,武东坡,等.断层场地地震反应特征研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(5):32-37.LI Shanyou,MA Qiang,WU Dongpo,et al.Study on characteristics of seismic responses of fault sites[J].Journal of Earthquake and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(5):32-37.(in Chinese)
[10]刘向峰,王来贵.非发震断层场地地震动力响应特性研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,24(1):48-50.LIU Xiangfeng,WANG Laigui.Study on earthquake dynamic response of non-causative faults site[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2005,24(1):48-50.(in Chinese)
[11]杨笑梅,王海涛,杨柏坡.竖向地裂缝附近的地面运动[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(5):34-40.YANG Xiaomei,WANG Haitao,YANG Baipo.The ground motion near vertical cracks in fault sites[J].Journal of Earthquake and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(5):34-40.(in Chinese)
[12]杨笑梅,王海涛,杨柏坡.竖向断层对场地地面运动的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):7-13.YANG Xiaomei,WANG Haitao,YANG Baipo.The influence of vertical cracks in fault sites on the ground motion[J].Journal of Earthquake and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):7-13.(in Chinese)
[13]杨笑梅,王海涛,杨柏坡.三维竖向断层场地对地面运动的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(2):1-7.YANG Xiaomei,WANG Haitao,YANG Baipo,The influence of three-dimensional fault sites on the ground motion[J].Journal of Earthquake and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(2):1-7.(in Chinese)
[14]刘晶波,刘祥庆,赵冬冬.垂直断层破碎带对Rayleigh波传播与场地地震动反应的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2008,28(6):507-514.LIU Jingbo,LIU Xiangqing,ZHAO Dongdong.Effects of vertical fault fracture zones on the spreading of Rayleigh wave and ground motion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2008,28(6):507-514.(in Chinese)
[15]梁建文,冯领香,巴振宁.含断层破碎带场地对平面SH波的放大作用[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):300-309.LIANG Jianwen,FENG Lingxiang,BA Zhenning.Amplification of plane SH waves by a local fault with fracture zone[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(3):300-309.(in Chinese)
[16]梁建文,冯领香,巴振宁.局部断层场地对平面SV波的散射[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):94-106.LIANG Jianwen,FENG Lingxiang,BA Zhenning.Scattering of plane SV waves by local fault site[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(5):94-106.(in Chinese)
[17]梁建文,冯领香,巴振宁.局部断层场地对P波的散射影响研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):244-252.LIANG Jianwen,FENG Lingxiang,BA Zhenning.Diffraction of plane P waves around a local fault[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):244-252.(in Chinese)
[18]Lysmer J,et al.FLUSH:a computer program for approximate 3-D analysis of soil-structure interaction problems[R].EERC Report 75-30,Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,1975.
[19]Lysmer J,Waas G.Shear waves in plane infinite structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1972,98(1):85-105.
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