地震电磁卫星载荷及现状
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摘要
系统介绍了法国DEMETER电磁卫星搭载的电场测量仪、磁场测量仪、离子分析仪和高能粒子探测仪的科学目的、简单的工作原理、观测模式以及观测的物理量.同时介绍了国际现有运行的地震电磁卫星搭载的观测仪器,对空间-地面电磁观测系统进行了简要的讨论.这些资料将为我国地震电磁卫星计划的实施提供参考.
The instruments of payloads onboard on DEMETER satellite is introduced in the paper.It is introduced in detail that onboard instruments of scientific objective,simple principle,observation mode and measured parameters of electrical field and magnetic field,thermal plasma analyzer and High energy electron detection.The payloads on others seismic electromagnetic satellites which are working in the space are described simply also.The brief discussion of measurement identification between satellite and Ground-based electromagnetic studies is included.All of the information will be helpful for China satellite project of seismic electromagnetic observation onboard.
The instruments of payloads onboard on DEMETER satellite is introduced in the paper.It is introduced in detail that onboard instruments of scientific objective,simple principle,observation mode and measured parameters of electrical field and magnetic field,thermal plasma analyzer and High energy electron detection.The payloads on others seismic electromagnetic satellites which are working in the space are described simply also.The brief discussion of measurement identification between satellite and Ground-based electromagnetic studies is included.All of the information will be helpful for China satellite project of seismic electromagnetic observation onboard.
引文
[1]Fraser-Smith A C,Bernardi A,McGill P R,et al.Low-fre-quency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of theMs 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.1990,17:1465~1468.
[2]Molchanov O A,Kopytenko Y A,Voronov P M,et al.Re-sults of ULF magnetic field measurements near the epicentresof the Spitak(Ms 6.9)and Loma Prieta(Ms 7.1)earth-quakes:comparative analysis[J].Geophysics Research Let-ter.1992,19:1495~1498.
[3]Hayakawa M,Itoh T,Hattori K,Yumoto K.ULF electro-magnetic precursors for an earthquake at Biak,Indonesia,onFebruary 17,1996[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.2000,27(10):1531~1534.
[4]Molchanov O A,Mazhaeva O A,Golyavin A N,HayakawaM.Observation by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLFelectromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes[J].Ann.Geophys.1993,11:431~440.
[5]Parrot M.Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recorded bya low altitude satellite during seismic events[J].J.Geophys.Res.1994,99(23):339~23,347.
[6]Singh R,Singh B,Bansal V,Hayakawa M.VLF electromag-netic noise bursts related to major seismic activities observed atAgra[J].J.Atmos.Electr.2000,20(1):7~20.
[7]Hayakawa M.Electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes:re-view of recent activities[J].Review Radio Science,1993?1995.Oxford University Press,Oxford,1997,807~818.
[8]Biagi P.Seismic effects on LF radio-waves.In:Hayakawa,A.(Ed.),Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phe-nomena Associated with Earthquakes[M].Terra ScientificPublishing Company,Tokyo,1999,535~542.
[9]Takano T,Yamada A,Sakai K,Higasa H,Shimakura S.En-hancements of electromagnetic broadband noise in 50MHzband which possibly associate with earthquakes[J].J.At-mos.Electr.2002,22(1):23~34.
[10]Yamada A,Sakai K,Yaji Y,Takano T,Shimakura S.Ob-servations of natural noise in VHF band which relates toearthquakes[M].In:Hayakawa,M.,Molchanov,O.A.(Eds.),Seismo-Electromagnetics(Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling).Terra Scientific Publishing Company,Tokyo,2002,255~257.
[11]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionosphericsignatures prior to M≥6.0 Taiwan earthquakes[J].Geo-phys.Res.Lett.2000,27:3113~3116.
[12]Serebryakova O N,Bdichenko S V,Chmyrev V M,et al.E-lectromagnetic ELF radiation from earthquake regions as ob-served by low-altitude satellites[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1992,19(2):91~94.
[13]Parrot M.Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recordedby a low-altitude satellite during seismic events[J].J.Geo-phys.Res..1994,99(A12),23,339~23,347.
[14]Parrot M.The micro-satelitte DEMETER[J].Journal ofGeodynamics,2002,33:535~541.
[15]Berthelier J J,Godefroy M,Leblanc F,Malingre M,Men-vielle M,et al.The electric field experiment on DEMETER[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5):456~471.
[16]Parrot M,Benoist D,Berthelier J J,Becki J,et al.Themagnetic field experiment IMSC and its data processing on-board DEMETER:scientific objectives,description and firstresults[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5):441~455.
[17]Berthelier J J,Godefroy M,Leblanc F,Seran E,et al.Thethermal plasma analyzer on DEMETER[J].Planet.SpaceSci.2006,54(5):487~501.
[18]Sauvaud J A,Moreau T,Maggiolo R,Treilhou J P,et al.High energy electron detection onboard DEMETER:the IDPspectrometer,description and first results on the inner belt[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5):502~511.
[19]膝吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276~281.
[20]Zlotnicki J,Le MoulёJ L,Kanwar R,Yvetot P,et al.Ground-based electromagnetic studies combined with remotesensing based on Demeter mission:A way to monitor activefaults and volcanoes[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5),541~557
[20]赵国泽,陈小斌,蔡军涛.电磁卫星和地震预测[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):667~673.
[2]Molchanov O A,Kopytenko Y A,Voronov P M,et al.Re-sults of ULF magnetic field measurements near the epicentresof the Spitak(Ms 6.9)and Loma Prieta(Ms 7.1)earth-quakes:comparative analysis[J].Geophysics Research Let-ter.1992,19:1495~1498.
[3]Hayakawa M,Itoh T,Hattori K,Yumoto K.ULF electro-magnetic precursors for an earthquake at Biak,Indonesia,onFebruary 17,1996[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.2000,27(10):1531~1534.
[4]Molchanov O A,Mazhaeva O A,Golyavin A N,HayakawaM.Observation by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLFelectromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes[J].Ann.Geophys.1993,11:431~440.
[5]Parrot M.Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recorded bya low altitude satellite during seismic events[J].J.Geophys.Res.1994,99(23):339~23,347.
[6]Singh R,Singh B,Bansal V,Hayakawa M.VLF electromag-netic noise bursts related to major seismic activities observed atAgra[J].J.Atmos.Electr.2000,20(1):7~20.
[7]Hayakawa M.Electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes:re-view of recent activities[J].Review Radio Science,1993?1995.Oxford University Press,Oxford,1997,807~818.
[8]Biagi P.Seismic effects on LF radio-waves.In:Hayakawa,A.(Ed.),Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phe-nomena Associated with Earthquakes[M].Terra ScientificPublishing Company,Tokyo,1999,535~542.
[9]Takano T,Yamada A,Sakai K,Higasa H,Shimakura S.En-hancements of electromagnetic broadband noise in 50MHzband which possibly associate with earthquakes[J].J.At-mos.Electr.2002,22(1):23~34.
[10]Yamada A,Sakai K,Yaji Y,Takano T,Shimakura S.Ob-servations of natural noise in VHF band which relates toearthquakes[M].In:Hayakawa,M.,Molchanov,O.A.(Eds.),Seismo-Electromagnetics(Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling).Terra Scientific Publishing Company,Tokyo,2002,255~257.
[11]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionosphericsignatures prior to M≥6.0 Taiwan earthquakes[J].Geo-phys.Res.Lett.2000,27:3113~3116.
[12]Serebryakova O N,Bdichenko S V,Chmyrev V M,et al.E-lectromagnetic ELF radiation from earthquake regions as ob-served by low-altitude satellites[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1992,19(2):91~94.
[13]Parrot M.Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recordedby a low-altitude satellite during seismic events[J].J.Geo-phys.Res..1994,99(A12),23,339~23,347.
[14]Parrot M.The micro-satelitte DEMETER[J].Journal ofGeodynamics,2002,33:535~541.
[15]Berthelier J J,Godefroy M,Leblanc F,Malingre M,Men-vielle M,et al.The electric field experiment on DEMETER[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5):456~471.
[16]Parrot M,Benoist D,Berthelier J J,Becki J,et al.Themagnetic field experiment IMSC and its data processing on-board DEMETER:scientific objectives,description and firstresults[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5):441~455.
[17]Berthelier J J,Godefroy M,Leblanc F,Seran E,et al.Thethermal plasma analyzer on DEMETER[J].Planet.SpaceSci.2006,54(5):487~501.
[18]Sauvaud J A,Moreau T,Maggiolo R,Treilhou J P,et al.High energy electron detection onboard DEMETER:the IDPspectrometer,description and first results on the inner belt[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5):502~511.
[19]膝吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276~281.
[20]Zlotnicki J,Le MoulёJ L,Kanwar R,Yvetot P,et al.Ground-based electromagnetic studies combined with remotesensing based on Demeter mission:A way to monitor activefaults and volcanoes[J].Planet.Space Sci.2006,54(5),541~557
[20]赵国泽,陈小斌,蔡军涛.电磁卫星和地震预测[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):667~673.
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