蒙古南贝尔凹陷白垩纪地震作用的证据
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摘要
在区域构造背景研究和岩心观察的基础上,在蒙古南贝尔凹陷白垩纪地层中识别出震积岩。震积岩的主要标志是发育各种类型的软沉积变形构造,包括微同沉积断裂、卷曲变形构造、液化砂岩脉、震积枕状及伴生构造等,这是首次在蒙古南贝尔凹陷发现与地震作用有关的沉积特征。在塔21-9井中发现完整的震积岩垂向序列,序列自下而上分为下伏未震层、砂岩脉(砂火山)、震动卷曲变形层、内碎屑角砾岩层、阶梯状微断层和震裂缝层、震浊积岩层和上覆未震层。如此完整地震序列在同一口井岩芯中同时出现实属罕见,为进一步深入研究古地震作用提供了良好的物质组合。
Based on studies of regional tectonic background and the observation of drilling cores, the seismite is recognized which mainly occurred in Cretaceous in South Beir sag, Mongolia. Many kinds of soft sedimentary deformation structures have been found in seismite, such as step micro-faults, pleated within layers, liquefaction sandstone veins, vibrational liquefaction deformation structure and seismic breccias. It is the first time that seismite has been found in South Beir sag, Mongolia. The complete vertical sequence of seismite developed in Well Ta21-9, which include bottom unshaken layer, liquefied sandstone vein bed, vibration liquefaction deformation structure bed, intraclastic parabreccia bed, ladder-shaped faulted and vibration split bed, seismic turbidite bed and top unshaken layer. It is rare among the reported examples about such complete sequence of seismite in one Well's core, so it is a good example and offers power evidences to study seismism.
Based on studies of regional tectonic background and the observation of drilling cores, the seismite is recognized which mainly occurred in Cretaceous in South Beir sag, Mongolia. Many kinds of soft sedimentary deformation structures have been found in seismite, such as step micro-faults, pleated within layers, liquefaction sandstone veins, vibrational liquefaction deformation structure and seismic breccias. It is the first time that seismite has been found in South Beir sag, Mongolia. The complete vertical sequence of seismite developed in Well Ta21-9, which include bottom unshaken layer, liquefied sandstone vein bed, vibration liquefaction deformation structure bed, intraclastic parabreccia bed, ladder-shaped faulted and vibration split bed, seismic turbidite bed and top unshaken layer. It is rare among the reported examples about such complete sequence of seismite in one Well's core, so it is a good example and offers power evidences to study seismism.
引文
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3杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):281-286[Yang Jianping,Wang Hui,Chen Shiyue,et al.The features of seismite in Jiyang Sub-Basin,Paleogene[J].Ac-ta Sedimentology Sinica,2004,22(2):281-286]
4宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611[Song Tianrui.A possible seismic-tsunami sequence in Precambrian carbonate stratig-raphy in Shisanling area,Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,38(8):609-611]
5乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-32[Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.Seismic sequence in carbonate rocks by vibrational liquefaction[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1994,68(1):16-32]
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12杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(4):284-290[Du Yuansheng,Zhang Chuanheng,HanXin.Earthquake events deposi-tion and geologic significance of Kunyang group in Mid Proterozoic in Dianxi[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(4):284-290]
13吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):19-24[Wu Xiantao,Yin Guoxun.Discovery and significance of seismites of lake deposition of Late Jurassic in Ermei in Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(3):19-24]
14尹国勋,汤友谊.地史时期地震事件的岩石学证据—以四川峨嵋晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中的震积岩为例[J].地震地质,1993,15(1):61-65[Yin Guoxun,Tang Youyi.Petrology evidence for seismic event in geologic history:with an example of seismite in the sediment of Late Jurassic lakes in the Emei Mountains,Sichuan province[J].Seismol-ogy and Geology,1993,15(1):61-65]
15张琴,朱筱敏,张建军,等.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄—窟窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):158-162[Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Jianjun,et al.The dis-covery of seismite and its significance in Lower Cretaceous in Li-ugouzhuang and Kulongshan Region,Qingnan Sag,Jiuxi Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):158-162]
16袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):41-46[Yuan Jing.The property and geological sig-nificance of seismites of Paleogene in Huimin Sag,Shandong Province[J].Acta Sedimentology Sinica,2004,22(1):41-46]
17付文利,王艳琴,杨光等.东营凹陷沙三段、沙四段震积岩研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(2):6-8[Fu Wenli,Wang Yan-qin,Yang Guang,et al.Study on seismite of Sha3and Sha4member in Dongying Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(2):6-8]
18陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):413-424[Chen Shiyue,Yuan Wenfang,Yan Jihua.Discovery and significance of earthquake event deposits of Early Tertiary in the Jiyang Depression[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2003,38(3):413-424]
19夏青松,田景春.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):246-252[Xia Qing-song,Tian Jingchun.Characteristics and geological significance of seismites of the Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentology Sinica,2007,25(2):246-252]
20赵卫卫,查明,杨剑萍.中国震积岩研究综述[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):172-176[ZhaoWeiwei,Zha Ming,Yang Jianping.An over-view of seismite research in China[J].Journal of Stratigra-phy,2006,30(2):172-176]
21杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394[Du Yuansheng,Han Xin.Seismo-deposition and Seis-mites[J].Advance on Earth Science,2000,15(4):389-394]
22沈华,李春柏,陈发景,等.伸展断陷盆地的演化特征—以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):287-294[Shen Hua,Li Chunbai,Chen Fajing,et al.Evolution characteristics of ex-tensional faulted depression basin:an example from Bei’er Depression in Hailaer Basin[J].Geoscience,2005,19(2):287-294]
23梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-146[Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Wan Xiaoqiao,et al.On the seismite and seis-mic disconformity:take the western Sichuan and western Yunnan re-gions as an example[J].Geoscience.1991,5(2):138-146]
24Ian J Fairchild,Gerhard Einsele,Tianrui Song.Possible seismic ori-gin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp depos-its,north China[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:611-636
25Rossetti D F,Goes A M.Deciphering the sedimentological imprint of paleoseismic events:an example from the Aptian Codo formation,northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135:137-156
26Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song T.Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north Chi-na[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(4):611-630
27Frank TD,Lyons TW.“Molar tooth”structures,a geochemical per-spective on a Proterozoic enigma[J].Geology,1998,26(8):683-686
28魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及其意义[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):827-833[Wei Chuigao,Zhang Shiqi,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Character and significance of Silurian seismite in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica.2007,81(6):827-833]
29Roep TB,Events A J.Pillow-beds:a newtype of seismites-An ex-ample from Oligocene turbidite fan complex,Alicante[J].Sedimen-tology,1992,39:711-724
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33郭力宇,甘枝茂,张国伟,等.陕西洛南陶湾砾岩地震机理新认识[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(4):497-503[Guo Liyu,Gan Zhimao,Zhang Guowei,et al.The seismic stratigraphic a-nalysis of Taowan conglomerate in Luonan,Shaanxi[J].Acta Scien-tiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2002,38(4):497-503]
2魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):798-805[Wei Chuigao,Zhang Shiqi,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Discovery and significance of Siluri-an in MemberⅢat Shahejie Formation in Xianhe area of Dongying Sag[J].Acta Sedimentology Sinica,2006,24(6):798-805]
3杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):281-286[Yang Jianping,Wang Hui,Chen Shiyue,et al.The features of seismite in Jiyang Sub-Basin,Paleogene[J].Ac-ta Sedimentology Sinica,2004,22(2):281-286]
4宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611[Song Tianrui.A possible seismic-tsunami sequence in Precambrian carbonate stratig-raphy in Shisanling area,Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,38(8):609-611]
5乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-32[Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.Seismic sequence in carbonate rocks by vibrational liquefaction[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1994,68(1):16-32]
6乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3-4):155-160[Qiao Xiufu,Li Haibing,Gao Linzhi.Sinian-early Paleozoic seismic rhythms on the north China Plat-form[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1997,4(3-4):155-160]
7乔秀夫,高林志.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,2007,9(4):338-352[Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi.Mesoprotero-zoic palaeoearthquake and palaeogeography in Yan-Liao Aulacogen[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2007,9(4):338-352]
8乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,1999,44(16):1753-1758[Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi.Earth quake events in Neoproterozoic and Early Pa-leozoic and its relationship with super continental Rodinia in North Chi-na[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(16):1753-1758]
9乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(11):911-918[Qiao Xi-ufu,Gao Linzhi,Peng Yang,et al.Seismic event,sequence and tec-tonic significance in Canglangpu Stage in Paleo-Tanlu Fault Zone[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(11):911-918]
10孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):1227[Sun Xiaomeng,Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong.Seismite sequence in continental margin:taking seismite in middle region of Jinsha River as an example[J].Geosciences,1995,9(3):1-27]
11杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西地区中元古代大龙口组震积岩的新发现[J].沉积学报,1999,24(增刊):28-37[Du Yuansheng,Zhang Chuanheng,Han Xin.Newdiscovery of seismites in Dalongkou group in Mid-Proterozoic in Dianxi[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(Suppl.):28-37]
12杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(4):284-290[Du Yuansheng,Zhang Chuanheng,HanXin.Earthquake events deposi-tion and geologic significance of Kunyang group in Mid Proterozoic in Dianxi[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(4):284-290]
13吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):19-24[Wu Xiantao,Yin Guoxun.Discovery and significance of seismites of lake deposition of Late Jurassic in Ermei in Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(3):19-24]
14尹国勋,汤友谊.地史时期地震事件的岩石学证据—以四川峨嵋晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中的震积岩为例[J].地震地质,1993,15(1):61-65[Yin Guoxun,Tang Youyi.Petrology evidence for seismic event in geologic history:with an example of seismite in the sediment of Late Jurassic lakes in the Emei Mountains,Sichuan province[J].Seismol-ogy and Geology,1993,15(1):61-65]
15张琴,朱筱敏,张建军,等.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄—窟窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):158-162[Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Jianjun,et al.The dis-covery of seismite and its significance in Lower Cretaceous in Li-ugouzhuang and Kulongshan Region,Qingnan Sag,Jiuxi Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):158-162]
16袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):41-46[Yuan Jing.The property and geological sig-nificance of seismites of Paleogene in Huimin Sag,Shandong Province[J].Acta Sedimentology Sinica,2004,22(1):41-46]
17付文利,王艳琴,杨光等.东营凹陷沙三段、沙四段震积岩研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(2):6-8[Fu Wenli,Wang Yan-qin,Yang Guang,et al.Study on seismite of Sha3and Sha4member in Dongying Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(2):6-8]
18陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):413-424[Chen Shiyue,Yuan Wenfang,Yan Jihua.Discovery and significance of earthquake event deposits of Early Tertiary in the Jiyang Depression[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2003,38(3):413-424]
19夏青松,田景春.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):246-252[Xia Qing-song,Tian Jingchun.Characteristics and geological significance of seismites of the Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentology Sinica,2007,25(2):246-252]
20赵卫卫,查明,杨剑萍.中国震积岩研究综述[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):172-176[ZhaoWeiwei,Zha Ming,Yang Jianping.An over-view of seismite research in China[J].Journal of Stratigra-phy,2006,30(2):172-176]
21杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394[Du Yuansheng,Han Xin.Seismo-deposition and Seis-mites[J].Advance on Earth Science,2000,15(4):389-394]
22沈华,李春柏,陈发景,等.伸展断陷盆地的演化特征—以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):287-294[Shen Hua,Li Chunbai,Chen Fajing,et al.Evolution characteristics of ex-tensional faulted depression basin:an example from Bei’er Depression in Hailaer Basin[J].Geoscience,2005,19(2):287-294]
23梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-146[Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Wan Xiaoqiao,et al.On the seismite and seis-mic disconformity:take the western Sichuan and western Yunnan re-gions as an example[J].Geoscience.1991,5(2):138-146]
24Ian J Fairchild,Gerhard Einsele,Tianrui Song.Possible seismic ori-gin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp depos-its,north China[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:611-636
25Rossetti D F,Goes A M.Deciphering the sedimentological imprint of paleoseismic events:an example from the Aptian Codo formation,northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135:137-156
26Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song T.Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north Chi-na[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(4):611-630
27Frank TD,Lyons TW.“Molar tooth”structures,a geochemical per-spective on a Proterozoic enigma[J].Geology,1998,26(8):683-686
28魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及其意义[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):827-833[Wei Chuigao,Zhang Shiqi,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Character and significance of Silurian seismite in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica.2007,81(6):827-833]
29Roep TB,Events A J.Pillow-beds:a newtype of seismites-An ex-ample from Oligocene turbidite fan complex,Alicante[J].Sedimen-tology,1992,39:711-724
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