南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制
摘要
块体搬运沉积体系是一种重力作用下形成的深水沉积体系,在全球大陆边缘沉积体系中扮演着重要角色.块体搬运沉积作用不仅造成危害极大的深水地质灾害,而且与海洋天然气水合物和深水油气的形成过程与富集有密切联系.根据新获得的海底地形地貌资料和地震资料,揭示了块体搬运沉积体系识别特征,明确了其分布范围.这些块体搬运沉积体系具有明显的滑坡形态和沉积构造;头部表现张性断裂构造,内部有旋转断块和流动构造,趾部表现为挤压和逆冲构造.块体搬运沉积体系表现出不同的成因类型.通过白云凹陷天然气水合物的分布模式和白云块体搬运沉积体系有限元数值模拟研究,认为白云块体搬运沉积体系与天然气水合物分解密切相关,进一步给出6种水合物分解模型情况下海底稳定性的安全因子,随着水合物分解量的增加,斜坡的稳定性逐渐减弱,当水合物的分解达到一定数量时,就会发育海底块体搬运沉积体系.
Mass transport deposits(MTDs) are one kind of deepwater sedimentary system driven by the gravity flow action,and play an important role in the deep-water sedimentation in the global continental margins.MTDs are not only one of the most serious deep-water geohazards, but also have close relationships with the formation and accumulation of marine gas hydrates and deepwater hydrocarbon.Based on the topographic and high resolution seismic data in the hydrocarbon exploration region,we reveal the discerned characteristics and distribution of the MTDs in the northern slope of the South China Sea.The MTDs are characterized by apparent geomorphology and sedimentary structures.The head of MTDs has well developed extensional fault;the middle of MTDs has slide and turnover block;in the toe region of MTDs occurred compressive structures and thrust faults.Several mechanisms can induce the development of MTDs.However,Baiyun MTDs were inferred to be dominated by the dissociation of gas hydrate after we have analyzed the model of gas hydrate reservoirs and numerical modeling by using elastic-plastic finite element method for the MTDs in the Baiyun sag.We calculated 6 sets oi safety factors with 6 different dissociation levels of gas hydrate,and found that with the increasing dissociation of gas hydrate,the stability of submarine slope decreases.
Mass transport deposits(MTDs) are one kind of deepwater sedimentary system driven by the gravity flow action,and play an important role in the deep-water sedimentation in the global continental margins.MTDs are not only one of the most serious deep-water geohazards, but also have close relationships with the formation and accumulation of marine gas hydrates and deepwater hydrocarbon.Based on the topographic and high resolution seismic data in the hydrocarbon exploration region,we reveal the discerned characteristics and distribution of the MTDs in the northern slope of the South China Sea.The MTDs are characterized by apparent geomorphology and sedimentary structures.The head of MTDs has well developed extensional fault;the middle of MTDs has slide and turnover block;in the toe region of MTDs occurred compressive structures and thrust faults.Several mechanisms can induce the development of MTDs.However,Baiyun MTDs were inferred to be dominated by the dissociation of gas hydrate after we have analyzed the model of gas hydrate reservoirs and numerical modeling by using elastic-plastic finite element method for the MTDs in the Baiyun sag.We calculated 6 sets oi safety factors with 6 different dissociation levels of gas hydrate,and found that with the increasing dissociation of gas hydrate,the stability of submarine slope decreases.
引文
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[2]Henry S P,Paul W.Worldwide deep-water exploration and production;Past,present,and future.The Leading Edge, 2002,21(4):371-376
[3]Locat J,Lee H J.Submarine landslides:advancesand challenges.Canada Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(1):193- 212
[4]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy of the Mississippi fan(Plio-Pleistocene), Gulf of Mexico.Geo-Marine Letters,1989,9 (4):185-272
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[11]李家彪主编.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应.北京:海洋出版社,2005.508 Li J B ed.Evolution of China's Marginal Seas and Its Effect of Natural Resources(in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press, 2005.508
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[14]何云龙,解习农,李俊良等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素.地质科技情报,2010,29(2):119-123 He Y L,Xie X N,Li J L,et al.Depositional characteristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in the Qiongdongnan Basin.Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese),2010,29(2):118-123
[15]王海荣,王英民,邱燕等.南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素.海洋学报,2008,30(2):70-81 Wang H R,Wang Y M,Qiu Y,et al.Geomorphology and its control of deep-water slope of the margin of the South China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30 (2):70-81
[16]董冬冬,王大伟,张功成等.珠江口盆地深水区新生代构造沉积演化.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(5): 17-23 Dong D D,Wang D W,Zhang G C,et al.Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution of deepwater area,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum {Edition of Natural Science)(in Chinese),2009,33(5): 17-23
[17]易海,钟广见,马金凤.台西南盆地新生代断裂特征与盆地演化.石油实验地质,2007,29(6):560-565 Yi H,Zhong G J,Ma J F.Fracture characteristics and basin evolution of the Taixinan Basin in Cenozoic.Petroleum Geology & Experiment(in Chinese),2007,29(6):560-565
[18]丁巍伟,王渝明,陈汉林等.台西南盆地构造特征与演化.浙江大学学报(理学版),2004,31(2):216-220 Ding W W,Wang Y M,Chen H L,et al.Deformation characters and its tectonic evolution of the Southwest Taiwan Basin.Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition)(in Chinese),2004,31(2):216-220
[19]Pickering K T,Corregidor J.Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) and tectonic control on basin-floor submarine fans, middle Eocene,south Spanish Pyrenees.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2005,75(5):761-783
[20]Bull S,Cartwright J,Huuse,M.Areview of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3D seismic data.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1132- 1151
[21]Pirmez C,MarrJ,Shipp C,et al.Observations and numerical modeling of debries flows in the Na Kika Basin, Gulf of Mexico.Annual Offshore Technology Conference. Paper OTC 16749,2004.13
[22]Schwab W C,Lee H J,Twichell D C.Submarine landslides: selected studies in the U.S.exclusive economic Zones.U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin,2002.97-103
[23]Hampton M A,Lee H J,Locat J.Submarine landslides. Review of Geophysics,1996,34(1):33-59
[24]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy,seismic geometries,and depositional history of the Mississippi Fan,deep Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:425-453
[25]吴时国,董冬冬,杨胜雄等.南海北部陆坡细粒沉积物天然气水合物系统的形成模式初探.地球物理学报,2009,52 (7):1849-1857 Wu S G,Dong D D,Yang S X,et al.Genetic model of the hydrate system in the fine grain sediments in the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2009,52(7):1849-1857
[26]刘锋,吴时国,孙运宝.南海北部陆坡水合物分解引起海底不稳定性的定量分析.地球物理学报,2010,53(4):946- 953 Liu F,WuS G,SunYB.Aquantitativeanalysisfor submarine slope instability of the northern South China Sea due to gas hydrate dissociation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(4):946-953
[2]Henry S P,Paul W.Worldwide deep-water exploration and production;Past,present,and future.The Leading Edge, 2002,21(4):371-376
[3]Locat J,Lee H J.Submarine landslides:advancesand challenges.Canada Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(1):193- 212
[4]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy of the Mississippi fan(Plio-Pleistocene), Gulf of Mexico.Geo-Marine Letters,1989,9 (4):185-272
[5]McGilvery T A,Haddad G,Cook D L.Seafloor and shallow subsurface examples of mass transport complexes,offshore Brunei.Annual Offshore Technology Conference,2004. 16780
[6]Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrates-geological perspective and global change.Rev.Geophys.,1993,31(2):173-187
[7]甘华阳,王家生,胡高韦.海洋沉积物中的天然气水合物与海底滑坡.防灾减灾工程学报,2004,24(2):1 77-181 Gan H Y,Wang J S,Hu G W.Submarine landslide related to natural gas hydrate within Benthal deposit.Journal of Disaster Prevention amd Mitigation Engineering(in Chinese),2004,24(2):177-181
[8]Gee M J R,Uy H S,Warren J,et al.The Brunei slide:A giant submarine landslide on the North West Borneo Margin revealed by 3D seismic data.Marine Geology,2007,246 (1):9-23
[9]李铁刚,曹奇原,李安春等.从源到汇:大陆边缘的沉积作用.地球科学进展,2003,18(5):713-722 Li TG,Cao QY,Li A C,et al.Source to sink: Sedimentation in the continental margins.Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),2003,18(5):713-722
[10]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究.沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930 Wu S G,Qin Y S.The research of deepwater depositional system in the Northern South China Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,27(5);922- 930
[11]李家彪主编.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应.北京:海洋出版社,2005.508 Li J B ed.Evolution of China's Marginal Seas and Its Effect of Natural Resources(in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press, 2005.508
[12]王大伟,吴时国,董冬冬等.琼东南盆地第四纪块体搬运体系的地震特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(3):69- 74 Wang D W,Wu S G,Dong D D,et al.Seismic characteristics of Quaternary mass transport deposits in Qiongdongnan basin.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2009,29(3):69-74
[13]Xie X N,Miiller R D,Ren J Y,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northern South China Sea.Marine Geology,2008,247(3-4):129-144
[14]何云龙,解习农,李俊良等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素.地质科技情报,2010,29(2):119-123 He Y L,Xie X N,Li J L,et al.Depositional characteristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in the Qiongdongnan Basin.Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese),2010,29(2):118-123
[15]王海荣,王英民,邱燕等.南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素.海洋学报,2008,30(2):70-81 Wang H R,Wang Y M,Qiu Y,et al.Geomorphology and its control of deep-water slope of the margin of the South China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30 (2):70-81
[16]董冬冬,王大伟,张功成等.珠江口盆地深水区新生代构造沉积演化.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(5): 17-23 Dong D D,Wang D W,Zhang G C,et al.Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution of deepwater area,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum {Edition of Natural Science)(in Chinese),2009,33(5): 17-23
[17]易海,钟广见,马金凤.台西南盆地新生代断裂特征与盆地演化.石油实验地质,2007,29(6):560-565 Yi H,Zhong G J,Ma J F.Fracture characteristics and basin evolution of the Taixinan Basin in Cenozoic.Petroleum Geology & Experiment(in Chinese),2007,29(6):560-565
[18]丁巍伟,王渝明,陈汉林等.台西南盆地构造特征与演化.浙江大学学报(理学版),2004,31(2):216-220 Ding W W,Wang Y M,Chen H L,et al.Deformation characters and its tectonic evolution of the Southwest Taiwan Basin.Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition)(in Chinese),2004,31(2):216-220
[19]Pickering K T,Corregidor J.Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) and tectonic control on basin-floor submarine fans, middle Eocene,south Spanish Pyrenees.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2005,75(5):761-783
[20]Bull S,Cartwright J,Huuse,M.Areview of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3D seismic data.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1132- 1151
[21]Pirmez C,MarrJ,Shipp C,et al.Observations and numerical modeling of debries flows in the Na Kika Basin, Gulf of Mexico.Annual Offshore Technology Conference. Paper OTC 16749,2004.13
[22]Schwab W C,Lee H J,Twichell D C.Submarine landslides: selected studies in the U.S.exclusive economic Zones.U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin,2002.97-103
[23]Hampton M A,Lee H J,Locat J.Submarine landslides. Review of Geophysics,1996,34(1):33-59
[24]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy,seismic geometries,and depositional history of the Mississippi Fan,deep Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:425-453
[25]吴时国,董冬冬,杨胜雄等.南海北部陆坡细粒沉积物天然气水合物系统的形成模式初探.地球物理学报,2009,52 (7):1849-1857 Wu S G,Dong D D,Yang S X,et al.Genetic model of the hydrate system in the fine grain sediments in the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2009,52(7):1849-1857
[26]刘锋,吴时国,孙运宝.南海北部陆坡水合物分解引起海底不稳定性的定量分析.地球物理学报,2010,53(4):946- 953 Liu F,WuS G,SunYB.Aquantitativeanalysisfor submarine slope instability of the northern South China Sea due to gas hydrate dissociation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(4):946-953
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