瞬变电磁法三维拟地震成像信息提取技术
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摘要
在瞬变电磁法中,为提高对地下电性界面的分辨率,可移植地震勘探中的诸多技术对界面直接成像,以克服反演中的不适定性.首先为使得波形在高低不同的电性基底所产生的虚拟反射波振幅有可比性,在将原有瞬变电磁场逆变换成虚拟波场数据的基础之上,需要求取均衡系数;接着通过对虚拟波场的离散数据求取反褶积,可基本抵消波场变换的展宽作用和大地滤波影响,以达到对电性界面精确定位的效果;然后,对波形做低通滤波处理后运用克希霍夫积分公式,将虚拟地震波场由地面向地下反向逆时偏移成像.把波场分析原理用于对瞬变电磁场的解释,就形成了瞬变电磁偏移方法.从波场角度看,它拓展和丰富了瞬变电磁场的内涵.使用本方法,可更加容易得到从前用常规解释方法处理无法提取的信息.在延拓成像中可更精确的确定界面深度,并为在瞬变电磁法中合理引入拟地震处理解释方法提供重要的理论依据和实验参照.
In the field of TEM,we make the imaging underground directly by transplanting lots of technology that is usually used for seismic exploration,to improve the resolution of images electric of interfaces.The ill-posed characteristics will be overcome if doing that.Firstly,balanced coefficient must be calculated based on the suppositional waves transformed from TEM,as the amplitudes of them,which grow out of the interface,have always differences. Secondly,the broadening and earth filtering effects can be proximately countervailed,if the result of deconvolution of discrete data are figured out.Then,it is possible for us that the positions of electrical boundaries are located.At last, the final outcome,that is the extension imaging by inversing time from the surface to underground with fictitious seismic waves,will be obtained if we take above data after low pass filtering into Kirchhoff integral formula.The TEM continuation method has been generated when we put the principle of wave field analysts into the explaining of TEM.It makes the connotation of transient electromagnetics widen and abundant,from the wave field view.It's easier to get the information that is difficult to obtain without that technique in the past.The depth of the electrical interface that we calculate becomes more accurate after the continuation imaging.At the same time,it provides significant theoretical basis and experimental reference for rational introduction of the seismic treatment method into TEM.
In the field of TEM,we make the imaging underground directly by transplanting lots of technology that is usually used for seismic exploration,to improve the resolution of images electric of interfaces.The ill-posed characteristics will be overcome if doing that.Firstly,balanced coefficient must be calculated based on the suppositional waves transformed from TEM,as the amplitudes of them,which grow out of the interface,have always differences. Secondly,the broadening and earth filtering effects can be proximately countervailed,if the result of deconvolution of discrete data are figured out.Then,it is possible for us that the positions of electrical boundaries are located.At last, the final outcome,that is the extension imaging by inversing time from the surface to underground with fictitious seismic waves,will be obtained if we take above data after low pass filtering into Kirchhoff integral formula.The TEM continuation method has been generated when we put the principle of wave field analysts into the explaining of TEM.It makes the connotation of transient electromagnetics widen and abundant,from the wave field view.It's easier to get the information that is difficult to obtain without that technique in the past.The depth of the electrical interface that we calculate becomes more accurate after the continuation imaging.At the same time,it provides significant theoretical basis and experimental reference for rational introduction of the seismic treatment method into TEM.
引文
[1] 李貅.瞬变电磁虚拟波场的三维曲面延拓成像研究[D].西安交通大学,2005:17～19,45～51,68～75． Li X.The Research of 3-D Surface extension imaging on TEM Virtual wave field[D].Xi'an Jiaotong University,2005:68～75,17～19．
[2] 李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002,1～4,85～97,102～105． Li X.The theory and application on TEM sounding[M](in Chinese).Xi'an:Shannxi Science and Technology Press,2002,1～4,85～97,102～105．
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[4] Alexander A K,George V K,王建谋译,频率域和时间域电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1983,20～26． Alexander A K,George V K,Wang J M translation,Frequency Domain and Time Domain Electromagnetic Sounding[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1983,20～26．
[5] Chen C S.Mapping plate boundaries using TEM method along the longitudinal Valley[J].Taiwan,Geophysics,1998,63 (3) :868～879．
[6] 牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.1992． Niu Z L.The Theory of Time-Domain Electromagnetic Methods[M](in Chinese).Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1992．
[7] Massoud U,Abbas A M,Mesbah H S A,et al.Mapping of subsoil water level and its impacts on Hawara archeological site by transient and multi-frequency electromagnetic survey[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,53(3) :638～645．
[8] Jiang B Y,Zhang J.Mathematical model for interpretation of new parameter deduced from TEM central loop sounding[J].Geophysics and Geochemical Exploration.(in Chinese),2002,26(6) :478～482．
[9] 石显新,闫述,傅君眉,等.瞬变电磁法中心回线装置资料解释方法的改进[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7) :1931～1936． Shi X X,Yan S,Fu J M,et al.Improvement for interpretation of central loop transient electromagnetic method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,52(7) :1931～1936．
[10] 程辉,底青云,李帝铨.频率信号激励下岩石电性参数研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3) :918～925． Cheng H,Di Q Y,Li D Q.The discussion electrical properties of rocks base on frequency response characteristics[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,25 (3) :918～925．
[11] Guo W B,Xue G Q,Li X.TEM S-inversion in Tunnel prediction[A].In:SEG Houston 2009 International Exposition and Annual Meeting[C],Houston,USA:2009,859～863．
[12] Xue G Q,Song J P,Yan S.Detecting shallow caverns in China using TEM[J].Leading Edge (Tulsa,OK),2004,23 (7) :694～695．
[13] 肖庭延,于慎根,王彦飞.反问题的数值解法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,1～35,143～153． Xiao T Y,Yu S G,Wang Y F.Numerical Solution of Reverse Problem[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2003,1～35,143～153．
[14] 熊彬,罗延钟.电导率分块均匀的瞬变电2． 5维有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :590～597． Xiong B,Luo Y Z.Finite element modeling of 2． 5-D TEM with block homogeneous conductivity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,49(2) :590～597．
[15] 王华军,罗延钟.中心回线瞬变电磁法2． 5维有限单元算法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :855～862． Wang H J,Luo Y Z.Algorithm of a Dimensional Finite Element Method for Transient Electromagnetic whit a Central Loop[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2003,46(6) :855～862．
[16] 朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990． Piao H R.Principle of Electromagnetic Sounding Method[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990．
[17] 李貅,薛国强,宋建平,等.从瞬变电磁场到波场的优化算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5) :1185～1190． Li X,Xue G Q,Song J P,et al.An optimize method for transient electromagnetic field2wave field conversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,48 (5) :1185～1190．
[18] 陈本池,李金铭,周凤桐.瞬变电磁场拟波动方程偏移成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(5) :546～554． Chen B C,Li J M,Zhou F T.Quasi Wave Equation Migration of Transient Electromagnetic Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1999,34 (5) :546～554．
[19] 于鹏,王家林,吴健生.大地电磁场成像方法综述与新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1) :53～58． Yu P,Wang J L,Wu J S.Summary and advances of magnetotelluric data imaging techniques[J].Progress of Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(1) :53～58．
[20] 吕国印.瞬变电磁法二维逆时电磁偏移[J].物探与化探,1998,22(2) :139～142． Lü G Y.Two dimensional reverse time electromagnetic migration for transient electromagnetic method.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),1998,22 (2) :139～142．
[21] 符力耘,Born序列频散方程和Born-Kirchhoff传播算子[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2) :370～384． Fu L Y.Born-series dispersion equations and Born-Kirchhoff propagators[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,53(2) :370～384．
[22] 刘国锋,刘洪,王秀闽,孟小红.Kirchhoff积分时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :131～136． Liu G F,Liu H,Wang X M,Meng X H.Two kinds of traveling time computation and parallel computing methods of Kirchhoff migration.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(1) :131～136．
[23] 薛国强,李貅,宋建平,等.回线源瞬变电磁成像的理论分析及数值计算[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :338～343． Xue G Q,Li X,Song J P,et al.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation of loop-source transient electromagnetic imaging.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :338～343．
[24] Zhdannov M S,Traynin P N.Resistivity imaging by time domain electromagnetic migration[J].Exploration Geophysics,1995,26:186～194．
[25] S H沃德著.地球物理用电磁理论[M].北京:地质出版社,1978,14～18． Ward S H.Electromagnetic Theory on Geophysics[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1978,14～18．
[26] 许炳如,纪英楠.电磁场原理与计算[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社.1993,3～6． Xu B R,Ji Y N.Electromagnetic Theory and Calculation[M](in Chinese).Xi'an:Northwestern Ploytechnical University Press,1993,3～6．
[27] 李蓉,胡天跃.时移地震资料处理中的互均衡技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4) :424～427． Li R,Hu T Y.The mutual balance technology on Timeimmigrate seismic data treatment[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,39(4) :424～427．
[28] 金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,6,20(2) :294～297． Jin L,Chen X H,Liu Q C.New method for time-lapse seismic matching based on SVD[J].Progress of Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,6,20(2) :294～297．
[29] 华军,蒋延生,汪文秉.瞬变电磁测深波场变换中波形展宽原 因探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(3) :52～55． Hua J,Jiang Y S,Wang W B.Discussion of the reason of wave broadening on TEM wave field transform[J].Coal Geology ＆ Exploration(in Chinese),2003,31(3) :52～55．
[30] 何樵登主编.地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1985,13～15,142～151,174～176． He Q D.Seismic Exploration Principle and method[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1985,13～15,142～151,174～176．
[2] 李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002,1～4,85～97,102～105． Li X.The theory and application on TEM sounding[M](in Chinese).Xi'an:Shannxi Science and Technology Press,2002,1～4,85～97,102～105．
[3] 米萨克N.纳比吉安主编,赵经祥等译,勘查地球物理电磁法[M].北京:地质出版社,1992,50～55． Nabighian M N,Zhao J X,et al.translation,Exploration Geophysics Electromagnetic[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992,50～55．
[4] Alexander A K,George V K,王建谋译,频率域和时间域电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1983,20～26． Alexander A K,George V K,Wang J M translation,Frequency Domain and Time Domain Electromagnetic Sounding[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1983,20～26．
[5] Chen C S.Mapping plate boundaries using TEM method along the longitudinal Valley[J].Taiwan,Geophysics,1998,63 (3) :868～879．
[6] 牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.1992． Niu Z L.The Theory of Time-Domain Electromagnetic Methods[M](in Chinese).Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1992．
[7] Massoud U,Abbas A M,Mesbah H S A,et al.Mapping of subsoil water level and its impacts on Hawara archeological site by transient and multi-frequency electromagnetic survey[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,53(3) :638～645．
[8] Jiang B Y,Zhang J.Mathematical model for interpretation of new parameter deduced from TEM central loop sounding[J].Geophysics and Geochemical Exploration.(in Chinese),2002,26(6) :478～482．
[9] 石显新,闫述,傅君眉,等.瞬变电磁法中心回线装置资料解释方法的改进[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7) :1931～1936． Shi X X,Yan S,Fu J M,et al.Improvement for interpretation of central loop transient electromagnetic method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,52(7) :1931～1936．
[10] 程辉,底青云,李帝铨.频率信号激励下岩石电性参数研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3) :918～925． Cheng H,Di Q Y,Li D Q.The discussion electrical properties of rocks base on frequency response characteristics[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,25 (3) :918～925．
[11] Guo W B,Xue G Q,Li X.TEM S-inversion in Tunnel prediction[A].In:SEG Houston 2009 International Exposition and Annual Meeting[C],Houston,USA:2009,859～863．
[12] Xue G Q,Song J P,Yan S.Detecting shallow caverns in China using TEM[J].Leading Edge (Tulsa,OK),2004,23 (7) :694～695．
[13] 肖庭延,于慎根,王彦飞.反问题的数值解法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,1～35,143～153． Xiao T Y,Yu S G,Wang Y F.Numerical Solution of Reverse Problem[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2003,1～35,143～153．
[14] 熊彬,罗延钟.电导率分块均匀的瞬变电2． 5维有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :590～597． Xiong B,Luo Y Z.Finite element modeling of 2． 5-D TEM with block homogeneous conductivity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,49(2) :590～597．
[15] 王华军,罗延钟.中心回线瞬变电磁法2． 5维有限单元算法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :855～862． Wang H J,Luo Y Z.Algorithm of a Dimensional Finite Element Method for Transient Electromagnetic whit a Central Loop[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2003,46(6) :855～862．
[16] 朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990． Piao H R.Principle of Electromagnetic Sounding Method[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990．
[17] 李貅,薛国强,宋建平,等.从瞬变电磁场到波场的优化算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5) :1185～1190． Li X,Xue G Q,Song J P,et al.An optimize method for transient electromagnetic field2wave field conversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,48 (5) :1185～1190．
[18] 陈本池,李金铭,周凤桐.瞬变电磁场拟波动方程偏移成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(5) :546～554． Chen B C,Li J M,Zhou F T.Quasi Wave Equation Migration of Transient Electromagnetic Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1999,34 (5) :546～554．
[19] 于鹏,王家林,吴健生.大地电磁场成像方法综述与新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1) :53～58． Yu P,Wang J L,Wu J S.Summary and advances of magnetotelluric data imaging techniques[J].Progress of Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(1) :53～58．
[20] 吕国印.瞬变电磁法二维逆时电磁偏移[J].物探与化探,1998,22(2) :139～142． Lü G Y.Two dimensional reverse time electromagnetic migration for transient electromagnetic method.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),1998,22 (2) :139～142．
[21] 符力耘,Born序列频散方程和Born-Kirchhoff传播算子[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2) :370～384． Fu L Y.Born-series dispersion equations and Born-Kirchhoff propagators[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,53(2) :370～384．
[22] 刘国锋,刘洪,王秀闽,孟小红.Kirchhoff积分时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :131～136． Liu G F,Liu H,Wang X M,Meng X H.Two kinds of traveling time computation and parallel computing methods of Kirchhoff migration.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(1) :131～136．
[23] 薛国强,李貅,宋建平,等.回线源瞬变电磁成像的理论分析及数值计算[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :338～343． Xue G Q,Li X,Song J P,et al.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation of loop-source transient electromagnetic imaging.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :338～343．
[24] Zhdannov M S,Traynin P N.Resistivity imaging by time domain electromagnetic migration[J].Exploration Geophysics,1995,26:186～194．
[25] S H沃德著.地球物理用电磁理论[M].北京:地质出版社,1978,14～18． Ward S H.Electromagnetic Theory on Geophysics[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1978,14～18．
[26] 许炳如,纪英楠.电磁场原理与计算[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社.1993,3～6． Xu B R,Ji Y N.Electromagnetic Theory and Calculation[M](in Chinese).Xi'an:Northwestern Ploytechnical University Press,1993,3～6．
[27] 李蓉,胡天跃.时移地震资料处理中的互均衡技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4) :424～427． Li R,Hu T Y.The mutual balance technology on Timeimmigrate seismic data treatment[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,39(4) :424～427．
[28] 金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,6,20(2) :294～297． Jin L,Chen X H,Liu Q C.New method for time-lapse seismic matching based on SVD[J].Progress of Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,6,20(2) :294～297．
[29] 华军,蒋延生,汪文秉.瞬变电磁测深波场变换中波形展宽原 因探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(3) :52～55． Hua J,Jiang Y S,Wang W B.Discussion of the reason of wave broadening on TEM wave field transform[J].Coal Geology ＆ Exploration(in Chinese),2003,31(3) :52～55．
[30] 何樵登主编.地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1985,13～15,142～151,174～176． He Q D.Seismic Exploration Principle and method[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1985,13～15,142～151,174～176．
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