汶川8.0级地震小鱼洞地表破裂带古地震事件的光释光测年
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摘要
小鱼洞地震地表破裂带罗元村探槽剖面揭示了汶川8.0级大地震之前的1次同等规模的古地震事件。文中对采自小鱼洞破裂带罗元村古地震探槽的7个冲洪积物样品进行了细颗粒石英简单多片再生法和单测片再生法光释光测年研究。LED08-212样品SAR法预热坪实验表明预热温度坪区间为180～240℃,在此温度下热转移量小于等效剂量的1%,不影响测量结果。循环比、回授、剂量恢复试验也表明采用200℃预热温度、10s预热时间和SMAR法流程进行等效剂量测量是合适的,能有效地校正测量过程中的释光信号感量变化。样品LED08-113,LED08-212细颗粒石英SAR法等效剂量值与SMAR法结果的一致性,表明2种方法均适用于本批样品。整个剖面上下盘各形成1个很好的时间序列,结合该地区的历史地震记录,推测小鱼洞断层上次大地震发生的时间应该为距今1.7～2.2ka,其全新世垂直滑动速率至少为(1.0±0.08)mm/a。
In historical records,no earthquake of magnitude comparable with that of the Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake has ever been reported in Chengdu and Longmenshan regions.The penultimate event similar to the 12 May 2008 MS 8.0 was revealed by the surface ruptures in the vicinity of Xiaoyudong.It is important,therefore,to date accurately when the prior large earthquake happened.This paper presents 7 optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)ages from Xiaoyudong trench.We investigate the use of simplified multiple aliquot regenerative-dose(SMAR)protocol and single aliquot regenerative-dose(SAR)protocol from fine-grain quartz to date deposits associated with earthquake.The results of SMAR and SAR protocols are consistent.The behavior of quartz to different internal consistency checks of SAR protocol(preheat plateau,thermal transfer,recycling ratio,recuperation and growth curves)and of SMAR protocol(dose recovery)used for the dose estimation method was satisfactory.Various internal consistency tests of the measurement protocols indicate that the dose estimates from the fine grain quartz are accurate and the optical ages are reliable.The preliminary OSL ages indicate that the last large earthquake happened between 1.7～2.2ka and the slip rate of Xiaoyudong Fault was 1.0±0.08mm/a at least in Holocene.
In historical records,no earthquake of magnitude comparable with that of the Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake has ever been reported in Chengdu and Longmenshan regions.The penultimate event similar to the 12 May 2008 MS 8.0 was revealed by the surface ruptures in the vicinity of Xiaoyudong.It is important,therefore,to date accurately when the prior large earthquake happened.This paper presents 7 optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)ages from Xiaoyudong trench.We investigate the use of simplified multiple aliquot regenerative-dose(SMAR)protocol and single aliquot regenerative-dose(SAR)protocol from fine-grain quartz to date deposits associated with earthquake.The results of SMAR and SAR protocols are consistent.The behavior of quartz to different internal consistency checks of SAR protocol(preheat plateau,thermal transfer,recycling ratio,recuperation and growth curves)and of SMAR protocol(dose recovery)used for the dose estimation method was satisfactory.Various internal consistency tests of the measurement protocols indicate that the dose estimates from the fine grain quartz are accurate and the optical ages are reliable.The preliminary OSL ages indicate that the last large earthquake happened between 1.7～2.2ka and the slip rate of Xiaoyudong Fault was 1.0±0.08mm/a at least in Holocene.
引文
邓起东.2008.关于四川汶川8.0级地震的思考[J].地震地质,30(4):811—827.DENG Qi-dong.2008.Some thoughts on the MS8.0Wenchuan,Sichuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):811—827(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析[J].地震地质,30(3):630—643.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2008.Primary analyses of in-situ recurrence of large earthquakealong seismogenic fault of the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):630—643(inChinese).
王同利,陈杰,杨传成,等.2005.Daybreak厚源α-计数仪的标定计测量影响因素的初步研究[J].地震地质,27(4):633—644.WANG Tong-li,CHEN Jie,YANG Chuan-cheng,et al.2005.Calibration of Daybreak thick source alpha counter andpreliminary study of influencing factors[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):633—644(in Chinese).
王旭龙,卢演俦,李晓妮.2005.细颗粒石英光释光测年:简单多片再生法[J].地震地质,27(4):615—623.WANG Xu-long,LU Yan-chou,LI Xiao-ni.2005.Luminescence dating of fine-grained quartz in Chinese loess:SimplifiedMultiple Aliquot Regenerative-dose(MAR)protocol[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):615—623(in Chinese).
闻学泽,张培震,杜方,等.2009.2008年汶川8.0地震发生的历史与现今活动背景[J].地球物理学报,52(2):444—454.WEN Xue-ze,ZHANG Pei-zhen,DU Fang,et al.2009.The background of historical and modern seismic activities of the occurrence of the2008MS8.0Wenchuan,Sichuan,earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):444—454(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻泽学,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
张克旗,陈杰,刘进峰,等.2007.海原断裂带刺儿沟剖面烘烤次生黄土的光释光测年及地质意义[J].地震地质,29(2):390—401.ZHANG Ke-qi,CHEN Jie,LIU Jin-feng,et al.2007.OSL dating of two burnt reworked loess samples from Ciergou profile,Haiyuan Fault zone:Results and geological implications[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):393—404(inChinese).
Aitken M J.1985.Thermoluminescence Dating[M].Academic Press,London.
Aitken M J,Bowman S G E.1977.Thermoluminescent dating:Assessment of alpha particle contribution[J].Archaeometry,17:132—138.
Aitken M J.1998.An Introduction to Optical Dating[M].Oxford University Press,Oxford.39—50.
Chen Y G,Chen Y W,Chen W S,et al.2006.Preliminary results of long-term slip rates of1999earthquake fault by luminescence and radiocarbon dating[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,22:1213—1221.
Duller G A T.2003.Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements[J].RadiationMeasurements,37:161—165.
Fattahi M,Richar T,Walker,et al.2006.Holocene slip-rate on the Sabzevar thrust fault,NE Iran,determined using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,245:673—684.
Fattahi M,Walker R T,Khatib M M,et al.2007.Slip-rate estimate and past earthquakes on the Doruneh Fault,easternIran[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2:284—289.
Fattahi M.2009.Dating past earthquakes and related sediments by thermoluminescence methods:A review[J].Quaternary International,199:104—146.
Liu J F,Chen J,Yin J H,et al.2010.OSL and AMS14C dating of the penultimate earthquake at the Leigu trench alongthe Beichuan Fault,Longmenshan,in the northeast margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,100(5B):2681—2688
Lu Y C,Wang X L,Wintle A G.2007.A new OSL chronology for dust accumulation in the last130,000yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Research,67:152—160.
Lu Y C,Prescott,J R,Zhao H.2002.Optical dating of colluvial deposits from Xiyangfang,China and the relation to paleoearthquake events[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,21:1083—1097.
Madsen A T,Murry A S,Andersen T J,et al.2007.Optical dating of young tidal sediments in the Danish Wadden Sea[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2:89—94.
Murry A S,Wintle A G.2000.Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol[J].Radiation Measurements,32:57—73.
Murry A S,Wintle A G.2003.The single aliquot regenerative dose protocol:Potential for improvements in reliability[J].Radiation Measurements,37:377—381.
Porat N,Amit R,Zilberman E,et al.1997.Luminescence dating of fault-related alluvial fan sediments in the SouthernArava Valley,Israel[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,16:397—402.
Rittenour T M.2008.Luminescence dating of fluvial deposits:Applications to geomorphic,palaeoseismic and archaeological research[J].Boreas,37:613—635.
Rees-Jones J.1995.Optical dating of young sediments using fine-grain quartz[J].Ancient TL,13:9—14.
Steven L F,James P,Smith R P,et al.1999.Assessing the accuracy of thermoluminescence for dating baked sediments beneath late Quaternary lava flows,Snake River Plain,Idaho[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,99(B8):15569—15576.
Thomas P J,Reddy D V,Devender Kumar,et al.2007.Optical dating of liquefaction features to constrain prehistoricearthquakes in Upper Assam,NE India:Some preliminary results[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2:278—283.
Wintle A G,Murray A S.2006.A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevancein single aliquot regeneration dating protocols[J].Radiation Measurements,41:369—391.
Wintle A G,Li S H,Botha G A.1993.Luminescence dating of colluvial deposition from Natal,South Africa[J].SuidAfrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Wetenskap,89:77—82.
Zhou L P,Shackleton N J.2001.Photon-stimulation luminescence of quartz from loess and effects of sensitivity changeon palaeodose determination[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,20:853—857.
冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析[J].地震地质,30(3):630—643.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2008.Primary analyses of in-situ recurrence of large earthquakealong seismogenic fault of the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):630—643(inChinese).
王同利,陈杰,杨传成,等.2005.Daybreak厚源α-计数仪的标定计测量影响因素的初步研究[J].地震地质,27(4):633—644.WANG Tong-li,CHEN Jie,YANG Chuan-cheng,et al.2005.Calibration of Daybreak thick source alpha counter andpreliminary study of influencing factors[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):633—644(in Chinese).
王旭龙,卢演俦,李晓妮.2005.细颗粒石英光释光测年:简单多片再生法[J].地震地质,27(4):615—623.WANG Xu-long,LU Yan-chou,LI Xiao-ni.2005.Luminescence dating of fine-grained quartz in Chinese loess:SimplifiedMultiple Aliquot Regenerative-dose(MAR)protocol[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):615—623(in Chinese).
闻学泽,张培震,杜方,等.2009.2008年汶川8.0地震发生的历史与现今活动背景[J].地球物理学报,52(2):444—454.WEN Xue-ze,ZHANG Pei-zhen,DU Fang,et al.2009.The background of historical and modern seismic activities of the occurrence of the2008MS8.0Wenchuan,Sichuan,earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):444—454(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻泽学,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
张克旗,陈杰,刘进峰,等.2007.海原断裂带刺儿沟剖面烘烤次生黄土的光释光测年及地质意义[J].地震地质,29(2):390—401.ZHANG Ke-qi,CHEN Jie,LIU Jin-feng,et al.2007.OSL dating of two burnt reworked loess samples from Ciergou profile,Haiyuan Fault zone:Results and geological implications[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):393—404(inChinese).
Aitken M J.1985.Thermoluminescence Dating[M].Academic Press,London.
Aitken M J,Bowman S G E.1977.Thermoluminescent dating:Assessment of alpha particle contribution[J].Archaeometry,17:132—138.
Aitken M J.1998.An Introduction to Optical Dating[M].Oxford University Press,Oxford.39—50.
Chen Y G,Chen Y W,Chen W S,et al.2006.Preliminary results of long-term slip rates of1999earthquake fault by luminescence and radiocarbon dating[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,22:1213—1221.
Duller G A T.2003.Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements[J].RadiationMeasurements,37:161—165.
Fattahi M,Richar T,Walker,et al.2006.Holocene slip-rate on the Sabzevar thrust fault,NE Iran,determined using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,245:673—684.
Fattahi M,Walker R T,Khatib M M,et al.2007.Slip-rate estimate and past earthquakes on the Doruneh Fault,easternIran[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2:284—289.
Fattahi M.2009.Dating past earthquakes and related sediments by thermoluminescence methods:A review[J].Quaternary International,199:104—146.
Liu J F,Chen J,Yin J H,et al.2010.OSL and AMS14C dating of the penultimate earthquake at the Leigu trench alongthe Beichuan Fault,Longmenshan,in the northeast margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,100(5B):2681—2688
Lu Y C,Wang X L,Wintle A G.2007.A new OSL chronology for dust accumulation in the last130,000yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Research,67:152—160.
Lu Y C,Prescott,J R,Zhao H.2002.Optical dating of colluvial deposits from Xiyangfang,China and the relation to paleoearthquake events[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,21:1083—1097.
Madsen A T,Murry A S,Andersen T J,et al.2007.Optical dating of young tidal sediments in the Danish Wadden Sea[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2:89—94.
Murry A S,Wintle A G.2000.Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol[J].Radiation Measurements,32:57—73.
Murry A S,Wintle A G.2003.The single aliquot regenerative dose protocol:Potential for improvements in reliability[J].Radiation Measurements,37:377—381.
Porat N,Amit R,Zilberman E,et al.1997.Luminescence dating of fault-related alluvial fan sediments in the SouthernArava Valley,Israel[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,16:397—402.
Rittenour T M.2008.Luminescence dating of fluvial deposits:Applications to geomorphic,palaeoseismic and archaeological research[J].Boreas,37:613—635.
Rees-Jones J.1995.Optical dating of young sediments using fine-grain quartz[J].Ancient TL,13:9—14.
Steven L F,James P,Smith R P,et al.1999.Assessing the accuracy of thermoluminescence for dating baked sediments beneath late Quaternary lava flows,Snake River Plain,Idaho[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,99(B8):15569—15576.
Thomas P J,Reddy D V,Devender Kumar,et al.2007.Optical dating of liquefaction features to constrain prehistoricearthquakes in Upper Assam,NE India:Some preliminary results[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2:278—283.
Wintle A G,Murray A S.2006.A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevancein single aliquot regeneration dating protocols[J].Radiation Measurements,41:369—391.
Wintle A G,Li S H,Botha G A.1993.Luminescence dating of colluvial deposition from Natal,South Africa[J].SuidAfrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Wetenskap,89:77—82.
Zhou L P,Shackleton N J.2001.Photon-stimulation luminescence of quartz from loess and effects of sensitivity changeon palaeodose determination[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,20:853—857.
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