微地震信号的变速FK滤波-自适应极化滤波方法
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摘要
针对微地震信号的特点,研究了变速FK滤波-自适应极化滤波方法.在设计FK滤波因子时,通过计算相邻道滑动时窗内信号的互相关系数,确定时窗内信号的视速度范围,实现变速FK滤波;对时窗内的信号进行二维FFT变换时,分别在时窗的纵横向上补零充位,消除信号在二维变换时造成的时空域的混跌和泄漏;在设计自适应极化滤波因子时,针对复杂波场中波的偏振方向的不确定性问题,本文通过计算相部道信号偏振投影的最大互相关系数,确定波的跟踪分量;把波的跟踪分量作为极化滤波因子里的期望方向,改进常规滤波因子,实现自适应极化滤波.对理论模型和实际资料的处理结果表明,该方法理论正确,实际资料的处理效果也得到了明显的改善.
In view of the characteristic micro-seismic signal, this article has designed the method of variable velocity FK filtering-the auto-adapted polarization filtering. When we design the FK filter factor, we determine the signal speed range in each aperture through computation of the signal mutual correlation coefficient at glide aperture in the adjacent channel. In order to remove the alias and divulging which is created by the two-dimensional fft transformation when we make the two-dimensional fft transformation to the window, we make the zero sufficient position in vertical and horizontal direction in the time window. In view of question which complex wave field wave expectation direction is indefinite when we design the auto-adapted polarization filtering factor, we compute adjacent channel polarization projection mutual correlation coefficient to confirm wave track component and then choose expectation direction in the convention polarization filtering factor for the track component direction. And then we realize the auto-adapted polarization filtering. The effect has the distinct improvement when this method is used to process the theoretical model and actual material.
In view of the characteristic micro-seismic signal, this article has designed the method of variable velocity FK filtering-the auto-adapted polarization filtering. When we design the FK filter factor, we determine the signal speed range in each aperture through computation of the signal mutual correlation coefficient at glide aperture in the adjacent channel. In order to remove the alias and divulging which is created by the two-dimensional fft transformation when we make the two-dimensional fft transformation to the window, we make the zero sufficient position in vertical and horizontal direction in the time window. In view of question which complex wave field wave expectation direction is indefinite when we design the auto-adapted polarization filtering factor, we compute adjacent channel polarization projection mutual correlation coefficient to confirm wave track component and then choose expectation direction in the convention polarization filtering factor for the track component direction. And then we realize the auto-adapted polarization filtering. The effect has the distinct improvement when this method is used to process the theoretical model and actual material.
引文
[1] 梁兵,朱广生.油气田勘探开发中的微震监测方法[M].石油工业出版社,2004． Liang B, Zhu G S. The micro-seismic monitoring method in the field exploratory development[M]. The Press of Petroleum Industry, 2004．
[2] 张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2) :226-231． Zhang S, Liu Q L, Zhao Q, et al. The micro-seismic monitoring method using the oil-field to explorae [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2002, 41(2) : 226-231．
[3] 加尔彼林.地震勘探偏振法[M].何樵登,杨宝俊译,北京:石油工业出版社,1989． Galperin. The method of seismic exploration polarization[M]. He Jiao deng, Yang Bao jun translation, Beijing:The Press of Petroleum Industry, 1989．
[4] 赵鸿儒,孙进忠,唐文榜,等.全波震相分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1991． Zhao H R, Sun J Z, et al. The analyze of Full wave seismic phase[M]. Beijing:The Press of Seismic, 1991．
[5] 唐建侯,等.P-SV快慢横波旋转分离公式研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12) :44-47． Tang J H, et al. The speed S-wave rotation separation formula study[J]. Natural Gas Industry; 2004, 24(2) :44-47．
[6] 吴律.层析基础及其在井间地震中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997． 237-269． Wu L. The chromatograph base and its application in the borehole to borehole seismic[M]. Bei jing: The Press of Oil Industry,1997,237-269．
[7] 朱光明.垂直地震剖面法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988． 64-117． Zhu G M. The method of vertical seismic profile[M]. Bei jing: The Press of Oil Industry, 1988． 64-117．
[8] 刘建华,等.三分量地震资料的偏振分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :6-10． Liu J H,et al. The polarization analyze of the three-component seismic data[J]. Process in Geophysics, 2006 ,21(1) :6-10．
[9] 徐振海,王雪松,肖顺平,等.极化自适应递推滤波算法[J].电子学报,2002,30(4) :608-610． Xu Z H, Wang X S, Xiao S P, et al. The recursion algorithm of polarization auto-adapted[J]. Eectron Journal, 2003, 30(4) :608-610．
[10] 王雪松,汪连栋,肖顺平,等.自适应极化滤波器的理论性能分析[J].电子学报,2004,32(8) :1326-1329． Wang X S, Wang L D, Xiao S P, et al. The theory property analyze of auto-adapted polarization filter [J]. Eectron journal, 2004 ,32(8) :1326-1329．
[11] 董寻虎,武延祥.改进的二维滤波技术在浅层地声探测中的应用[J].声学技术,1996,15(6) :16-17． Dong X H, Wu Y X. The application of the improved two-dimensional filtering in the shallow layer brontides survey [J]. Acoustics Technology, 1996,15(6) :16-17．
[12] 李亚安,穆林.二维滤波技术在浅地层地声信号处理中的应用[J].应用声学,1995,14(2) :38-41． Li Y A, Mu L. The application of the two-dimensional filtering in the shallow layer brontides signal processing[J]. Application Acoustics, 1995 ,14(2) :38-41．
[13] 熊登,张剑锋.表驱动的二维非规则采样快速傅里叶变换[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6) :1860-1867． Xiong D, Zhang J F. Table-Driven 2-D non-uniform sampling fast Fourier transform [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 51(6) :1860-1867．
[14] 宋维琪,孙英杰,朱卫星.微地震资料频率域相干-时间域偏振滤波方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2) :161-167． Song W Q, Sun Y J, Zhu W X. The filtering method with polarization in time domain and coherence in frequency domain of microseismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2008,43(2) :161-167．
[15] 张霖斌,何樵登,等.频率波数域预测和减去法压制多次波[J].吉林大学学报,2002,32(1) :96-99． Zhang L B, He J D, et al. Multiple suppression by wave-field predication and subtraction[J].Jilin College Journal, 2002,32 (1) :96-99．
[16] 黄中玉,高林,谢大进,等.三分量数据的偏振分析及其应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2) :9-16． Huang Z Y, Gao L, Xie D J, et al. The polarization analyze and application of the three-component data[J]. 1996,35(2) :9-16．
[17] Azikl P, Scott C H. Applications of seismic polarization analysis[J]. Geophysics, 1994 ,59(1) : 119-130．
[18] Benhama A, et al. Study and application of spatial dimentional filtering in three component recordings [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1988,36(6) :570-582．
[19] Jitendra S G, et al. Analyzing three-component 3D vertical seismic profiling data[J]. Geophysical, 2004, 69(2) :386-392．
[20] 郭桂红,石双虎,剡慧君,等.基于二维三分量伪谱法模拟数据的EDA介质中横波分裂研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :469-478． Guo G H, Shi S H,Yan H J, et al. Azimuth-dependence of shear-wave splitting in EDA media: Two-dimensional three-component pseudo-spectral modeling [J]. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008 ,51(2) :469-478．
[21] 林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.大容量气枪震源特征及地震波传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报.2008,51(1) :206-212． Lin J M, Wang B S, Ge H K, et al. Study on large volume airgun source characteristics and seismic phase analysis[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 50(1) : 206-212．
[2] 张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2) :226-231． Zhang S, Liu Q L, Zhao Q, et al. The micro-seismic monitoring method using the oil-field to explorae [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2002, 41(2) : 226-231．
[3] 加尔彼林.地震勘探偏振法[M].何樵登,杨宝俊译,北京:石油工业出版社,1989． Galperin. The method of seismic exploration polarization[M]. He Jiao deng, Yang Bao jun translation, Beijing:The Press of Petroleum Industry, 1989．
[4] 赵鸿儒,孙进忠,唐文榜,等.全波震相分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1991． Zhao H R, Sun J Z, et al. The analyze of Full wave seismic phase[M]. Beijing:The Press of Seismic, 1991．
[5] 唐建侯,等.P-SV快慢横波旋转分离公式研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12) :44-47． Tang J H, et al. The speed S-wave rotation separation formula study[J]. Natural Gas Industry; 2004, 24(2) :44-47．
[6] 吴律.层析基础及其在井间地震中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997． 237-269． Wu L. The chromatograph base and its application in the borehole to borehole seismic[M]. Bei jing: The Press of Oil Industry,1997,237-269．
[7] 朱光明.垂直地震剖面法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988． 64-117． Zhu G M. The method of vertical seismic profile[M]. Bei jing: The Press of Oil Industry, 1988． 64-117．
[8] 刘建华,等.三分量地震资料的偏振分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :6-10． Liu J H,et al. The polarization analyze of the three-component seismic data[J]. Process in Geophysics, 2006 ,21(1) :6-10．
[9] 徐振海,王雪松,肖顺平,等.极化自适应递推滤波算法[J].电子学报,2002,30(4) :608-610． Xu Z H, Wang X S, Xiao S P, et al. The recursion algorithm of polarization auto-adapted[J]. Eectron Journal, 2003, 30(4) :608-610．
[10] 王雪松,汪连栋,肖顺平,等.自适应极化滤波器的理论性能分析[J].电子学报,2004,32(8) :1326-1329． Wang X S, Wang L D, Xiao S P, et al. The theory property analyze of auto-adapted polarization filter [J]. Eectron journal, 2004 ,32(8) :1326-1329．
[11] 董寻虎,武延祥.改进的二维滤波技术在浅层地声探测中的应用[J].声学技术,1996,15(6) :16-17． Dong X H, Wu Y X. The application of the improved two-dimensional filtering in the shallow layer brontides survey [J]. Acoustics Technology, 1996,15(6) :16-17．
[12] 李亚安,穆林.二维滤波技术在浅地层地声信号处理中的应用[J].应用声学,1995,14(2) :38-41． Li Y A, Mu L. The application of the two-dimensional filtering in the shallow layer brontides signal processing[J]. Application Acoustics, 1995 ,14(2) :38-41．
[13] 熊登,张剑锋.表驱动的二维非规则采样快速傅里叶变换[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6) :1860-1867． Xiong D, Zhang J F. Table-Driven 2-D non-uniform sampling fast Fourier transform [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 51(6) :1860-1867．
[14] 宋维琪,孙英杰,朱卫星.微地震资料频率域相干-时间域偏振滤波方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2) :161-167． Song W Q, Sun Y J, Zhu W X. The filtering method with polarization in time domain and coherence in frequency domain of microseismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2008,43(2) :161-167．
[15] 张霖斌,何樵登,等.频率波数域预测和减去法压制多次波[J].吉林大学学报,2002,32(1) :96-99． Zhang L B, He J D, et al. Multiple suppression by wave-field predication and subtraction[J].Jilin College Journal, 2002,32 (1) :96-99．
[16] 黄中玉,高林,谢大进,等.三分量数据的偏振分析及其应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2) :9-16． Huang Z Y, Gao L, Xie D J, et al. The polarization analyze and application of the three-component data[J]. 1996,35(2) :9-16．
[17] Azikl P, Scott C H. Applications of seismic polarization analysis[J]. Geophysics, 1994 ,59(1) : 119-130．
[18] Benhama A, et al. Study and application of spatial dimentional filtering in three component recordings [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1988,36(6) :570-582．
[19] Jitendra S G, et al. Analyzing three-component 3D vertical seismic profiling data[J]. Geophysical, 2004, 69(2) :386-392．
[20] 郭桂红,石双虎,剡慧君,等.基于二维三分量伪谱法模拟数据的EDA介质中横波分裂研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :469-478． Guo G H, Shi S H,Yan H J, et al. Azimuth-dependence of shear-wave splitting in EDA media: Two-dimensional three-component pseudo-spectral modeling [J]. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008 ,51(2) :469-478．
[21] 林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.大容量气枪震源特征及地震波传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报.2008,51(1) :206-212． Lin J M, Wang B S, Ge H K, et al. Study on large volume airgun source characteristics and seismic phase analysis[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 50(1) : 206-212．
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