横过青藏高原羌塘地体中央隆起区的深反射地震试验剖面
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摘要
跨越中央隆起区的深反射地震探测试验剖面,初步揭露出青藏高原羌塘地体中央隆起区的地壳结构.探测剖面表明,羌塘地体可能具有古老的结晶基底;中央隆起区上地壳变形主要以逆冲、褶皱为主,下地壳出现北倾与南倾"对冲"的反射,揭示出印度和欧亚两大板块前缘汇聚的深部过程.
A test of deep seismic reflection profiling across the central uplift or metamorphic belt of the Qiangtang terrane,Tibet Plateau,provides a first image of the crustal structure.There may be old crystalline basements in the Qiangtang terrane;Complex reflection patterns in the upper crust are interpreted as a series of folds and thrusts,and bivergent reflections in the lower crust may represent a convergence between the Indian and the Eurasian plates.
A test of deep seismic reflection profiling across the central uplift or metamorphic belt of the Qiangtang terrane,Tibet Plateau,provides a first image of the crustal structure.There may be old crystalline basements in the Qiangtang terrane;Complex reflection patterns in the upper crust are interpreted as a series of folds and thrusts,and bivergent reflections in the lower crust may represent a convergence between the Indian and the Eurasian plates.
引文
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[29] Zhao W J,Nelson K D,Meissner R.Advances of INDEPTH-A deep profiling study in Tibet and the Himalayas.Episodes,1997,20(4) :266～272
[30] Gao R,Huang D D,Lu D Y,et al.Deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim basin and the West Kunlun mountains.Chinese Sci.Bull,2000,45:2281～2286
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[33] 高锐,马永生,李秋生等.松潘地块与西秦岭造山带下地壳的性质与关系-深地震反射剖面的揭露.地质通报,2006,25(12) :1361～1367Gao R,Ma Y S,Li Q S,et al.Structure of the lower crust beneath the Songpan block and West Qinling orogen and their relation as revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling.Geological Bulletin of China (in Chinese),2006,25 (12) :1361～1367
[34] Ross A,Brown L,Passakorn P,et al.Deep reflection surveying in central Tibet:lower-crustal layering and crustal flow.Geophysical Journal International,2004,156:115～128
[35] 王海燕,高锐,马永生等.若尔盖与西秦岭地震反射岩石圈结构和盆山耦合.地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :472～481Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S,et al.Basin-range coupling and lithosphere structure between the Zoig and the west Qinling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2) :472～481
[36] Gao R,Lu Z W,Li Q S,et al.Geophysical survey and geodynamic study of crust and upper mantle in the Qinghai Tibet Plate.au.Episodes,2005,28(4) :263～273
[37] 卢占武,高锐,薛爱民等.羌塘盆地石油地震反射新剖面及基底构造浅析.中国地质,2006,33(2) :286～289Lu Z W,Gao R,Xue A M,et al.New seismic reflection profiles and basement structure in Qiangtang basin,Northern Tibet.Geologyin China (in Chinese),2006,33(2) :286～289
[38] Zhao W J,Mechie J,Brown L D,et al.Crustal structure of central Tibet as derived from INDEPTH wide-angle seismic data.Geophysical Journal International,2001,145:486～498
[39] Tilmann F,Ni J,INDEPTH-Ⅲ Seismic Team.Seismic imaging of the down-welling Indian lithosphere beneath central Tibet.Science,2003,300:1424～1427
[40] Haines S S,Klemperer S L,Brown L,et al.INDEPTH Ⅲ seismic data:from surface observations to deep crustal processes in Tibet.Tectonics,2003,22 (1) :1001,doi:10． 1029/2001TC001305
[41] Kind R,Yuan X,Saul J,et al.Seismic images of crust and upper mantle beneath Tibet:evidence for Eurasian plate subduction.Science,2002,298:1219～1221
[42] Shi D N,Zhao W J,Brown L,et al.Detection of southward intracontinental subduction of Tibetan lithosphere along the Bangong-Nujiang suture by P-to-S converted waves.Geology,2004,32(3) :209～212
[2] Gao R,Lu Z W,Li Q S,et al.Geophysical survey and geodynamic study of crust and upper mantle in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Episodes,2005,28(4) :263～273
[3] Klemperer S L.Crustal flow in Tibet:geophysical evidence for the physical state of Tibetan lithosphere,and inferred patterns of active flow.In:Law R D,Searle M P,Godin L eds.Channel Flow,Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones.Geological Society,London:Special Publications,2006,268:39～70
[4] Owens T J,Zandt G.Implications of crustal property variations for models of Tibetan plateau evolution.Nature,1997,387:37～43
[5] Kosarev G,Kind R,Sobolev S V,et al.Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet.Science,1999,283:1306～1309
[6] Kumar P,Yuan X,Kind R,et al.Imaging the colliding Indian and Asia lithospheric plates beneath Tibet.Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,B06308． DOI:10． 1029/2005JB003930
[7] 郑洪伟,李廷栋,高锐等.印度板块岩石圈地幔向北俯冲到羌塘地体之下的远震P波层析成像证据.地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1418～1426Zheng H W,Li T D,Gao R,et al.Teleseismic P-wave tomography evidence for the Indian lithospheric mantle subducting northward beneath the Qiangtang terrane.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1418～1426
[8] Bendick R,Flesch L.Reconciling lithospheric deformation and lower crustal flow beneath central Tibet.Geology,2007,35:895～898,doi:10． 1130/G23714A.1
[9] Klemperer S L.Reconciling lithospheric deformation and lower crustal flow beneath central Tibet:Comment.Geology,2008,36,doi:10． 1130/ G25097C.1
[10] 李才,董永胜,翟庆国等.青藏高原羌塘高压变质带的特征及其构造意义.地质通报,2008,27(1) :27～35Li C,Dong Y S,Zhai Q G,et al.High-pressure metamorphic belt in Qiangtang,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and its tectonic significance.Geological Bulletin of China (in Chinese),2008,27(1) :27～35
[11] 赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞等.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质.北京:科学出版社,2000． 19～34Zhao Z Z,Li Y T,Ye H F,et al.Petroleum Geology in Qiangtang Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2000． 19～34
[12] 赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞等.青藏高原大地构造特征及盆地演化.北京:科学出版社,2000Zhao Z Z,Li Y T,Ye H F,et al.Structure Feature and Evolution of the Tibet Plateau (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2000
[13] 王成善,伊海生,李 勇等.西藏羌塘盆地地质演化与油气远景评价.北京:地质出版社,2001． 183～186Wang C S,Yi H S,Li Y,et al.The Geological Evolution and Prospective Oil and Gas Assessment of the Qiangtang Basin in Northern Tibetan Plateau (in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2001． 183～186
[14] 王剑,谭富文,李亚林等.青藏高原重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析.北京:地质出版社,2004． 32～61Wang J,Tan F W,Li Y L,et al.Potential Petroleum Resources Analysis of Key Basins in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004． 32～61
[15] 李才,程立人,胡 克等.西藏龙木错-双湖古特提斯缝合带研究.北京:地质出版社,1995． 28～45Li C,Cheng L R,Hu K,et al.Study on the Paleo-Tethys suture zone of Lungmu Co-Shuanghu (in Chinese),Tibet.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995． 28～45
[16] Kapp P,Yin A,Manning C E,et al.Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet.Geology,2000,28:19～22
[17] Kapp P,Yin A,Manning C E,et al.Tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic blueschist-bearing Qiangtang metamorphic belt,central Tibet.Tectonics,2003,22(4) :1043,doi:10． 1029/2002TC001383
[18] Barazangi M,Brown L.Reflection seismology:A global perspective.Am.Geophys.Union,Geodyn,1986,13:311
[19] Matthews D H,Smith C.Deep seismic reflection profiling of the continental lithosphere.Geophys.J.R.Astron.Soc.,1987,89:447
[20] Leven J H,Finlayson D M,Wright C,et al.Seismic probing of continents and their margins.Tectonophysics,1990,173: 641
[21] Matthews D H,The BIRPS Group.Progress in BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiling around the British Isles.Tectonophysics,1990,(173) :387～396
[22] Brown L D.A new map of crustal “Terranes” in the United States from COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling.Geophy.J.Int.1991,105:3～13
[23] Onno Oncken.Orogenic mass transfer and reflection seismic patterns evidence from DEKORP sections across the European Variscides (central Germany).Tectonophysics,1998,286:47～61
[24] Tryggvason A,Brown D,Pérez-Estaún A.Crustal architecture of the southern Uralides from true amplitude processing of the Urals Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies (URSEIS) vibroseis profile.Tectonics,2001,20 (6) :1040～1052
[25] Ji S C,Long C X.Seismic reflection response of folded structures and implications for the interpretation of deep seismic reflection profiles.Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28:1380～1387
[26] Hiroshi S,Kiyoshi I,Susumu A,et al.Deep seismic reflection profiling across active reverse faults in the Kinki Triangle,central Japan.Tectonophysics,2008,doi:10． 1016/j.tecto.2008． 06． 014
[27] Nelson K D,Zhao W J,Brown L D,et al.Partially molten middle crust beneath Southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH results.Science,1996,274:1684～1688
[28] Brown L D,Zhao W J,Nelson K D,et al.Bright spots,structure and magmatism in southern Tibet from INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling.Science,1996,274:1688～1690
[29] Zhao W J,Nelson K D,Meissner R.Advances of INDEPTH-A deep profiling study in Tibet and the Himalayas.Episodes,1997,20(4) :266～272
[30] Gao R,Huang D D,Lu D Y,et al.Deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim basin and the West Kunlun mountains.Chinese Sci.Bull,2000,45:2281～2286
[31] Gao R,Li P W,Li Q Set al.Deep process of the collision and deformation on the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau:Revelation from investigation of the deep seismic profiles.Science in China (Series D),2001,44:71～78
[32] 高锐,王海燕,马永生等.松潘地块若尔盖盆地与西秦岭造山带岩石圈尺度的构造关系--深地震反射剖面探测成果.地球学报,2006,27(5) :411～418Gao R,Wang H Y,Ma Y S,et al.Tectonic relationships between the Zoig basin of the Song-Pan block and the West Qinling orogen at lithosphere scale:results of deep seismic reflection profiling.Acta Geoscientica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,27(5) :411～418
[33] 高锐,马永生,李秋生等.松潘地块与西秦岭造山带下地壳的性质与关系-深地震反射剖面的揭露.地质通报,2006,25(12) :1361～1367Gao R,Ma Y S,Li Q S,et al.Structure of the lower crust beneath the Songpan block and West Qinling orogen and their relation as revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling.Geological Bulletin of China (in Chinese),2006,25 (12) :1361～1367
[34] Ross A,Brown L,Passakorn P,et al.Deep reflection surveying in central Tibet:lower-crustal layering and crustal flow.Geophysical Journal International,2004,156:115～128
[35] 王海燕,高锐,马永生等.若尔盖与西秦岭地震反射岩石圈结构和盆山耦合.地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :472～481Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S,et al.Basin-range coupling and lithosphere structure between the Zoig and the west Qinling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2) :472～481
[36] Gao R,Lu Z W,Li Q S,et al.Geophysical survey and geodynamic study of crust and upper mantle in the Qinghai Tibet Plate.au.Episodes,2005,28(4) :263～273
[37] 卢占武,高锐,薛爱民等.羌塘盆地石油地震反射新剖面及基底构造浅析.中国地质,2006,33(2) :286～289Lu Z W,Gao R,Xue A M,et al.New seismic reflection profiles and basement structure in Qiangtang basin,Northern Tibet.Geologyin China (in Chinese),2006,33(2) :286～289
[38] Zhao W J,Mechie J,Brown L D,et al.Crustal structure of central Tibet as derived from INDEPTH wide-angle seismic data.Geophysical Journal International,2001,145:486～498
[39] Tilmann F,Ni J,INDEPTH-Ⅲ Seismic Team.Seismic imaging of the down-welling Indian lithosphere beneath central Tibet.Science,2003,300:1424～1427
[40] Haines S S,Klemperer S L,Brown L,et al.INDEPTH Ⅲ seismic data:from surface observations to deep crustal processes in Tibet.Tectonics,2003,22 (1) :1001,doi:10． 1029/2001TC001305
[41] Kind R,Yuan X,Saul J,et al.Seismic images of crust and upper mantle beneath Tibet:evidence for Eurasian plate subduction.Science,2002,298:1219～1221
[42] Shi D N,Zhao W J,Brown L,et al.Detection of southward intracontinental subduction of Tibetan lithosphere along the Bangong-Nujiang suture by P-to-S converted waves.Geology,2004,32(3) :209～212
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