山西盆地现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析
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摘要
在山西盆地南北两端4个地区共计13个深钻孔中进行了水压致裂地应力测量,获得了现今地应力的大小、方向和分布规律。在盆地北端五台山、雁门关地区400~600m深度内,实测最大水平主应力值为8~12MPa。而南端临汾、运城地区则具有较高的构造应力,在400~500m深度内实测最大水平主应力值为20~28MPa。地应力"南高北低"比较明显。运用这些实测的地应力资料,根据库仑摩擦滑动准则,对研究区内断裂的稳定性进行了力学分析。分析结果表明,总体来看,目前五台山、雁门关和临汾地区的水平主应力都未达到断层活动的临界值;运城地区已接近断层活动临界值的下限,若计入孔隙压力的影响因素,运城地区最大水平主应力已达到逆断层活动的临界值。从地应力的角度分析认为该区发生地震的潜在危险性较大,这一现象值得关注和研究。
Hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements were carried out in 13 boreholes in the southern and northern parts of Shangxi Basin,and the magnitude and direction as well as the distribution regularity of the stress values were obtained.In Wutaishan and Yanmenguan areas within the northern part of Shanxi basin,the magnitude of the measured maximum horizontal principal stress is 8~12 MPa in the depth range of 400~600 m.In Linfen and Yuncheng areas within the southern part of Shanxi basin,the tectonic stress is much higher,with the measured maximum horizontal principal stress being 20~28 MPa in the depth range of 400~500 m.Obviously,the magnitude of the stress in the southern part is much higher than that in the northern part.According to Coulomb faulting cri-terion and by using the above in-situ stress data,the authors studied the characteristics and activities of the faults in the study area.The results show that in Wutai,Yanmenguan and Linfen,the stress values have not reached the critical value,whereas in Yuncheng area,the values have reached the lower limit of the fault activity;moreover,if the pore pressure is taken into account,the maximum horizontal principal stress has reached the critical value for reverse fault activity,and the strain accumulation is even much higher.It is suggested that much more attention should be paid to this area.
Hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements were carried out in 13 boreholes in the southern and northern parts of Shangxi Basin,and the magnitude and direction as well as the distribution regularity of the stress values were obtained.In Wutaishan and Yanmenguan areas within the northern part of Shanxi basin,the magnitude of the measured maximum horizontal principal stress is 8~12 MPa in the depth range of 400~600 m.In Linfen and Yuncheng areas within the southern part of Shanxi basin,the tectonic stress is much higher,with the measured maximum horizontal principal stress being 20~28 MPa in the depth range of 400~500 m.Obviously,the magnitude of the stress in the southern part is much higher than that in the northern part.According to Coulomb faulting cri-terion and by using the above in-situ stress data,the authors studied the characteristics and activities of the faults in the study area.The results show that in Wutai,Yanmenguan and Linfen,the stress values have not reached the critical value,whereas in Yuncheng area,the values have reached the lower limit of the fault activity;moreover,if the pore pressure is taken into account,the maximum horizontal principal stress has reached the critical value for reverse fault activity,and the strain accumulation is even much higher.It is suggested that much more attention should be paid to this area.
引文
安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,赵仕广.2004.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,24(2):115-119.
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崔作舟,尹周勋,高恩元,卢德源,傅维洲.1990.青藏高原地壳结构构造及其与地震的关系[J].地球学报,11(2):224-225.
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李学新.1988.山西多字形盆地的成因及其地震危险性探讨[C]//国家地震局地壳应力研究所.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2):189-198.
刘明清,祝治平,方盛明,刘明军,张建狮,虎喜凤,杨清,刘敏,啜永清,景呈国.1999.山西中南部地区地壳深部地球物理场异常与地震[J].地震学报,21(3):305-312.
吴满路,廖椿庭,袁嘉音.2002.荒沟蓄能电站地下厂房地应力状态与工程稳定性研究[J].地球学报,23(3):263-268.
吴满路,张春山,廖椿庭,马寅生,区明益.2005.青藏高原腹地现今地应力测量与应力状态研究[J].地球物理学报,48(2):327-332.
谢富仁,崔效峰,赵建涛,陈群策,李宏.2004.中国大陆邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,47(4):654-663.
张伯崇.1996.孔隙压力、断层滑动准则和水库蓄水的影响[C]//苏恺之,李方全,张伯崇,王建军,尹建民,周维垣,刘瑞民.长江三峡坝区地壳应力与孔隙水压力综合研究.北京:地震出版社.166-198.
张景寿.1994.深圳地应力状态及其稳定性评价[J].地球学报,15(1):17-26.
AN Qi-mei,DING Li-feng,WANG Hai-zhong,ZHAO Shi-guang.2004.Research of property and activity of Longmen Mountain fault zone[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics,24(2):115-119(in Chinese with English abstract).
AN Qi-mei,SUN Dong-sheng.2009.Report on the study of in situ stress measurements for Xiezhou-Monan high way tunnel in Shanxi Province[R].Beijing:Institute of Geomechanics,CAGS(in Chinese).
BYERLEE J D1978.Friction of rock[J].Pure and Applied Geo-physics,116(415):615-626.
CUI Zuo-zhou,YIN Zhou-xun,GAO En-yuan,LU De-yuan,FU Wei-zhou.1990.The structure and tectonics of the crust and their relation with earthquakes in the Qinghai-Xizhang pla-teau[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,11(2):224-225(in Chinese).
LI Fang-quan.1994.Fault activity and in situ stress state[C].//Seismogeology committee of China seismology so-ciety,Study on China active faults.Beijing:Seismic press,15-21(in Chinese).
LI Fang-quan,SUN Shi-zong,LI Li-qiu.1982.In-situ stress meas-urements in North China and Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,1(1):73-86(in Chinese).
LI Xue-xin.1988.Disscuss on the genesis of Shanxi Duozi-type basains and its seismic hazards[C].//Institute of crustal dy-namics,SSB,Crustal structure and stress(2).189-198(in Chi-nese).
LIU Ming-qing,ZHU Zhi-ping,FANG Sheng-ming,LIU Ming-jun.1999.Earthquake and geophysical field abnormal at deep crust in the middle and south parts of Shanxi[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(3):305-312(in Chinese with English abstract).
State Seismological Bureau.1989.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China[M].Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House(in Chinese).
WU Man-lu,LIAO Chun-ting,YUAN Jia-yin.2002.A Study of Stress State and Engineering Stability of Underground House at the Huanggou Accumulation Power Station[J].ACTA Geo-scientica Sinica,23(3):263-268(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
WU Man-lu,ZHANG Chun-shan,LIAO Chun-ting,MA Yin-sheng,OU Ming-yi.2005.The recent state of stress in the central Qinghai—Tibet Plateau according to in-situ stress meas-ureme[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,48(2):327-332(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIE Fu-ren,CUI Xiao-feng,ZHAO Jian-tao,CHEN Qun-ce,LI Hong.2004.Rggional Division of the Recent Tectonic Stress Field in China and Adjacent Aeras[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(4):654-663(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Bo-chong.1996.Pore pressure,fault slip criterion and influence of resevoir impounding[C]//SU Kai-zhi,LI Fang-quan,ZHANG Bo-chong,WANG Jian-jun,YIN Jian-min,ZHOU Wei-yuan,LIU Rui-min.Integrated research on the stress field and pore pressure at the Three Gorges site.Beijing:Seismological Press(in Chinese).
ZHANG Jing-shou.1994.The State of the in situ Stress and the Evaluation of the Stability of area in ShenZheng[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,15(1):17-26(in Chinese).
ZOBACK M L.1992.First-and second-order patterns of stress in the lithosphere:the world stress map project[J].J.Geophys.Res.,97(B8):11703-11728.
ZOBACK M D,HEALY J H.1992.In-situ stress measurements to3.5km depth in the Cajon.Pass Scientific Research Bore-hole:implications for the mechanics of crustal faulting[J].J.G.R.,97(B4):5039-5057.
ZOBACK M D,HICKMAN S.1982.In-Situ Study of the Physical Mechanisms Controlling Induced Seismicity at Monticello Reservoir,South Caroling[J].J.Geophys.Res.87(B8),6959-6974.
安其美,孙东生.2009.山西省运城市解州—陌南高速公路隧道地应力测量分析报告[R].北京:中国地质科学院地质力学研究所.
崔作舟,尹周勋,高恩元,卢德源,傅维洲.1990.青藏高原地壳结构构造及其与地震的关系[J].地球学报,11(2):224-225.
国家地震局.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社.
李方全.1994.断层活动与原地应力状态[C].//中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断层研究.北京:地震出版社,15-21.
李方全,孙世宗,李立球.1982.华北及郯庐断裂带地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1(1):73-86.
李学新.1988.山西多字形盆地的成因及其地震危险性探讨[C]//国家地震局地壳应力研究所.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2):189-198.
刘明清,祝治平,方盛明,刘明军,张建狮,虎喜凤,杨清,刘敏,啜永清,景呈国.1999.山西中南部地区地壳深部地球物理场异常与地震[J].地震学报,21(3):305-312.
吴满路,廖椿庭,袁嘉音.2002.荒沟蓄能电站地下厂房地应力状态与工程稳定性研究[J].地球学报,23(3):263-268.
吴满路,张春山,廖椿庭,马寅生,区明益.2005.青藏高原腹地现今地应力测量与应力状态研究[J].地球物理学报,48(2):327-332.
谢富仁,崔效峰,赵建涛,陈群策,李宏.2004.中国大陆邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,47(4):654-663.
张伯崇.1996.孔隙压力、断层滑动准则和水库蓄水的影响[C]//苏恺之,李方全,张伯崇,王建军,尹建民,周维垣,刘瑞民.长江三峡坝区地壳应力与孔隙水压力综合研究.北京:地震出版社.166-198.
张景寿.1994.深圳地应力状态及其稳定性评价[J].地球学报,15(1):17-26.
AN Qi-mei,DING Li-feng,WANG Hai-zhong,ZHAO Shi-guang.2004.Research of property and activity of Longmen Mountain fault zone[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics,24(2):115-119(in Chinese with English abstract).
AN Qi-mei,SUN Dong-sheng.2009.Report on the study of in situ stress measurements for Xiezhou-Monan high way tunnel in Shanxi Province[R].Beijing:Institute of Geomechanics,CAGS(in Chinese).
BYERLEE J D1978.Friction of rock[J].Pure and Applied Geo-physics,116(415):615-626.
CUI Zuo-zhou,YIN Zhou-xun,GAO En-yuan,LU De-yuan,FU Wei-zhou.1990.The structure and tectonics of the crust and their relation with earthquakes in the Qinghai-Xizhang pla-teau[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,11(2):224-225(in Chinese).
LI Fang-quan.1994.Fault activity and in situ stress state[C].//Seismogeology committee of China seismology so-ciety,Study on China active faults.Beijing:Seismic press,15-21(in Chinese).
LI Fang-quan,SUN Shi-zong,LI Li-qiu.1982.In-situ stress meas-urements in North China and Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,1(1):73-86(in Chinese).
LI Xue-xin.1988.Disscuss on the genesis of Shanxi Duozi-type basains and its seismic hazards[C].//Institute of crustal dy-namics,SSB,Crustal structure and stress(2).189-198(in Chi-nese).
LIU Ming-qing,ZHU Zhi-ping,FANG Sheng-ming,LIU Ming-jun.1999.Earthquake and geophysical field abnormal at deep crust in the middle and south parts of Shanxi[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(3):305-312(in Chinese with English abstract).
State Seismological Bureau.1989.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China[M].Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House(in Chinese).
WU Man-lu,LIAO Chun-ting,YUAN Jia-yin.2002.A Study of Stress State and Engineering Stability of Underground House at the Huanggou Accumulation Power Station[J].ACTA Geo-scientica Sinica,23(3):263-268(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
WU Man-lu,ZHANG Chun-shan,LIAO Chun-ting,MA Yin-sheng,OU Ming-yi.2005.The recent state of stress in the central Qinghai—Tibet Plateau according to in-situ stress meas-ureme[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,48(2):327-332(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIE Fu-ren,CUI Xiao-feng,ZHAO Jian-tao,CHEN Qun-ce,LI Hong.2004.Rggional Division of the Recent Tectonic Stress Field in China and Adjacent Aeras[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(4):654-663(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Bo-chong.1996.Pore pressure,fault slip criterion and influence of resevoir impounding[C]//SU Kai-zhi,LI Fang-quan,ZHANG Bo-chong,WANG Jian-jun,YIN Jian-min,ZHOU Wei-yuan,LIU Rui-min.Integrated research on the stress field and pore pressure at the Three Gorges site.Beijing:Seismological Press(in Chinese).
ZHANG Jing-shou.1994.The State of the in situ Stress and the Evaluation of the Stability of area in ShenZheng[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,15(1):17-26(in Chinese).
ZOBACK M L.1992.First-and second-order patterns of stress in the lithosphere:the world stress map project[J].J.Geophys.Res.,97(B8):11703-11728.
ZOBACK M D,HEALY J H.1992.In-situ stress measurements to3.5km depth in the Cajon.Pass Scientific Research Bore-hole:implications for the mechanics of crustal faulting[J].J.G.R.,97(B4):5039-5057.
ZOBACK M D,HICKMAN S.1982.In-Situ Study of the Physical Mechanisms Controlling Induced Seismicity at Monticello Reservoir,South Caroling[J].J.Geophys.Res.87(B8),6959-6974.
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