地震奇异性属性及其在油气检测中的应用
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摘要
通过引入启动函数拓展传统的地层转换模型,在该模型中利用奇异性信息量化地层速度的过渡特征,并基于传统的褶积模型研究奇异性信息在波阻抗到合成地震记录之间的传递性。研究结果表明,地震记录中较好地保存了地层介质的奇异性特征,因此奇异性特征可以作为一种自然的、能够精确刻画地层边界的地震属性。基于单尺度分数高斯小波变换算法,将小波变换模极大值的消失或出现作为计算奇异性指数值的标准,追踪小波变换模极大值点,当模极大值趋于零时对应的分数高斯小波的阶数即为待求的H lder指数,据此提出了通过地震记录的奇异性信息来进行油气探测的方法。从四川盆地某气田地质模型及实际地震资料两个方面进行了论证研究,结果表明奇异性指数可作为油气检测的一个重要参考指标。图4参19
The onset function is introduced to extend the traditional formation conversion model,and the singularity data is used to quantify the transit characteristics of the formation velocity.Moreover,the traditional convolution model is used to identify the transmission of the singularity data from acoustic impedance to composite seismogram.The singularity characteristics of formation medium are preserved in the seismogram and they can be considered as a natural seismic attribute that can delineate the formation boundaries accurately.With the mono-scale fractional-order Gaussian wavelet transformation algorithm,the wavelet transform modulus maximum points are traced by taking the disappearance or appearance of the maximum as the criterion for singularity index calculation.When the maximum approaches zero,the corresponding order number of fractional-order Gaussian wavelet is just the Hlder index desired.In this regard,it is proposed to detect the hydrocarbons with the singularity data of the seismogram.It is demonstrated with both the geologic model and the actual seismic data for a gas field in the Sichuan Basin,which shows that the singularity index can be considered as a key reference for hydrocarbon detection.
The onset function is introduced to extend the traditional formation conversion model,and the singularity data is used to quantify the transit characteristics of the formation velocity.Moreover,the traditional convolution model is used to identify the transmission of the singularity data from acoustic impedance to composite seismogram.The singularity characteristics of formation medium are preserved in the seismogram and they can be considered as a natural seismic attribute that can delineate the formation boundaries accurately.With the mono-scale fractional-order Gaussian wavelet transformation algorithm,the wavelet transform modulus maximum points are traced by taking the disappearance or appearance of the maximum as the criterion for singularity index calculation.When the maximum approaches zero,the corresponding order number of fractional-order Gaussian wavelet is just the Hlder index desired.In this regard,it is proposed to detect the hydrocarbons with the singularity data of the seismogram.It is demonstrated with both the geologic model and the actual seismic data for a gas field in the Sichuan Basin,which shows that the singularity index can be considered as a key reference for hydrocarbon detection.
引文
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[19]秦建中,孟庆强,付小东.川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩三期成烃成藏过程[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):548-556.Qin Jianzhong,Meng Qingqiang,Fu Xiaodong.Threehydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes of marinecarbonate rocks in northeastern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(5):548-556.
[2]Bahorich M S,Farmer S L.3D seismic discontinuity for faultsand stratigraphic features[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):1053-1058.
[3]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seismic traceanalysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44:1041-1063.
[4]李春峰,Liner C.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):882-888.Li Chunfeng,Liner C.Singularity exponent from wavelet-basedmultiscale analysis:Anewseismic attribute[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2005,48(4):882-888.
[5]Herrmann F J,Stark C.Monoscale analysis of edges/reflectorsusing fractional differentiations/integrations[J].GeophysicalResearch Letters,2001,28(19):3781-3784.
[6]Chang Xu,Liu Yike,Ashida Y.Hausdorff fractal algorithmforpicking first breakin seismic traces[J].Butsuri-Tansa,1999,52(4):316-322.
[7]常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):839-846.Chang Xu,Liu Yike.The generalizedfractal di mension of seismicrecords and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(6):839-846.
[8]李春峰.分形介质与分形地层[J].地层学杂志,2005,29(4):348-354.Li Chunfeng.Fractal media and fractal stratigraphy[J].Journalof Stratigraphy,2005,29(4):348-354.
[9]Mallat S,Hwang WL.Singularity detection and processing withwavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-642.
[10]Zemanian A H.Distribution theory and transform analysis:Anintroduction to generalizedfunctions,with applications[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1965.
[11]Holschneider M.Wavelets:An analysis tool[M].London:Oxford Science Publications,1995.
[12]Todoeschuck J P,Jenson O G.Joseph geology and seismicdeconvolution[J].Geophysics,1988,53:1410-1414.
[13]Li Chunfeng.Information passage from acoustic i mpedance toseismograms:perspective from wavelet based multiscale analysis[J].Geophyics Res.,2004,109:301-307.
[14]Herrmann F J.Singularity characterization by monoscaleanalysis:Application to seismic i maging[J].Appl.Comput.Harmon.Anal,2001,11:64-88.
[15]汪泽成,赵文智,李宗银,等.基底断裂在四川盆地须家河组天然气成藏中的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):541-547.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Li Zongyin,et al.Role ofbasement faults in gas accumulation of Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(5):541-547.
[16]朱如凯,赵霞,刘柳红,等.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):46-55.Zhu Rukai,Zhao Xia,Liu Liuhong,et al.Depositional systemand favorable reservoir distribution of Xujiahe Formation inSichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):46-55.
[17]邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等.“连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布———以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et tal.Formation anddistribution of“continuous”gas reservoirs and their giant gasprovince:A case from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formationgiant gas province,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2009,36(3):307-319.
[18]张水昌,米敬奎,刘柳红,等.中国致密砂岩煤成气藏地质特征及成藏过程———以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界与四川盆地须家河组气藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):320-330.Zhang Shuichang,Mi Jingkui,Liu Liuhong,et al.Geologicalfeatures and formation of coal-formed tight sandstone gas poolsinChina:Cases from Upper Paleozoic gas pools,Ordos Basin andXujiahe Formation gas pools,Sichuan Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2009,36(3):320-330.
[19]秦建中,孟庆强,付小东.川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩三期成烃成藏过程[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):548-556.Qin Jianzhong,Meng Qingqiang,Fu Xiaodong.Threehydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes of marinecarbonate rocks in northeastern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(5):548-556.
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