中国地壳、上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学研究的序幕——从1958年柴达木沉积盆地深部地震反射探测看半个世纪来该科学领域的发展导向和启迪
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摘要
喜马拉雅山系的崛起、青藏高原的隆升以及与成山、成岩、成盆、成矿和成灾相关的深层过程是东亚乃至全球地球动力学研究中最为重要的科学事件.1958年始在柴达木盆地的地震反射探测与地壳、上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学研究开启了青藏高原地球内部研究的先河,半个世纪以来它影响并引导着我国这一科学领域的发展和前进.本文为纪念地壳与上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学在中国的诞生而作.柴达木盆地壳、幔精细结构地震反射探测结果表明:柴达木盆地的沉积层巨厚可达15~19 km,且存在着迴折波和不同类型与路径的多次波.地壳厚达50~52 km,且存在着高速梯度夹层和低速层.Moho界带为由高、低速相间的薄层束组构,且上地幔顶部纵波速度为8.1 km/s.从这一基点出发,对包括柴达木盆地在内的青藏高原地球深部与地球动力学研究中的几个科学问题进行了思考!为今后青藏高原地球物理深化研究的内涵和布局提出了初步的见解.
It is widely accepted that rising of the Himalayas Mountains,uplift of the Tibetan plateau,and deep processes associated with formation and generation of ranges,rocks,basins,minerals and disasters,are the most important issues of geodynamics in East Asia as well as in the word.Actually,for the first time in China the seismic reflection exploration performed in the Qaidam basin since 1958 was the prelude to this research field,which is of great significance for probing fine structures and upper mantle as well as the interiors of the neighboring Tibetan plateau.During the last 50 years this initiative work in the Qaidam basin has been guiding the studies of dynamics for the Tibetan plateau and continental tectonics in our country.The seismic survey result shows that the thickness of the sediment in the Qaidam basin is up to 15~19 km,which generates return-Refracted waves and multiples of varied kinds and paths.The crust of this area is 50~52 km thick,with high-velocity intercalations and low-velocity layers.Beneath the basin the Moho interface consists of interbedded high-velocity and low-velocity layers.And the P wave ve-locity of the uppermost mantle is 8.1km/s.These data remain valuable for present research of the Qaidam basin as well as the Tibetan plateau.To commemorate this departure of probing fine structures of crust and upper mantle and continental dynamics in China,this paper attempts to address several scientific issues about the deep structures and dynamics of the Tibetan plateau,which are involved with resources and natural disasters in the continent as well as understanding the Earth itself.Meanwhile some suggestive views are presented for the planning and implementation of the relevant research in this region.
It is widely accepted that rising of the Himalayas Mountains,uplift of the Tibetan plateau,and deep processes associated with formation and generation of ranges,rocks,basins,minerals and disasters,are the most important issues of geodynamics in East Asia as well as in the word.Actually,for the first time in China the seismic reflection exploration performed in the Qaidam basin since 1958 was the prelude to this research field,which is of great significance for probing fine structures and upper mantle as well as the interiors of the neighboring Tibetan plateau.During the last 50 years this initiative work in the Qaidam basin has been guiding the studies of dynamics for the Tibetan plateau and continental tectonics in our country.The seismic survey result shows that the thickness of the sediment in the Qaidam basin is up to 15~19 km,which generates return-Refracted waves and multiples of varied kinds and paths.The crust of this area is 50~52 km thick,with high-velocity intercalations and low-velocity layers.Beneath the basin the Moho interface consists of interbedded high-velocity and low-velocity layers.And the P wave ve-locity of the uppermost mantle is 8.1km/s.These data remain valuable for present research of the Qaidam basin as well as the Tibetan plateau.To commemorate this departure of probing fine structures of crust and upper mantle and continental dynamics in China,this paper attempts to address several scientific issues about the deep structures and dynamics of the Tibetan plateau,which are involved with resources and natural disasters in the continent as well as understanding the Earth itself.Meanwhile some suggestive views are presented for the planning and implementation of the relevant research in this region.
引文
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[17]曾融生,阚荣举,何传大,李彭年.柴达木盆地低频地震探测结晶基底工作方法[J].地球物理学报,1960,9(2):155~168.
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[23]曾融生,滕吉文,阚荣举,张家茹.我国西北地区地壳中的高速夹层[J].地球物理学报,1965,14(2):94~106.
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[26]卢占武,高锐,李秋生,管烨,张季生,贺日政,黄立言.中国青藏高原深部地球物理探测与地球动力学研究(1958~2004)[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):753~770.Lu Z W,Gao R,Li Q S,Guan Y,Zhang J S,He R Z,Huang L Y.Deep geophysical probe and geodynamic study onthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(1958-2004)[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):753~770.
[27]李永华,吴庆举,安张辉,田小波,曾融生,张瑞青,李红光.青藏高原东北缘地壳S波速度结构与泊松比及其意义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1359~1368.Li Y H,Wu Q J,An Z H,Tian X B,Zeng R S,Zhang R Q,Li H G.The Poisson ratio and crustal structure across theNE Tibetan Plateau determined from receiver functions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1359~1368.
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