水力压裂微地震粒子群差分进化定位算法
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摘要
为了提高微地震在初至时间不准确条件下的定位精度,通过研究理论模型下对初至施加不同程度的扰动时震源定位的影响,讨论了由于粒子群定位方法的发散性而导致的定位效果偏差问题。把粒子群算法全局搜索速度快的特点与差分进化方法相结合,将种群中任意两个个体差分变异后,进行杂交、贪婪选择操作,生成新的个体,从而增加了种群的多样性,改善了震源定位的发散性,提高了时差定位的精度,最终形成了微地震粒子群差分进化定位算法。通过理论模型测试,表明微地震粒子群差分进化定位算法针对有扰动的初至时间具有更高精度,且震源定位的发散性较传统粒子群定位得到了改善。实际微地震资料反演结果也进一步验证了微地震粒子群差分进化定位算法的应用效果。
This study aims to improve the accuracy of source location in case of inaccurate first arrival time.It investigates the influence of disturbances to the theoretical first arrival on source location,and then discuses the deviation of source location due to the divergence of particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm.The PSO algorithm characterized by high-speed global search is combined with differential evolution algorithm.After differential mutation of any two individuals in the population,new individuals are generated by hybridization and greedy selection operation.This process increases the population diversity,reduces the divergence of source location,and improves the accuracy of source location.Ultimately,a source location method based on the PSO and differential evolution algorithms is established for microseismic monitoring.Test data from the theoretical model show that the proposed method has higher accuracy in case of a disturbed first arrival time,whereas the divergence of source location is reduced compared with traditional PSO method.The applied effect of the established method is further verified by inversion of the actual microseismic data.
This study aims to improve the accuracy of source location in case of inaccurate first arrival time.It investigates the influence of disturbances to the theoretical first arrival on source location,and then discuses the deviation of source location due to the divergence of particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm.The PSO algorithm characterized by high-speed global search is combined with differential evolution algorithm.After differential mutation of any two individuals in the population,new individuals are generated by hybridization and greedy selection operation.This process increases the population diversity,reduces the divergence of source location,and improves the accuracy of source location.Ultimately,a source location method based on the PSO and differential evolution algorithms is established for microseismic monitoring.Test data from the theoretical model show that the proposed method has higher accuracy in case of a disturbed first arrival time,whereas the divergence of source location is reduced compared with traditional PSO method.The applied effect of the established method is further verified by inversion of the actual microseismic data.
引文
[1]杨升宇,张金川,黄卫东,等.吐哈盆地柯柯亚地区致密砂岩气储层“甜点”类型及成因[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):272-282.Yang Shengyu,Zhang Jinchuan,Huang Weidong,et al."Sweet spot"types of reservoirs and genesis of tight sandstone gas in Kekeya area,Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):272-282.
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[3]杨野,彪仿俊,王瀚.螺旋射孔对水平缝水力压裂过程影响的数值模拟[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):1076-1079.Yang Ye,Biao Fangjun,Wang Han.A numerical study on effects of helical perforation on hydraulic fracturing of horizontal fractures[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):1076-1079.
[4]吴奇,胥云,张守良,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Zhang Shouliang,et al.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation technology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
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[7]万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,16(6):1-7.Wan Yongge,Li Hongji.The preliminary study on seismic hypocenter location using genetic algorithms[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2005,16(6):1-7.
[8]李振春,盛冠群,王维波,等.井地联合观测多分量微地震逆时干涉定位[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):666-671.Li Zhenchun,Sheng Guanqun,Wang Weibo,et al.Time-reverse microseismic hypocenter location with interferometric imaging condition based on surface and downhole multi-components[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):666-671.
[9]刘建中,王春耘,刘继民.用微地震法监测油田生产动态[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):71-73.Liu Jianzhong,Wang Chunyun,Liu Jimin.Micro-seismic monitor on the operation of oil fields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):71-73.
[10]Wong J,Han Lejia,Bancroft J C.Microseismic hypocenter location using nonlinear optimization[C]∥Annual International MeetingSociety of Exploration Geophysicists Tulsa.Okla:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2010:2186-2190.
[11]Thornton M,Duncan P.Microseismic imaging with combined surface and downhole arrays[R].SEG2012-1433,2012.
[12]Tarantola A.Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter estimation[M].Philadelphia,PA:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,2005.
[13]刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩,等.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别[J].地震学报,2009,31(3):260-271.Liu Xiqiang,Zhou Yanwen,Qu Junhao,et al.Real-time detection of regional events and automatic P-phase identification from the vertical component of a single station record[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,31(3):260-271.
[14]王晨龙,程玖兵,尹陈,等.地面与井中观测条件下的微地震干涉逆时定位算法[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(9):3184-3196.Wang Chenlong,Cheng Jiubing,Yin Chen,et al.Microseismic events location of surface and borehole observation with reversetime focusing using interferometry technique[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(9):3184-3196.
[15]吴治涛,骆循,李仕雄.联合小波变换与偏振分析自动拾取微地震P波到时[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(1):131-136.Wu Zhitao,Luo Xun,Li Shixiong.United wavelet transform and polarization analysis automatically identify micro seismic P-arrival[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(1):131-136.
[16]Zhao X P,Reyes-Montes J,Young R P.Time-lapse velocities for locations of microseismic events-a numerical example[C]∥75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC2013.EAGE,2013.
[17]Rentsch S,Buske S,Lüth S,et al.Location of seismicity using Gaussian beam type migration[C]∥74th Annual International Meeting.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2004:354-357.
[18]Gajewski D,Vanelle C,Tessmer E,et al.Localization of seismic events by diffraction stacking[R].SEG2007-1287,2007.
[19]Artman B,Podladtchikov I,Witten B.Source location using time-reverse imaging[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):861-873.
[20]王维波,周瑶琪,春兰.地面微地震监测SET震源定位特性研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(5):45-55.Wang Weibo,Zhou Yaoqi,Chun Lan.Characteristic of source location by seismic emission tomography for surface based on microseimic monitoring[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2012,36(5):45-55.
[21]Chiu S K,Zimmer U,Davidson M.High-resolution automatic microseismic source detections[C]∥European Association of Geoscientists&Engineers.Proceeding of 75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013,June 10-13,2013,London UK:EAGE,2013.
[22]Anikiev D,Stanek F,Valenta J,et al.Imaging microseismic events by diffraction stacking with moment tensor inversion[C]∥SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.SEG,2013:2013-2018.
[23]宋维琪,陈泽东,毛中华.水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008.Song Weiqi,Chen Zedong,Mao Zhonghua.Hydro-fracturing break microseismic monitoring technology[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2008.
[24]Prothero W A,Taylor W J,Eickmeyer J A.A fast,two-point,three-dimension raytracing algorithm using a simple step search method[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78(3):1190-1198.
[25]张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):226-231.Zhang Shan,Liu Qinglin,Zhao Qun,et al.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in development of oil field[J].Geophysics Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):226-231.
[26]李国,徐晨,吴延科.全局收敛的PSO算法的种群多样性特征[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(5):237-240.Li Guo,Xu Chen,Wu Yanke.The population diversity character of the globally convergent PSO algorithm[J].Computer Application and Software,2008,25(5):237-240.
[27]王心强.地面微地震事件的反演定位研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2012.Wang Xinqiang.Inversion location research of surface micro-seismic event[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum,2012.
[28]Shi Yuhui,Eberhart R.A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation.Anchorage,AK:IEEE,1998:69-73.
[29]张银雪,田学民.基于改进PSO-ICA的地震信号去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):56-62.Zhang Yinxue,Tian Xuemin.Seismic denoising based on the modified partical swarm optimization-independent component analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):56-62.
[30]Wu Qiubo,He Guangming,Tao Zhengxi.Acoustic impedance inversion based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[C]∥Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference&Ex-position.Beijing,China,2009:24-27.
[31]Storn R,Price K.Differential evolution-a simple and efficient adaptive scheme for global optimization over continuous space[R].Berkley:International Computer Science Institute,1995.
[32]徐果明,卫山,高尔根,等.二维复杂介质的块状建模及射线追踪[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):213-219.Xu Guoming,Wei Shan,Gao Ergen,et al.Block model-building and ray-tracing in 2-D complicated medium[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(2):213-219.
[33]Bardainne T,Gaucher E.Constrained tomography of realistic velocity models in microseismic monitoring using calibration shots[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):739-753.
[34]Pei Donghong,Quirein J A,Cornish B E,et al.Velocity calibration for microseismic monitoring:a very fast simulated annealing(VFSA)approach for joint-objective optimization[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):47-55.
[35]张雯雰,王刚,朱朝晖,等.粒子群优化算法种群规模的选择[J].计算机系统应用,2010,19(5):125-128.Zhang Wenfen,Wang Gang,Zhu Zhaohui,et al.Population size selection of particle swarm optimizer algorithm[J].Computer Systems&Applications,2010,19(5):125-128.
[36]Shi Yuhui,Eberhart R C.Fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization[C]∥Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2001:101-106.
[37]杨启文,蔡亮,薛云灿.差分进化算法综述[J].模式识别与人工智能,2008,21(4):506-513.Yang Qiwen,Cai Liang,Xue Yuncan.A survey of differential evolution algorithms[J].Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence,2008,21(4):506-513.
[2]张东晓,杨婷云.页岩气开发综述[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):792-801.Zhang Dongxiao,Yang Tingyun.An overview of shale-gas production[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):792-801.
[3]杨野,彪仿俊,王瀚.螺旋射孔对水平缝水力压裂过程影响的数值模拟[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):1076-1079.Yang Ye,Biao Fangjun,Wang Han.A numerical study on effects of helical perforation on hydraulic fracturing of horizontal fractures[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):1076-1079.
[4]吴奇,胥云,张守良,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Zhang Shouliang,et al.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation technology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
[5]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.Wang Jiaying.Inverse theory in geophysics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.
[6]宋维琪,刘军,陈伟.改进射线追踪算法的微震源反演[J].物探与化探,2008,32(3):274-278.Song Weiqi,Liu Jun,Chen Wei.Microearthquake source inversion of an improved ray tracing algoritm[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(3):274-278.
[7]万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,16(6):1-7.Wan Yongge,Li Hongji.The preliminary study on seismic hypocenter location using genetic algorithms[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2005,16(6):1-7.
[8]李振春,盛冠群,王维波,等.井地联合观测多分量微地震逆时干涉定位[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):666-671.Li Zhenchun,Sheng Guanqun,Wang Weibo,et al.Time-reverse microseismic hypocenter location with interferometric imaging condition based on surface and downhole multi-components[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):666-671.
[9]刘建中,王春耘,刘继民.用微地震法监测油田生产动态[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):71-73.Liu Jianzhong,Wang Chunyun,Liu Jimin.Micro-seismic monitor on the operation of oil fields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):71-73.
[10]Wong J,Han Lejia,Bancroft J C.Microseismic hypocenter location using nonlinear optimization[C]∥Annual International MeetingSociety of Exploration Geophysicists Tulsa.Okla:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2010:2186-2190.
[11]Thornton M,Duncan P.Microseismic imaging with combined surface and downhole arrays[R].SEG2012-1433,2012.
[12]Tarantola A.Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter estimation[M].Philadelphia,PA:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,2005.
[13]刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩,等.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别[J].地震学报,2009,31(3):260-271.Liu Xiqiang,Zhou Yanwen,Qu Junhao,et al.Real-time detection of regional events and automatic P-phase identification from the vertical component of a single station record[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,31(3):260-271.
[14]王晨龙,程玖兵,尹陈,等.地面与井中观测条件下的微地震干涉逆时定位算法[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(9):3184-3196.Wang Chenlong,Cheng Jiubing,Yin Chen,et al.Microseismic events location of surface and borehole observation with reversetime focusing using interferometry technique[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(9):3184-3196.
[15]吴治涛,骆循,李仕雄.联合小波变换与偏振分析自动拾取微地震P波到时[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(1):131-136.Wu Zhitao,Luo Xun,Li Shixiong.United wavelet transform and polarization analysis automatically identify micro seismic P-arrival[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(1):131-136.
[16]Zhao X P,Reyes-Montes J,Young R P.Time-lapse velocities for locations of microseismic events-a numerical example[C]∥75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC2013.EAGE,2013.
[17]Rentsch S,Buske S,Lüth S,et al.Location of seismicity using Gaussian beam type migration[C]∥74th Annual International Meeting.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2004:354-357.
[18]Gajewski D,Vanelle C,Tessmer E,et al.Localization of seismic events by diffraction stacking[R].SEG2007-1287,2007.
[19]Artman B,Podladtchikov I,Witten B.Source location using time-reverse imaging[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):861-873.
[20]王维波,周瑶琪,春兰.地面微地震监测SET震源定位特性研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(5):45-55.Wang Weibo,Zhou Yaoqi,Chun Lan.Characteristic of source location by seismic emission tomography for surface based on microseimic monitoring[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2012,36(5):45-55.
[21]Chiu S K,Zimmer U,Davidson M.High-resolution automatic microseismic source detections[C]∥European Association of Geoscientists&Engineers.Proceeding of 75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013,June 10-13,2013,London UK:EAGE,2013.
[22]Anikiev D,Stanek F,Valenta J,et al.Imaging microseismic events by diffraction stacking with moment tensor inversion[C]∥SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.SEG,2013:2013-2018.
[23]宋维琪,陈泽东,毛中华.水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008.Song Weiqi,Chen Zedong,Mao Zhonghua.Hydro-fracturing break microseismic monitoring technology[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2008.
[24]Prothero W A,Taylor W J,Eickmeyer J A.A fast,two-point,three-dimension raytracing algorithm using a simple step search method[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78(3):1190-1198.
[25]张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):226-231.Zhang Shan,Liu Qinglin,Zhao Qun,et al.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in development of oil field[J].Geophysics Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):226-231.
[26]李国,徐晨,吴延科.全局收敛的PSO算法的种群多样性特征[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(5):237-240.Li Guo,Xu Chen,Wu Yanke.The population diversity character of the globally convergent PSO algorithm[J].Computer Application and Software,2008,25(5):237-240.
[27]王心强.地面微地震事件的反演定位研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2012.Wang Xinqiang.Inversion location research of surface micro-seismic event[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum,2012.
[28]Shi Yuhui,Eberhart R.A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation.Anchorage,AK:IEEE,1998:69-73.
[29]张银雪,田学民.基于改进PSO-ICA的地震信号去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):56-62.Zhang Yinxue,Tian Xuemin.Seismic denoising based on the modified partical swarm optimization-independent component analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):56-62.
[30]Wu Qiubo,He Guangming,Tao Zhengxi.Acoustic impedance inversion based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[C]∥Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference&Ex-position.Beijing,China,2009:24-27.
[31]Storn R,Price K.Differential evolution-a simple and efficient adaptive scheme for global optimization over continuous space[R].Berkley:International Computer Science Institute,1995.
[32]徐果明,卫山,高尔根,等.二维复杂介质的块状建模及射线追踪[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):213-219.Xu Guoming,Wei Shan,Gao Ergen,et al.Block model-building and ray-tracing in 2-D complicated medium[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(2):213-219.
[33]Bardainne T,Gaucher E.Constrained tomography of realistic velocity models in microseismic monitoring using calibration shots[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):739-753.
[34]Pei Donghong,Quirein J A,Cornish B E,et al.Velocity calibration for microseismic monitoring:a very fast simulated annealing(VFSA)approach for joint-objective optimization[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):47-55.
[35]张雯雰,王刚,朱朝晖,等.粒子群优化算法种群规模的选择[J].计算机系统应用,2010,19(5):125-128.Zhang Wenfen,Wang Gang,Zhu Zhaohui,et al.Population size selection of particle swarm optimizer algorithm[J].Computer Systems&Applications,2010,19(5):125-128.
[36]Shi Yuhui,Eberhart R C.Fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization[C]∥Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2001:101-106.
[37]杨启文,蔡亮,薛云灿.差分进化算法综述[J].模式识别与人工智能,2008,21(4):506-513.Yang Qiwen,Cai Liang,Xue Yuncan.A survey of differential evolution algorithms[J].Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence,2008,21(4):506-513.
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