巨厚黄土地区煤田地震资料采集关键技术
|
摘要
巨厚黄土覆盖地区土层结构疏松,地震波速度低、吸收衰减严重、次生干扰发育,资料信噪比与分辨率极低,煤田地震勘探面临诸多难题,其核心是数据采集问题。提出了利用微测井约束的瑞雷波反演技术精细刻画浅表层黄土速度结构,合理选取激发层位;利用震/检联合大基距组合技术提高单炮信噪比、压制低速强规则干扰;采取低频检波器接收以适应厚黄土层中地震波传播的衰减特征;利用多线/长排列观测技术提高目的层段的有效覆盖等技术方案。实际应用表明,通过上述4项技术的集成应用,取得了良好的效果。
Complicated conditions in thick loess-covered area cause many serious problems to the coal field seis-mic prospecting,which is characterized with loose soil structure,lower wave velocity,severe absorption and at-tenuation,serious secondary disturbances,extremely poor S/N ratio and resolution.Among these problems,field acquisition techniques are the key problems.So,some solutions are proposed,including:(1) fine portraying the loess velocity structure using Rayleigh-Wave inversion method restrained by micro-logging data,to reasonably se-lect the excitation location;(2) applying long excite/geophone array to enhance S/N ratio of raw data and suppress the strong low speed regular interfaces;(3) adopting the low frequency geophones in order to adapt the propagation attenuation characteristics of thick loess;(4) using the multi-lines and long layout observation to improve the ef-fective folds for targeted coal seam.The full-scale test in the thick loess area of Wanrong and Hongdong county in Shanxi indicated that through the system and comprehensive application of the above 4 key techniques,the reflec-tion wave can be clearly recognized from raw records,and the seismic stack-profiles with events of high S/N ratio,good continuity can be obtained.The geological results have been proved perfect by 3 wells data.The application of these key techniques will basically solve the technical problems which coal field seismic acquisition work has faced in the similar areas with thick loess.
Complicated conditions in thick loess-covered area cause many serious problems to the coal field seis-mic prospecting,which is characterized with loose soil structure,lower wave velocity,severe absorption and at-tenuation,serious secondary disturbances,extremely poor S/N ratio and resolution.Among these problems,field acquisition techniques are the key problems.So,some solutions are proposed,including:(1) fine portraying the loess velocity structure using Rayleigh-Wave inversion method restrained by micro-logging data,to reasonably se-lect the excitation location;(2) applying long excite/geophone array to enhance S/N ratio of raw data and suppress the strong low speed regular interfaces;(3) adopting the low frequency geophones in order to adapt the propagation attenuation characteristics of thick loess;(4) using the multi-lines and long layout observation to improve the ef-fective folds for targeted coal seam.The full-scale test in the thick loess area of Wanrong and Hongdong county in Shanxi indicated that through the system and comprehensive application of the above 4 key techniques,the reflec-tion wave can be clearly recognized from raw records,and the seismic stack-profiles with events of high S/N ratio,good continuity can be obtained.The geological results have been proved perfect by 3 wells data.The application of these key techniques will basically solve the technical problems which coal field seismic acquisition work has faced in the similar areas with thick loess.
引文
[1]滕志宏.黄土高原黄土地层分区及其地层结构[J].西北大学学报,1990,20(2):85-93.
[2]YIMOU L,JUYONG Y,XIANGHAO L.Seismic acquisition techniques in complex mountainous areas:Case study in Kuqa foreland basin,westerN CHINA[C]//US:SEG Las Vegas 2008 Annual Meeting,2008:139-143.
[3]程洪涛,黄用勤.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术研究[J],工程地球物理学报,2005,2(6):460-465.
[4]黄桂雄,张宝君.富县黄土塬区二维地震直测线施工方法及效果[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(4):15-25.
[5]姚宗惠,杜中东,王学刚,等.鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地巨厚黄土地区地震采集技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):406-412.刘依谋,梁向豪.塔里木盆地西南坳陷巨厚黄土区地震采集技术[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):103-105.
[6]孙景旺,杜中东,任文军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬区多线地震采集技术[J].石油物探,2003,(04):5-8.
[7]罗仁泽,梁黎明,吴希光,等.宽线大组合理论及其在黄土塬地震采集中的应用[J].天然气工业,2009(3):54-56
[8]郭红启,林明强,陆昌平,等.民和盆地黄土塬区地震采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):1-4.
[9]赵延江.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术探讨[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):646-650.
[10]曹新领,张奋轩.用测井方法确定最佳激发层位[C].西安:陕晋冀煤炭学会地质测量专业学术研讨会,2006:102-103.
[11]王文忠,田雪峰,梁延广,等.地震勘探弯线技术在巨厚黄土塬区沟谷条件下的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2007(6):69-73.
[12]王中锋,冯西会,朱芳香.黄土塬梁峁区三维地震采集方法研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2008(6):28-30.
[13]常锁亮,李连英,张胤彬,等.厚黄土覆盖丘陵地区煤田地震勘探方法研究[J].物探与化探,2002,26(6):17-20.
[14]王伟,曹志勇,杨德义,等.黄土塬区特殊观测系统的设计及应用[J].太原理工大学学报,2008(增刊2):22-24.
[15]丁仲礼,刘东生,刘秀铭,等.250万年来37个旋回[J].科学通报,1989,34(19):1494-1496.
[16]岳应利.黄土物理性质变化规律研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,28(02):99-103.
[17]RYASHCHENKO T G,AKULOVA V V,SOLOKOV V N,等.中国北方黄土高原地区黄土的微结构模型(详细摘要)[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(1):110-111.
[2]YIMOU L,JUYONG Y,XIANGHAO L.Seismic acquisition techniques in complex mountainous areas:Case study in Kuqa foreland basin,westerN CHINA[C]//US:SEG Las Vegas 2008 Annual Meeting,2008:139-143.
[3]程洪涛,黄用勤.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术研究[J],工程地球物理学报,2005,2(6):460-465.
[4]黄桂雄,张宝君.富县黄土塬区二维地震直测线施工方法及效果[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(4):15-25.
[5]姚宗惠,杜中东,王学刚,等.鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地巨厚黄土地区地震采集技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):406-412.刘依谋,梁向豪.塔里木盆地西南坳陷巨厚黄土区地震采集技术[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):103-105.
[6]孙景旺,杜中东,任文军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬区多线地震采集技术[J].石油物探,2003,(04):5-8.
[7]罗仁泽,梁黎明,吴希光,等.宽线大组合理论及其在黄土塬地震采集中的应用[J].天然气工业,2009(3):54-56
[8]郭红启,林明强,陆昌平,等.民和盆地黄土塬区地震采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):1-4.
[9]赵延江.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术探讨[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):646-650.
[10]曹新领,张奋轩.用测井方法确定最佳激发层位[C].西安:陕晋冀煤炭学会地质测量专业学术研讨会,2006:102-103.
[11]王文忠,田雪峰,梁延广,等.地震勘探弯线技术在巨厚黄土塬区沟谷条件下的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2007(6):69-73.
[12]王中锋,冯西会,朱芳香.黄土塬梁峁区三维地震采集方法研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2008(6):28-30.
[13]常锁亮,李连英,张胤彬,等.厚黄土覆盖丘陵地区煤田地震勘探方法研究[J].物探与化探,2002,26(6):17-20.
[14]王伟,曹志勇,杨德义,等.黄土塬区特殊观测系统的设计及应用[J].太原理工大学学报,2008(增刊2):22-24.
[15]丁仲礼,刘东生,刘秀铭,等.250万年来37个旋回[J].科学通报,1989,34(19):1494-1496.
[16]岳应利.黄土物理性质变化规律研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,28(02):99-103.
[17]RYASHCHENKO T G,AKULOVA V V,SOLOKOV V N,等.中国北方黄土高原地区黄土的微结构模型(详细摘要)[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(1):110-111.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心