四川芦山Mw 6.6级地震发震构造
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摘要
2013年4月20日四川芦山Mw 6.6级地震发生在龙门山构造带南段,未见典型的同震地表破裂。作者在对震后400余个地震破坏宏观调查点重新厘定的基础上,参考四川数字强震台网的近场峰值加速度(PGA)记录,绘制的本次地震等震线图的极震区地震烈度为Ⅸ度,略呈长轴为NE向的扁椭圆状,不具明显的方向性。进一步综合3 323个早期余震重新定位结果、石油地震勘探剖面和震源机制解等,判定本次地震的主要发震构造为控制蒙山东麓的大邑断裂,系龙门山构造带南段NW-SE向缩短所导致的大邑断裂上冲作用的结果;新开店断裂亦在深部产生了同震破裂,造成了断裂上盘震害明显高于下盘的断层上盘效应现象。
On April 20,2013,the Lushan Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred on the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and no significant coseismic ground rupture was observed.In this paper,the authors define the distribution of the intensity of this earthquake after redefining more than 400 macro-seismic damage survey points and referring to the near field ground acceleration(PGA) record of the Sichuan digital strong motion seismic network.The intensity of epicenter region reached Ⅸ degree on Chinese seismic intensity scale,slightly showing flat oval shape with the long axis to NE,without apparent direction.Furthermore,after consolidating the results of relocating 3 323 early aftershocks,petroleum seismic exploration profiles and focal mechanism solutions,the authors think that the Dayi fault controlling the east piedmont of Mengshan is the main causative structure of the Lushan earthquake,resulting from the thrusting of the Dayi fault induced by shortening of the Longmenshan fault zone in NW-SE direction.The Xinkaidian fault also produces coseismic ruptures in the depth,causing the phenomena that the earthquake damage on the hanging wall is significantly higher than that on the footwall.
On April 20,2013,the Lushan Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred on the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and no significant coseismic ground rupture was observed.In this paper,the authors define the distribution of the intensity of this earthquake after redefining more than 400 macro-seismic damage survey points and referring to the near field ground acceleration(PGA) record of the Sichuan digital strong motion seismic network.The intensity of epicenter region reached Ⅸ degree on Chinese seismic intensity scale,slightly showing flat oval shape with the long axis to NE,without apparent direction.Furthermore,after consolidating the results of relocating 3 323 early aftershocks,petroleum seismic exploration profiles and focal mechanism solutions,the authors think that the Dayi fault controlling the east piedmont of Mengshan is the main causative structure of the Lushan earthquake,resulting from the thrusting of the Dayi fault induced by shortening of the Longmenshan fault zone in NW-SE direction.The Xinkaidian fault also produces coseismic ruptures in the depth,causing the phenomena that the earthquake damage on the hanging wall is significantly higher than that on the footwall.
引文
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[29]Shen Z K,Sun J,Zhang P,et al.Slip maxima atfault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the2008Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2(10):718-724.
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[2]王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403-1410.Wang W M,Zhao L F,Li J,et al.Rupture processof the Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,Chi-na[J].Chinese J Geophysics,2008,51(5):1403-1410.(In Chinese)
[3]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.Xu X W,Wen X Z,Ye J Q,et al.The Ms 8.0Wen-chuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenicstructure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.(In Chinese)
[4]Parsons T,Ji C,Kirby E.Stress changes from the2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard inthe Sichuan basin[J].Nature,2008,454(7203):509-510.
[5]单斌,熊熊,郑勇,等.2008年5月12日Mw7.9级汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(5):537-545.Shan B,Xiong X,Zheng Y,et al.Stress changes onmajor faults caused by Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earth-quake,May 12,2008[J].Sci China Ser D:EarthSci,2009,52(5):593-601.(In Chinese)
[6]M7专项工作组.中国大陆大地震中-长期危险性研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2012:336.Working Group of M7.Study on the Mid-to Long-term Potential of Large Earthquakes on the ChineseContinent[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2012:336.(In Chinese)
[7]Densmore A L,Ellis M A,Li Y,et al.Active tec-tonic of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the east-ern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,26(4):TC4005.
[8]周荣军,李勇,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘活动构造[J].矿物岩石,2006,26(2):40-51.Zhou R J,Li Y,Densmore A L,et al.Active tecton-ics of the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau[J].2006,26(2):40-51.(In Chinese)
[9]周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成,等.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2173-2183.Zhou R J,Huang R Q,Lei J C,et al.Surface rup-ture and hazard characteristics of Wenchuan earth-quake with magnitude 8.0in Sichuan province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2173-2183.(In Chinese)
[10]易桂喜,闻学泽,王思维,等.由地震活动参数分析龙门山-岷山断裂带的现今活动习性与地震危险性[J].中国地震,2006,22(2):117-125.Yi G X,Wen X Z,Wang S W,et al.Study on faultsliding behaviors and strong-earthquake risk of theLongmenshan-Minshan fault zones from currentseismicity parameters[J].Earthquake research inChina,2006,22(2):117-125.(In Chinese)
[11]徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川省芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲断层型地震[J/OL].(2013-04-26).http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/wwwroot/c_000000090002/d_0976.html.Xu X W,Wen X Z,Han Z J,et al.Lushan Ms7.0earthquake:a typical blind fault earthquake[J/OL].(2013-04-26).http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/wwwro-ot/c_000000090002/d_0976.html.(In Chinese)
[12]赵翠萍,王勤彩,华卫,等.2013年4月20日四川省雅安芦山Ms7.0级地震初步分析[J/OL].(2013-04-20).http://www.seis.ac.cn/manage/html/8a9080a125b29b1b0125b2a3093a0002/_content/13_04/20/1366450076054.html.Zhao C P,Wang Q C,Hua W,et al.A preliminaryanalysis of April 20,2013,Lushan Ms7.0earth-quake,Yaan,Sichuan[J/OL].(2013-04-20).ht-tp://www.seis.ac.cn/manage/html/8a9080a125b29b1b0125b2a3093a0002/_content/13_04/20/1366450076054.html.(In Chinese)
[13]Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y.Tectonics of theLongmenshan and adjacent regions[J].InternationalGeology Review,1995,37(8):661-735.
[14]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.Chen G G,Ji F J,Zhou R J,et al.Primary researchon activity segmentation of the Longmenshan faultzone since late Quaternary[J].Seismology and Geol-ogy,2007,29(3):657-653.(In Chinese)
[15]李智武,刘树根,陈洪德,等.龙门山冲断带分段-分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):440-454.Li Z W,Liu S G,Chen H D,et al.Structural seg-mentation and zonation and differential deformationacross and along the Lomgmen thrust belt,west Si-chuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(4):440-454.(In Chinese)
[16]王椿镛,吴建平,楼海,等.川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(增刊):181-189.Wang C Y,Wu J P,Lou H,et al.P-wave crustalvelocity structure in western Sichuan and eastern Ti-betan region[J].Science in China:Series D,2003,46(S):254-265.(In Chinese)
[17]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.芦山4.20地震破裂过程及其致灾特征初步分析[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1408-1411.Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen Y T.Rupture process ofthe Lushan 4.20earthquake and preliminary analysison the disaster-causing mechanism[J].Chinese JGeophys,2013,56(4):1408-1411.(In Chinese)
[18]王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1412-1417.Wang W M,Hao J L,Yao Z X.Preliminary resultfor rupture process of Apr.20,2013,LushanEarthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese JournalGeophysics,2013,56(4):1412-1417.(In Chi-nese)
[19]谢祖军,金笔凯,郑勇,等.近远震波形反演2013年芦山地震震源参数[J].中国科学,2013,43(6):1010-1019.Xie Z J,Jin B K,Zheng Y,et al.Source parame-ters inversion of the 2013 Lushan earthquake bycombining teleseismic waveforms and local seismo-grams[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(6):1010-1019.(In Chinese)
[20]刘杰,易桂喜,张致伟,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山M7.0级地震介绍[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1404-1407.Liu J,Yi G X,Zhang Z W,et al.Introduction tothe Lushan,Sichuan M7.0earthquake on 20April2013[J].Chinese J Geophys,2013,56(4):1404-1407.(In Chinese)
[21]曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山Ms7.0级地震:一个高角度逆冲地震[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1418-1424.Zeng X F,Luo Y,Han L B,et al.The LushanMs7.0earthquake on 20April 2013:A high-anglethrust event[J].Chinese J Geophys,2013,56(4):1418-1424.(In Chinese)
[22]吕坚,王晓山,苏金蓉,等.芦山7.0级地震序列的震源位置与震源机制解特征[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(5):1753-1763.Lyu J,Wang X S,Su J R,et al.Hypocentral loca-tion and source mechanism of the Ms7.0 Lushanearthquake sequence[J].Chinese J Geophys,2013,56(5):1753-1763.(In Chinese)
[23]赵珠,范军,郑斯华,等.龙门山断裂带地壳速度结构和震源位置的精确修定[J].地震学报,1997,19(6):615-622.Zhao Z,Fan J,Zheng S H,et al.Crustal structureand accurate hypocenter determination along theLongmenshan fault zone[J].Acta Seismologica Sini-ca,1997,19(6):615-622.(In Chinese)
[24]Waldauser F,Ellsworth W L.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:Method and applica-tion to the northern Hayward fault[J].Bull SeismolSoc Am,2000,90(6):1353-1368.
[25]Mogi K.Two kinds of seismic gap[J].Purel ApplGeophys,1979,117:1172-1186.
[26]薛艳,宋治平,梅世蓉,等.印尼苏门答腊几次大震前的地震活动异常特征[J].地震学报,2008,30(3):321-325.Xue Y,Song Z P,Mei S R,et al.Characteristics ofseismic activity before several large Sumatra,Indo-nesia,earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(3):321-325.(In Chinese)
[27]Wells D L,Coppersnith K J.New empirical rela-tionships among magnitude,rupture length,rupturewidth,rupture area and surface displacement[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,1994,84(4):974-1002.
[28]Zhang P Z.Beware of slowly slipping faults[J].Na-ture Geoscience,2013,6(5):323-324.
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