中国大陆东南边缘海现时地壳运动与地震动力学综合研究
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摘要
在东亚大陆动力学和西太平洋动力学背景下 ,定量研究中国大陆东南边缘海的现今区域地壳运动、动力学及地震危险性。基于 1994～ 1998年福建 -台北网、中国大陆网、台湾 -吕宋 (菲律宾 )网和东亚大陆及西太平洋的 IGS网等 4种不同空间尺度的 GPS测量结果 ,结合近 10 0年来的强震震源机制解、近 2 0余年来跨断层形变网、精密水准网、激光测距网及原地应力测量等结果 ,以及地球物理数值模拟与地质学成果 ,通过对多层次构造运动的分析、多学科结果的互验互补和整体综合研究 ,获得如下结果 :( 1)本研究区同时存在陆、海相互对进的两种地壳水平运动 :大陆东南沿海 11～ 12 mm/ a向东南、海洋对大陆 3mm/ a向西北以及台湾东海岸 53mm/ a向西北的运动 ;( 2 )台湾岛可能存在着以 2 4°N附近为其旋转轴的右旋运动 ;( 3) GPS和地形变测量求出现今区域应力场主压应力方向为 NW( NWW)向 ,与不同时间尺度的地震学和地质学结果一致 ;( 4 )观测与数值模拟共同证实 ,印度板块和菲律宾海板块对欧亚板块的联合动力作用是导致本区上述地壳运动的原因 ;前者导致的地壳运动速度比后者约大 4倍 ,但前者仅导致准均匀场 ,而后者则可产生变形局部化过程的非均匀场 ,从而为强震孕育提供动力 ;( 5)菲律宾海板块在台湾东侧对欧亚板块?
In order to study quantitatively the current regional crustal movement and dynamics and the earthquake risk in southeast marginal sea of China continent under the background of southeast Asian dynamics and west pacific dynamics,on the basis of four different scale GPS survey results of the Fujian Taibei net,China continent net,Taiwan Luzon(Philippine) net and the IGS net in east Asian and west Pacific from 1994 to 1998,combining the results of the source mechanism of strong earthquake in recent hundred years,the crossing fault deformation net in recent two decades, the precise leveling net,the laser ranging net and the original stress surveying net and the numerical simulation of geophysics and geology achievement,through the analysis of the multi layer tectonic movement,the verification of different science results with each other and the integrated research,we have obtained following results:1)There are two different crustal movements at the same time in studying region,one moving to sea from continent and the other moving to the continent from sea;the velocity of the marginal sea in southeast of continent moving to the southeast is 11-12 mm/a and to northwest is 3 mm/a,the velocity of the east coast of Taiwan moving to northwest is 53 mm/a.2)There may be a right lateral movement in Taiwan,its rotating axis is near the 24°N.3)The main compression stress direction of regional stress field from GPS and surface deformation survey is NW(NWW),which is consist with the results from the seismology and geology in different time scale.4)The survey and numerical simulation proved that the integrated force of the India block and the Philippine block to the Eurasia block lead to the crustal movement as described before,the velocity of the crustal movement come from the former is four times as large as that from the later,but the first only produced an uniform field,the later produced an inhomogeneous field which can generate deformation localization and provide the energy for the strong earthquake preparation.5)The comression and obduction to Eurasia block from Philippine block at the east of Taiwan is the most direct force sorce:from east Taiwan zone to west Taiwan zone,to outside zone of southeast coast zone,to inside zone of southeast coast zone,the crustal deformation and the activity of earthquake decrease by degrees synchronously.6)With the fault from Quanzhou bay to Yongan as the boundary,many current crustal movements in two sides take on remarkable regional diversity,which may have relation to the additional effect of the right lateral movement of Taiwan to continent.7)Although the most energy has been consumed at the east of Taiwan when the Philippine block moving to the west and Taiwan protects southeast coast,but with the slowly energy accumulation,this region still has the possibility of occurrence of M≥6 earthquake,particularly, we should pay attention to the sea board of Quanzhou Shantou.
In order to study quantitatively the current regional crustal movement and dynamics and the earthquake risk in southeast marginal sea of China continent under the background of southeast Asian dynamics and west pacific dynamics,on the basis of four different scale GPS survey results of the Fujian Taibei net,China continent net,Taiwan Luzon(Philippine) net and the IGS net in east Asian and west Pacific from 1994 to 1998,combining the results of the source mechanism of strong earthquake in recent hundred years,the crossing fault deformation net in recent two decades, the precise leveling net,the laser ranging net and the original stress surveying net and the numerical simulation of geophysics and geology achievement,through the analysis of the multi layer tectonic movement,the verification of different science results with each other and the integrated research,we have obtained following results:1)There are two different crustal movements at the same time in studying region,one moving to sea from continent and the other moving to the continent from sea;the velocity of the marginal sea in southeast of continent moving to the southeast is 11-12 mm/a and to northwest is 3 mm/a,the velocity of the east coast of Taiwan moving to northwest is 53 mm/a.2)There may be a right lateral movement in Taiwan,its rotating axis is near the 24°N.3)The main compression stress direction of regional stress field from GPS and surface deformation survey is NW(NWW),which is consist with the results from the seismology and geology in different time scale.4)The survey and numerical simulation proved that the integrated force of the India block and the Philippine block to the Eurasia block lead to the crustal movement as described before,the velocity of the crustal movement come from the former is four times as large as that from the later,but the first only produced an uniform field,the later produced an inhomogeneous field which can generate deformation localization and provide the energy for the strong earthquake preparation.5)The comression and obduction to Eurasia block from Philippine block at the east of Taiwan is the most direct force sorce:from east Taiwan zone to west Taiwan zone,to outside zone of southeast coast zone,to inside zone of southeast coast zone,the crustal deformation and the activity of earthquake decrease by degrees synchronously.6)With the fault from Quanzhou bay to Yongan as the boundary,many current crustal movements in two sides take on remarkable regional diversity,which may have relation to the additional effect of the right lateral movement of Taiwan to continent.7)Although the most energy has been consumed at the east of Taiwan when the Philippine block moving to the west and Taiwan protects southeast coast,but with the slowly energy accumulation,this region still has the possibility of occurrence of M≥6 earthquake,particularly, we should pay attention to the sea board of Quanzhou Shantou.
引文
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2 周硕愚 ,吴云 ,秦小军 ,等 .基于多种 GPS数据研究福建及其邻近海域 1994～ 1997年地壳水平运动 .地球物理学报 ,2 0 0 0 ,4 3( 4 ) .
3 周硕愚 ,张跃刚 ,丁国瑜 ,等 .依据 GPS数据建立中国大陆板内块体现时运动模型的初步研究 .地震学报 ,1998,2 2 ( 4 ) .
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5 朱文耀 ,陈宗颐 ,王小亚 ,等 .中国大陆地壳运动的背景场 .科学通报 ,1999,4 4 ( 14) .
6 Yu Shui- Beih and Kuo L ong- Chen.GPS observation of crustal deformation in Taiwan- L uzon region,geo-physical research letters,1999,2 6 ( 7) :92 3～ 92 6 .
7 马瑾 .构造物理学概论 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1987.
8 梅世蓉 ,等 .梅世蓉地震科学研究论文选集 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993.
9 周硕愚 ,吴云 ,王若柏 ,等 .地震蕴育过程中地壳形变场图象动力学参量的研究 .地震学报 ,1994 ,16 ( 4 ) .
10 周硕愚 ,施顺英 .唐山地震形变场的时空分布、演化特征与机理研究 .地震学报 ,1997,19( 6 ) .
11 吴云 ,帅平 ,周硕愚 ,等 .用 GPS观测结果对中国大陆及邻区现今地壳运动和形变的初步探讨 .地震学报 ,1999,2 1( 5) .
12 周硕愚 ,帅平 ,郭逢英 ,等 .中国福建及其边缘海域现时地壳运动定量研究 - GPS、断层形变和水准等测量与震源机制结果的综合分析 .地震学报 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 2 ( 1) .
13 张诚 ,修济刚 ,邱同芝 ,等 .全球强震震源机制 .北京 :万国出版社 ,1993.
14 周硕愚 ,帅平 ,张跃刚 ,等 .中国大陆及其东南沿海现时地壳运动 .自然科学进展 ,2 0 0 0 ,10 ( 3) .
15 国家地震局《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会 ,马杏垣主编 ,中国岩石圈动力学地图集 .北京 :中国地图出版社 ,1989,17～ 4 7.
16 丁国瑜主编 .中国岩石圈动力学概论 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1997,91～ 16 7.
17 丁原章 ,梁劳 .巴士系构造的地震危险性 .华南地震 ,1992 ,12 ( 3) .
18 陈园田 ,王志鹏 ,黄卿团 ,等 .福建沿海的断陷盆地、平原、海湾与地震 .地壳形变与地震 ,1998,18( 4 ) .
19 汪素云 ,陈培善 .中国及邻区现代构造应力场的数值模拟 .地球物理学报 ,1980 ,2 3( 1) .
2 0 傅容珊 ,黄建华 ,徐耀民 ,等 .印度与欧亚板块碰撞的数值模拟和中国大陆形变 .地震学报 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 2 ( 1) .
2 1 刘与锟 ,郭逢英 ,陈兆湟 ,等 .福建省现代地壳垂直运动与断裂活动 .地壳形变与地震 ,1998,18( 1) .
2 2 L iu Chi- Ching and Yu Shui- Beih.Vertical crustal movements in Taiwan and their tectonic implications.Tectonophysics,1990 ,183.
2 3 Angelier J,Chu Hao- Tsu,Jyr- Cheng,et al.Active faulting and earthquake:the case study of theChihshang Fault,Taiwan.Journal of Geodynamics,2 0 0 0 ,2 9.
2 4 时振梁 ,王健 ,张晓东 .中国地震活动性分区特征 .地震学报 ,1995,17( 1) .2 5 梅世蓉 .地震预报概论 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993
2 周硕愚 ,吴云 ,秦小军 ,等 .基于多种 GPS数据研究福建及其邻近海域 1994～ 1997年地壳水平运动 .地球物理学报 ,2 0 0 0 ,4 3( 4 ) .
3 周硕愚 ,张跃刚 ,丁国瑜 ,等 .依据 GPS数据建立中国大陆板内块体现时运动模型的初步研究 .地震学报 ,1998,2 2 ( 4 ) .
4 丁国瑜 ,卢演俦 .对我国现代板内运动状态的初步探讨 .科学通报 ,1986 ,31( 18) .
5 朱文耀 ,陈宗颐 ,王小亚 ,等 .中国大陆地壳运动的背景场 .科学通报 ,1999,4 4 ( 14) .
6 Yu Shui- Beih and Kuo L ong- Chen.GPS observation of crustal deformation in Taiwan- L uzon region,geo-physical research letters,1999,2 6 ( 7) :92 3～ 92 6 .
7 马瑾 .构造物理学概论 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1987.
8 梅世蓉 ,等 .梅世蓉地震科学研究论文选集 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993.
9 周硕愚 ,吴云 ,王若柏 ,等 .地震蕴育过程中地壳形变场图象动力学参量的研究 .地震学报 ,1994 ,16 ( 4 ) .
10 周硕愚 ,施顺英 .唐山地震形变场的时空分布、演化特征与机理研究 .地震学报 ,1997,19( 6 ) .
11 吴云 ,帅平 ,周硕愚 ,等 .用 GPS观测结果对中国大陆及邻区现今地壳运动和形变的初步探讨 .地震学报 ,1999,2 1( 5) .
12 周硕愚 ,帅平 ,郭逢英 ,等 .中国福建及其边缘海域现时地壳运动定量研究 - GPS、断层形变和水准等测量与震源机制结果的综合分析 .地震学报 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 2 ( 1) .
13 张诚 ,修济刚 ,邱同芝 ,等 .全球强震震源机制 .北京 :万国出版社 ,1993.
14 周硕愚 ,帅平 ,张跃刚 ,等 .中国大陆及其东南沿海现时地壳运动 .自然科学进展 ,2 0 0 0 ,10 ( 3) .
15 国家地震局《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会 ,马杏垣主编 ,中国岩石圈动力学地图集 .北京 :中国地图出版社 ,1989,17～ 4 7.
16 丁国瑜主编 .中国岩石圈动力学概论 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1997,91～ 16 7.
17 丁原章 ,梁劳 .巴士系构造的地震危险性 .华南地震 ,1992 ,12 ( 3) .
18 陈园田 ,王志鹏 ,黄卿团 ,等 .福建沿海的断陷盆地、平原、海湾与地震 .地壳形变与地震 ,1998,18( 4 ) .
19 汪素云 ,陈培善 .中国及邻区现代构造应力场的数值模拟 .地球物理学报 ,1980 ,2 3( 1) .
2 0 傅容珊 ,黄建华 ,徐耀民 ,等 .印度与欧亚板块碰撞的数值模拟和中国大陆形变 .地震学报 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 2 ( 1) .
2 1 刘与锟 ,郭逢英 ,陈兆湟 ,等 .福建省现代地壳垂直运动与断裂活动 .地壳形变与地震 ,1998,18( 1) .
2 2 L iu Chi- Ching and Yu Shui- Beih.Vertical crustal movements in Taiwan and their tectonic implications.Tectonophysics,1990 ,183.
2 3 Angelier J,Chu Hao- Tsu,Jyr- Cheng,et al.Active faulting and earthquake:the case study of theChihshang Fault,Taiwan.Journal of Geodynamics,2 0 0 0 ,2 9.
2 4 时振梁 ,王健 ,张晓东 .中国地震活动性分区特征 .地震学报 ,1995,17( 1) .2 5 梅世蓉 .地震预报概论 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993
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