盈江5.8级和缅甸7.2级地震前电磁异常
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摘要
本文分析了2010年10月—2011年3月云南通海ELF地震台站观测的电磁场资料,研究发现该资料变化与2011年发生在中国大陆"3.10"盈江5.8级及"3.24"缅甸7.2级地震存在以下关系,(1)470～1Hz的磁场自功率密度谱(PSD)在2011年盈江5.8和缅甸7.2级地震前出现了脉冲丛集异常,异常幅度分别比正常月份变化约1～3个数量级.异常的幅度与观测点的电极方位和信号的频率有密切的关系.(2)2011年3月10日盈江地震的异常变化是先从地壳的深部向浅部发展,在震前25天2.6km处的电阻率开始发生变化,震前10天400m处的电阻率变化,出现了勺形的变化形态,阻抗相位同步变化.3月24日的缅甸7.2级地震,震前10天深部、浅部的电阻率同步发生了大幅度变化,阻抗相位发生转折,这可能是强震的变化特性.
In this paper we analysed the electromagnetic anomaly phenomena related to the March 10 Yingjiang MS5.8 and March 24 Myanmar MS7.2 earthquake occurred in 2011.The anomalies of electromagnetic data are observed in Yunnan Tonghai stations in October 2010 to March 2011.The relationship between the electromagnetic anomaly phenomena and the earthquake events is studied.The following results are obtained:(1)The pulse cluster anomalies of power spectrum density(PSD) of magnetic fields in frequency band of 470~1 Hz appeared before Yingjiang MS5.8 and Myanmar MS7.2 earthquakes.The anomaly of magnetic PSD is about 1~3 orders of magnitude stronger than background field.The anomaly PSD have a close relationship with orientation of electrodes at observed point and the signal frequency.(2) The anomalies were emerged from deep to shallow in the earth's crust at Yingjiang earthquake on March 10,2011.At first,the resistivity in the depth of 2.6 km began to change 25 days before the earthquake,and at the depth of 400 meters the resistivity changed 10 days before,and the impedance phase changed synchronously.For the Myanmar MS7.2 earthquake of March 24,2011,the deep and shallow resistivity and impedance phase synchronously changed 10 days before the earthquake,this may be the characteristic of strong earthquakes.
In this paper we analysed the electromagnetic anomaly phenomena related to the March 10 Yingjiang MS5.8 and March 24 Myanmar MS7.2 earthquake occurred in 2011.The anomalies of electromagnetic data are observed in Yunnan Tonghai stations in October 2010 to March 2011.The relationship between the electromagnetic anomaly phenomena and the earthquake events is studied.The following results are obtained:(1)The pulse cluster anomalies of power spectrum density(PSD) of magnetic fields in frequency band of 470~1 Hz appeared before Yingjiang MS5.8 and Myanmar MS7.2 earthquakes.The anomaly of magnetic PSD is about 1~3 orders of magnitude stronger than background field.The anomaly PSD have a close relationship with orientation of electrodes at observed point and the signal frequency.(2) The anomalies were emerged from deep to shallow in the earth's crust at Yingjiang earthquake on March 10,2011.At first,the resistivity in the depth of 2.6 km began to change 25 days before the earthquake,and at the depth of 400 meters the resistivity changed 10 days before,and the impedance phase changed synchronously.For the Myanmar MS7.2 earthquake of March 24,2011,the deep and shallow resistivity and impedance phase synchronously changed 10 days before the earthquake,this may be the characteristic of strong earthquakes.
引文
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[26]孙维怀,汤吉,张平等.云南ELF电磁观测资料的异常特征分析.地震地质,2012,34(3):488-499.Sun W H,Tang J,Zhang P,et al.Research on thecharacteristics of anomalies in ELF electromagneticobservations in Yunnanprovince.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2012,34(3):488-499,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.03.010.
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[2]丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎等.地震电磁前兆研究进展.电波科学学报,2006,21(5):791-801.Ding J H,Shen X H,Pan W Y,et al.Seismo-electromagnetism precursor research progress.ChineseJournal of Radio Science(in Chinese),2006,21(5):791-801.
[3]黄清华.地震电磁观测研究简述.国际地震动态,2005,(11):2-5.Huang Q H.The state-of-the-art in seismic electromagneticobservation.Recent Developments in World Seismology(inChinese),2005,(11):2-5.
[4]黄清华.地震电磁信号传播的控制模拟实验.科学通报,2005,50(16):1774-1778.Huang Q H.Controlled analogue experiments on propagationof seismic electromagnetic signals.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(17):1956-1961.
[5]Nikiforova N N,Yudekhiu F N,Tokcosopiev A M.Studiesof electromagnetic emission of seismotectonic origin in theKirghizS.S.R.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1989,57(1-2):68-75.
[6]Morgunov U A,Matveev E V.Electromagnetic emission onSpitak earthquake.Geophysics,1990,6:14-191.
[7]Bleier T,Freund F.Impending earthquake have been sendingus warning signals and people are starting to listen.IEEE,Spectrum Int.,2005,12:17-21.
[8]Uyeda S,Hayakawa M,Nagao T,et al.Electric andmagnetic phenomena observed before the volcano-seismicactivity in 2000in the Izu Island Region,Japan.Proceedingsof the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ofAmerica,2002,99(11):7352-7355.
[9]Eftaxias K,Kapiris P,Polygiannakis J,et al.Signature ofpending earthquake from electromagnetic anomalies.Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(17):3321-3324.
[10]Sharma S P,Baranwal V C.Delineation of groundwater-bearing fracture zones in a hard rock area integrating very lowfrequency electromagnetic and resistivity data.Journal ofApplied Geophysics,2005,57(2):155-166.
[11]泽仁志玛,申旭辉,曹晋滨等.强震前ELF/VLF磁场的扰动特征统计研究.地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3699-3708,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.017.Zeren Z M,Shen X H,Cao J B,et al.Statistical analysis ofELF/VLF magnetic field disturbances before major earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(11):3699-3708,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.017.
[12]荣扬名,王桥,丁霞等.2011年日本东北大地震特低频地磁信号的分形标度特征研究.地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3709-3717,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.018.Rong Y M,Wang Q,Ding X,et al.Non-uniform scalingbehavior in Ultra-Low-Frequency(ULF)geomagnetic signalspossibly associated with the 2011 M9.0Tohoku earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(11):3709-3717,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.018.
[13]Huang Q.Retrospective investigation of geophysical datapossiblyassociated with the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake inSichuan,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,41(4-5):421-427,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.05.014.
[14]郝建国,张云福,潘怀文等.震前极低频电磁异常及其频谱特征.地震学报,1995,17(1):81-88.Hao J G,Zhang Y F,Pan H W,et al.Ultra low frequencyelectromagnetic wave anomaly and its spectrum characteristicsbefore earthquakes.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1995,8(1):101-109.
[15]高曙德,汤吉,杜学彬等.汶川8.0级地震前后电磁场的变化特征.地球物理学报,2010,53(3):512-525,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.005.Gao S D,Tang J,Du X B,et al.The change characteristicsof electromagnetic field before to after Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(3):512-525,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.005.
[16]杜学彬.在地震预报中的两类视电阻率变化.中国科学:D辑,2010,40(10):1321-1330.Du X B.Two types of changes in apparent resistivity inearthquake prediction.Sci China Earth Sci.,2010,54(1):145-156.doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4031-y.
[17]Huang Q H.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals.Proc.Japan Acad.,2002,78(7):173-178.
[18]Huang Q H.Rethinking earthquake-related DC-ULFelectromagnetic phenomena:towards a physics-based approach.Nat.HazardsEarthSyst.Sci.,2011,11(11):2941-2949,doi:10.5194/nhess-11-2941-2011.
[19]郝锦绮.唐山地震与震磁效应的最佳观测.地震学报,1985,7(3):300-313.Hao J Q.Tangshan 1976 earthquake and the optimumobservation strategy for seismomagnetism.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),1985,7(3):300-313.
[20]郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常.地震学报,2003,25(1):102-111.Hao J Q,Qian S Q,Gao J T,et al.ULF electric andmagnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rocksample.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(1):102-111.
[21]Huang Q H,Ikeya M.Seismic electromagneticsignals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment usingelectromagnetic waves.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1998,109(3-4):107-114.
[22]Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.Electromagneticanomaly before earthquakes measured by electromagneticexperiments.Earthquake Science,2009,22(4):395-402.
[23]Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P,et al.Numerical model ofthe selectivity effect and theΔV/Lcriterion.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26(21):3245-3248.
[24]Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Selectivity of seismic electric signal(SES)of the 2000 Izu earthquake swarm:a 3D FEMnumerical simulation model.Proc.Japan Acad.,2010,86(3):257-264,doi:10.2183/pjab.86.257.
[25]黄清华,林玉峰.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素.地球物理学报,2010,53(3):535-543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.007.Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Numerical simulation of selectivity ofseismic electric signal and its possible influences.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(3):535-543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.007.
[26]孙维怀,汤吉,张平等.云南ELF电磁观测资料的异常特征分析.地震地质,2012,34(3):488-499.Sun W H,Tang J,Zhang P,et al.Research on thecharacteristics of anomalies in ELF electromagneticobservations in Yunnanprovince.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2012,34(3):488-499,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.03.010.
[27]刘国栋,陈乐寿.大地电磁测深研究.北京:地震出版社,1993.Liu G D,Chen L S.Study and Prospecting of MT andElectromagnetic Method(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1993.
[28]钱家栋,林云芳.地震电磁观测技术.北京:地震出版社,1995.Qian J D,Lin Y F.Observation Technology for EarthquakeElectromagnetics(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.
[29]奥本海默,谢费R W,巴克J R.离散时间信号处理(第二版).刘海棠,黄建国译.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2003.Oppenheim A V,Schafer R W,Buck J R.Discrete-TimeSignal Processing(2nd ed)(in Chinese).Liu H T,Huang JG,Translation.Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University Press,2003.
[30]考夫曼A A,凯勒G V.大地电磁测深法.刘国栋,晋光文,邓前洁等译.北京:地震出版社,1987.Kaufman A A,Keller G V.The Magnetotelluric SoundingMethod(in Chinese).Liu G D,Jin G W,Deng Q H,et al.Translation.Beijing:Seismological Press,1987.
[31]Schuman O.über die strahlungslosen Eigenschwingungeneiner leitenden Kugel,die von einer Luftschicht und einerIonosph?renhülle umgebenist(On the free eigen-oscillationsof a conducting sphere,surrounded by an air film and anionospheric shell).Z.Naturforsch.Teil A,1952,7:149-154.
[32]杜学彬,李宁,叶青等.强地震附近视电阻率各向异性变化的原因.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1802-1810.Du X B,Li N,Ye Q,et al.A possible reason for theanisotropic changes in apparent resistivity near the focalregion of strong earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2007,50(6):1802-1810.
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