柴达木盆地鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造地震低速异常识别及成因探讨
|
摘要
岩石空隙中含气造成的地震波低速异常是检测天然气藏的一个重要地震信息.笔者在对鄂博梁Ⅲ号地震解释过程中发现,构造东高点深层地震所反映的构造形态及深、浅层构造叠置样式不仅与相邻构造存在较大差异,与区域构造变形规律也不相吻合.通过对全区地震精细解释及原始地震速度谱的分析判定,构造东高点深层地震反射不是真实构造形态的反映,而是由于地震异常低速造成同相轴"下拉"导致的构造形态畸变.进而,在排除影响地震速度的地表、处理流程、地下特殊岩性体等主要因素的基础上,通过石油地质综合研究认为,构造东高点紧邻生气凹陷、深层储、盖配置良好、晚期成藏,具备形成大型天然气藏的地质条件.圈闭含气是构造东高点深层地震产生低速异常的主要原因.
Seismic low velocity anomalies caused by pore rock bearing gas is an important piece of seismic information which can be used to detect natural gas pool.We find that the deep structure attitude and the overriding style of deep structure and shallow structure of the east prominent are distinct from adjacent structures and misfit the regional deformation mechanism while we interpret the two-dimensional seismic data of Eboling-Ⅲ structure.Fine seismic interpretation and the analysis of initial seismic velocity spectrum indicate that the deep zone of seismic reflection isn′t the true image of the east prominent deep structure attitude,but the structure distortion caused by seismic events push-down,and the seismic events push-down is caused by the anomaly of low seismic velocity.Further,on the basis of removing the factors which affect seismic velocity,such as earth′s surface,seismic processing technique and particular lithesome,the comprehensive researches indicate that the east prominent is intimately adjacent to the gas generating sag,and the reservoir bed and capping bed arrangement condition is very good.The east prominent has the feature of late gas accumulation and has the petroleum geology conditions of forming large scale natural gas pool.The closure of structure bearing gas is the primary reason for seismic low velocity anomalies in the east prominent deep zone.
Seismic low velocity anomalies caused by pore rock bearing gas is an important piece of seismic information which can be used to detect natural gas pool.We find that the deep structure attitude and the overriding style of deep structure and shallow structure of the east prominent are distinct from adjacent structures and misfit the regional deformation mechanism while we interpret the two-dimensional seismic data of Eboling-Ⅲ structure.Fine seismic interpretation and the analysis of initial seismic velocity spectrum indicate that the deep zone of seismic reflection isn′t the true image of the east prominent deep structure attitude,but the structure distortion caused by seismic events push-down,and the seismic events push-down is caused by the anomaly of low seismic velocity.Further,on the basis of removing the factors which affect seismic velocity,such as earth′s surface,seismic processing technique and particular lithesome,the comprehensive researches indicate that the east prominent is intimately adjacent to the gas generating sag,and the reservoir bed and capping bed arrangement condition is very good.The east prominent has the feature of late gas accumulation and has the petroleum geology conditions of forming large scale natural gas pool.The closure of structure bearing gas is the primary reason for seismic low velocity anomalies in the east prominent deep zone.
引文
[1]李斌,刘洪,朱国同,付志方.油气勘探中的地震速度泡沫(Fizz)现象[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):207~212.Li B,Liu H,Zhu G T,Fu Z F.Fizz gas phenomenon in ex-ploration of oil&gas[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1):207~212.
[2]徐子远.柴东生物气勘探的实践与思考[J].中国石油勘探,2006,6:33~37.Xu Z Y.Practice and reflection on biogas exploration in east-ern qaidam basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,6:33~37.
[3]吴文金,范春学,杨岭.小构造分析箱状背斜成因[J].西部探矿工程,2006,3:119~120.Wu W J,Fan C X,Yang L.The analysis on the genesis ofbox anticline with little structures[J].West-China Explora-tion Engineering,2006,3:119~120.
[4]陈志勇,汪立群,陈书平王志欣.冷湖构造带西段新生界构造模型及变形特征[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):614~617.Chen Z Y,Wang L Q,Chen S P,Wang Z X.Tectonic modeland its deformation feature of cenozoic in west section of leng-hu structural belt,northern margin of qaidam basin[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2005,26(6):614~617.
[5]李生杰.油气水速度及其影响因素分析[J].新疆地质,2006,24(3):292~296.Li S J.The analysis on the velocities of oil,gas,water andmixture and affecting factors[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(3):292~296.
[6]滕吉文.当今中国岩石圈物理学研究中的几个重要问题与思考[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1033~1042.Teng J W.Some important scientific problems and ponders inlithospheric physics research of China at the present time[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(4):1033~1042.
[7]徐果明,姚华建,朱良保,沈玉松.中国西部及其邻域地壳上地幔横波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):193~208.Xu G M,Yao H J,Zhu L B,Shen Y S.Shear wave velocitystructure of the crust and upper mantle in western China andits adjacent area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(1):193~208.
[8]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model ofthe Chinese continental scientific drilling site[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):477~489.
[9]王尚旭,狄帮让,魏建新.鄂博梁山地近地表问题及其模型实验分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):100~102.Wang S X,Di B R,Wei J X.Analyzing near-surface problemin Eboliang mountainous region with mathematical and physi-cal models[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):100~102.
[10]刘殊,范菊芬,曲国胜,郭旭升.气烟囱效应—礁滩相岩性气藏的典型地震响应特征[J].天然气工业,2006,26(11):52~55.Liu S,Fan J F,Qu G S,Guo X S.Gas chimney effect:typi-cal seismic expression of lithologic shoal and reef gas reser-voirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(11):52~55.
[11]梁全胜,刘震,常迈,李鹤永.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系气藏形成与“烟囱效应”[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):156~159.Liang Q S,Liu Z,Chang M,Li H Y.Gas chimney effect andformation of quaternary gas pool in sanhu area,qaidam basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(2):156~159.
[12]尚永生,杨长春,王真理,陈发宇,范兴斌.柴达木盆地第四系气藏烃类检测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):831~835.Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,Chen F Y,Fan X B.Theresearch of hydrocarbon indication on gas reservior of Qaidambasin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):831~835.
[13]Marcello Simoncelli,Huang Z X.To remove gas cloud effectsby using PSDM in qaidam basin,northwest China[J].石油勘探与开发.国际合作交流,2003,30(2):115~118.Marcello Simoncelli,Huang Z X.To remove gas cloud effectsby using PSDM in qaidam basin,northwest China[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development.International Coopera-tion and Interchange,2003,30(2):115~118.
[14]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷,等.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449~455.Zhang W M,Li J L,Zhong J Y,et al.A Study on formationmechanism of gas-chimney and relationship with petroleum[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2000,35(4):449~455.
[15]张敏.柴达木盆地北缘油源及含油气系统研究[D].中国科学院广州地球化学研究所博士论文.2004,19~27.Zhang M.Analyses on the oil source and the oil/gas systemin the north fringe of qiadam basin[D].A Dissertation Sub-mitted to Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese A-cademy of Sciences,Guangzhou P.R.China for the Doctor′sDegree of Geochemistry,2004,19~27.
[16]赵东升,李文厚,吴清雅,等.柴达木盆地天然气的碳同位素地球化学特征及成因分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):135~140.Zhao D S,Li W H,Wu Q Y,et al.Characteristics of carbonIsotope and origin of natural gas in qaidam basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinic,2006,24(1):135~140.
[17]谭彦虎,彭德华,潘洪峰,等.柴达木盆地天然气资源潜力及勘探方向[J].中国石油勘探,2006,6:42~44.Tan Y H,Peng D H,Pan H F,et al.Potential of natural gasresource and its exploration direction in qaidam basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,6:42~44.
[18]杨平,杨玉芹,马立协,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系沉积环境演变及其石油地质意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):160~164.Yang P,Yang Y Q,Ma L X,et al.Evolution of the jurassicsedimentary environment in northern margin of qaidam basinand its significance in petroleum geology[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2007,34(2):160~164.
[19]戴金星,邹才能,陶士振,等.中国大气田形成条件和主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):473~483.Dai J X,Zou C N,Tao S Z,et al.Formation conditions andmain controlling factors of large gas fields in China[J].Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):473~483.
[20]贾承造,何登发,石昕,杨庚,张朝军.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2006,36(5):412~420.Jia C Z,He D F,Shi X,et al.Characteristics of late petrole-um accumulation in China[J].Science in China Ser.D EarthSciences,2006,36(5):412~420.
[21]赵文智,王红军,王兆云,等.天然气地质基础研究中的几项新进展及其勘探意义[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(4):393~399.Zhao W Z,Wang H J,Wang Z Y,et al.Some progress andexploration significance in the natural gas geologic fundamen-tal research[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006,16(4):393~399.
[22]赵文智,王兆云,张水昌,等.有机质“接力成气”模式的提出及其在勘探中的意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):1~7.Zhao W Z,Wang Z Y,Zhang S C,et al.Successive genera-tion of natural gas from organicmaterials and its significancein future exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Devel-opment,2005,32(2):1~7.
[23]谢宗奎,李生德,车明,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系油气成藏模式与油气聚集规律[J].地球科学与环境学报,2007,29(2):166~169.Xie Z K,Li S D,Che M,et al.Mode of jurassic hydocarbonreservoir formation and rules of reservoir accumulation in qai-dam basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environmen,2007,29(2):166~169.
[24]洪峰,宋岩,余辉龙,等.柴达木盆地北缘典型构造断层封闭性与天然气成藏[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):11~15.Hong F,Song Y,Yu H L,et al.The fault sealability of typ-ical structures and gas pool formed in north edge of qaidambasin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(2):11~15.
[25]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902~908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2005,48(4):902~908.
[26]赵景霞,张叔伦,孙沛勇,等.三维并行合成震源记录叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):205~233.Zhao J X,Zhang S L,Sun P Y,et al.3-D parallel prestackdepth migration of synthetic source records[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2006,49(1):205~233.
[27]陈生昌,马在田.波动方程的高阶广义屏叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1445~1451.Chen S C,Ma Z T.High order generalized screen propagatorfor wave equation prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1445~1451.
[28]瞿辰,周蕙兰,赵大鹏.使用纵波和横波走时层析成像研究菲律宾海板块西边缘带和南海地区的深部结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1757~1768.Qu C,Zhou H L,Zhao D P.Deep structure beneath the westmargin of Philippine Sea Plate and South China Sea from Pand S wave travel time tomography[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2007,50(6):1757~1768.
[2]徐子远.柴东生物气勘探的实践与思考[J].中国石油勘探,2006,6:33~37.Xu Z Y.Practice and reflection on biogas exploration in east-ern qaidam basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,6:33~37.
[3]吴文金,范春学,杨岭.小构造分析箱状背斜成因[J].西部探矿工程,2006,3:119~120.Wu W J,Fan C X,Yang L.The analysis on the genesis ofbox anticline with little structures[J].West-China Explora-tion Engineering,2006,3:119~120.
[4]陈志勇,汪立群,陈书平王志欣.冷湖构造带西段新生界构造模型及变形特征[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):614~617.Chen Z Y,Wang L Q,Chen S P,Wang Z X.Tectonic modeland its deformation feature of cenozoic in west section of leng-hu structural belt,northern margin of qaidam basin[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2005,26(6):614~617.
[5]李生杰.油气水速度及其影响因素分析[J].新疆地质,2006,24(3):292~296.Li S J.The analysis on the velocities of oil,gas,water andmixture and affecting factors[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(3):292~296.
[6]滕吉文.当今中国岩石圈物理学研究中的几个重要问题与思考[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1033~1042.Teng J W.Some important scientific problems and ponders inlithospheric physics research of China at the present time[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(4):1033~1042.
[7]徐果明,姚华建,朱良保,沈玉松.中国西部及其邻域地壳上地幔横波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):193~208.Xu G M,Yao H J,Zhu L B,Shen Y S.Shear wave velocitystructure of the crust and upper mantle in western China andits adjacent area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(1):193~208.
[8]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model ofthe Chinese continental scientific drilling site[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):477~489.
[9]王尚旭,狄帮让,魏建新.鄂博梁山地近地表问题及其模型实验分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):100~102.Wang S X,Di B R,Wei J X.Analyzing near-surface problemin Eboliang mountainous region with mathematical and physi-cal models[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):100~102.
[10]刘殊,范菊芬,曲国胜,郭旭升.气烟囱效应—礁滩相岩性气藏的典型地震响应特征[J].天然气工业,2006,26(11):52~55.Liu S,Fan J F,Qu G S,Guo X S.Gas chimney effect:typi-cal seismic expression of lithologic shoal and reef gas reser-voirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(11):52~55.
[11]梁全胜,刘震,常迈,李鹤永.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系气藏形成与“烟囱效应”[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):156~159.Liang Q S,Liu Z,Chang M,Li H Y.Gas chimney effect andformation of quaternary gas pool in sanhu area,qaidam basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(2):156~159.
[12]尚永生,杨长春,王真理,陈发宇,范兴斌.柴达木盆地第四系气藏烃类检测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):831~835.Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,Chen F Y,Fan X B.Theresearch of hydrocarbon indication on gas reservior of Qaidambasin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):831~835.
[13]Marcello Simoncelli,Huang Z X.To remove gas cloud effectsby using PSDM in qaidam basin,northwest China[J].石油勘探与开发.国际合作交流,2003,30(2):115~118.Marcello Simoncelli,Huang Z X.To remove gas cloud effectsby using PSDM in qaidam basin,northwest China[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development.International Coopera-tion and Interchange,2003,30(2):115~118.
[14]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷,等.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449~455.Zhang W M,Li J L,Zhong J Y,et al.A Study on formationmechanism of gas-chimney and relationship with petroleum[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2000,35(4):449~455.
[15]张敏.柴达木盆地北缘油源及含油气系统研究[D].中国科学院广州地球化学研究所博士论文.2004,19~27.Zhang M.Analyses on the oil source and the oil/gas systemin the north fringe of qiadam basin[D].A Dissertation Sub-mitted to Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese A-cademy of Sciences,Guangzhou P.R.China for the Doctor′sDegree of Geochemistry,2004,19~27.
[16]赵东升,李文厚,吴清雅,等.柴达木盆地天然气的碳同位素地球化学特征及成因分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):135~140.Zhao D S,Li W H,Wu Q Y,et al.Characteristics of carbonIsotope and origin of natural gas in qaidam basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinic,2006,24(1):135~140.
[17]谭彦虎,彭德华,潘洪峰,等.柴达木盆地天然气资源潜力及勘探方向[J].中国石油勘探,2006,6:42~44.Tan Y H,Peng D H,Pan H F,et al.Potential of natural gasresource and its exploration direction in qaidam basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,6:42~44.
[18]杨平,杨玉芹,马立协,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系沉积环境演变及其石油地质意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):160~164.Yang P,Yang Y Q,Ma L X,et al.Evolution of the jurassicsedimentary environment in northern margin of qaidam basinand its significance in petroleum geology[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2007,34(2):160~164.
[19]戴金星,邹才能,陶士振,等.中国大气田形成条件和主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):473~483.Dai J X,Zou C N,Tao S Z,et al.Formation conditions andmain controlling factors of large gas fields in China[J].Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):473~483.
[20]贾承造,何登发,石昕,杨庚,张朝军.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2006,36(5):412~420.Jia C Z,He D F,Shi X,et al.Characteristics of late petrole-um accumulation in China[J].Science in China Ser.D EarthSciences,2006,36(5):412~420.
[21]赵文智,王红军,王兆云,等.天然气地质基础研究中的几项新进展及其勘探意义[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(4):393~399.Zhao W Z,Wang H J,Wang Z Y,et al.Some progress andexploration significance in the natural gas geologic fundamen-tal research[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006,16(4):393~399.
[22]赵文智,王兆云,张水昌,等.有机质“接力成气”模式的提出及其在勘探中的意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):1~7.Zhao W Z,Wang Z Y,Zhang S C,et al.Successive genera-tion of natural gas from organicmaterials and its significancein future exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Devel-opment,2005,32(2):1~7.
[23]谢宗奎,李生德,车明,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系油气成藏模式与油气聚集规律[J].地球科学与环境学报,2007,29(2):166~169.Xie Z K,Li S D,Che M,et al.Mode of jurassic hydocarbonreservoir formation and rules of reservoir accumulation in qai-dam basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environmen,2007,29(2):166~169.
[24]洪峰,宋岩,余辉龙,等.柴达木盆地北缘典型构造断层封闭性与天然气成藏[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):11~15.Hong F,Song Y,Yu H L,et al.The fault sealability of typ-ical structures and gas pool formed in north edge of qaidambasin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(2):11~15.
[25]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902~908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2005,48(4):902~908.
[26]赵景霞,张叔伦,孙沛勇,等.三维并行合成震源记录叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):205~233.Zhao J X,Zhang S L,Sun P Y,et al.3-D parallel prestackdepth migration of synthetic source records[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2006,49(1):205~233.
[27]陈生昌,马在田.波动方程的高阶广义屏叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1445~1451.Chen S C,Ma Z T.High order generalized screen propagatorfor wave equation prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1445~1451.
[28]瞿辰,周蕙兰,赵大鹏.使用纵波和横波走时层析成像研究菲律宾海板块西边缘带和南海地区的深部结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1757~1768.Qu C,Zhou H L,Zhao D P.Deep structure beneath the westmargin of Philippine Sea Plate and South China Sea from Pand S wave travel time tomography[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2007,50(6):1757~1768.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心